Deck 22: The Respiratory System

Question 1

The serous membrane lining of the wall of the thoracic cavity.

A) visceral pleura
B) mucous membrane
C) parietal pleura
D) visceral pericardium
E) parietal pericardium

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Figure 22.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates structures that assist in filtering, heating, and humidifying inspired air.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Alveolar cells that allow rapid diffusion of respiratory gases.

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) alveolar macrophages
D) pseudostratiied columnar epithelial cells
E) endothelial cells

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Figure 22.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the soft wall of the trachea allows the esophagus to expand anteriorly.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Figure 22.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a muscular tube that serves as a common passageway for food and air.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

The region of the lung served by secondary, or lobar, bronchi.

A) bronchopulmonary segment
B) lobule
C) lobe
D) cardiac notch
E) lingular

Question 7

Anatomical region of the nasal cavity containing nose hairs.

A) olfactory mucosa
B) vestibule
C) nasal septum
D) uvula
E) nasal conchae

Question 8

The smallest airway of the bronchial tree that is primarily responsible for creating bronchoconstriction.

A) alveoli sac
B) bronchiole
C) bronchiopulmonary segment
D) lobe of lung
E) primary bronchi

Question 9

Figure 22.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that has a laryngeal prominence that is also known as the ʺAdamʹs apple.ʺ

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Figure 22.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Figure 22.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the vestibular fold, or false vocal cord.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 22.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that folds over the opening of the larynxthe glottis. The function of this cartilage is to prevent aspiration of foods and liquids into the lower respiratory tubes.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Figure 22.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the uvula.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Figure 22.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates Ciliated cells in this layer transport mucus laden with dust, bacteria, pollen, and viruses towards the pharynx.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Figure 22.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that anchors the vocal cords posteriorly.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Figure 22.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fibromusculocartilaginous layer with hyaline cartilaginous rings that allow the trachea to bend and elongate but not collapse.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Figure 22.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a flexible tube that has C-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it from collapsing.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Figure 22.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a muscular tube that propels swallowed food to the stomach.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Figure 22.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the vocal fold, or true vocal cord.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Figure 22.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the trachealis muscle.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

Vibrissae are

A) the sensory organs of the inner ear.
B) nose hairs.
C) specialized cells in the larynx that react to vibrations of air.
D) large hairlike projections on epithelial cells that line the trachea.

Question 22

The superior and middle nasal conchae are bony projections from the

A) maxillary bone.
B) sphenoid bone.
C) vomer.
D) ethmoid bone.

Question 23

Fissure separating the upper and middle lobes of the right lung.

A) superior
B) horizontal
C) carina
D) oblique
E) inferior

Question 24

The rubbing together of inflamed pleural membranes that produces a stabbing pain in the chest is called

A) tuberculosis.
B) rhinitis.
C) pleurisy.
D) influenza.

Question 25

The left lung

A) is supplied entirely by a secondary bronchus.
B) has a cardiac notch.
C) has three lobes.
D) receives oxygenated blood from the heart via the left pulmonary artery.

Question 26

In lung cancer, the cancer cells usually arise from

A) lymph nodes in the lung.
B) the alveoli.
C) the epithelium lining a large bronchus.
D) the smooth muscle fibers around the bronchioles.

Question 27

The part of the brain that generates the basic respiratory rhythm is the

A) cerebrum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) limbic system.
D) medulla oblongata.

Question 28

Sympathetic stimulation of terminal bronchioles causes

A) secretion of less surfactant.
B) a decrease in blood supply to the bronchioles.
C) bronchoconstriction.
D) bronchodilation.

Question 29

Which cells produce surfactant?

A) Type I cells
B) Type II cells
C) alveolar macrophages
D) chondrocytes

Question 30

The medial opening between the vocal folds through which air passes.

A) thyrohyoid membrane
B) vestibule
C) cricothyroid ligament
D) rima glottidis
E) glottis

Question 31

Which of the following is not a function of the nasal conchae?

A) They moisten the air.
B) They deflect particulates to the mucosa.
C) They help warm the air.
D) They decrease the turbulence in the flow of air through the nasal cavity.

Question 32

Which portion of the nasal cavity is lined with sebaceous and sweat glands and numerous hair follicles?

A) roof (ceiling)
B) nasal conchae
C) hard and soft palate
D) vestibule

Question 33

When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity , the pressure inside the thoracic cavity , and air flows the lungs.

A) increases; drops; out of
B) increases; drops; into
C) decreases; drops; out of
D) decreases; rises; into

Question 34

Specific location within the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

A) carina
B) alveoli
C) respiratory membrane
D) bronchopulmonary segments
E) terminal bronchioles

Question 35

Which structure is not located within the nasopharynx?

A) palatine tonsil
B) opening of the pharyngotympanic tube
C) pharyngeal tonsil
D) tubal tonsil

Question 36

These are peripheral chemoreceptors that monitor changes in respiratory gasses and blood acidity levels.

A) vagus nerve
B) carotid bodies
C) ventral respiratory center
D) reticular activating system
E) medulla oblongata

Question 37

Fluid that reduces surface tension of the alveolar walls.

A) pleural fluid
B) serous fluid
C) mucin
D) lysozyme
E) surfactant

Question 38

Which muscle contracts during forced expiration?

A) internal oblique
B) pectoralis major
C) serratus anterior
D) sternocleidomastoid

Question 39

Which part of the nose is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue?

A) the nasal septum
B) the border where the nostril attaches to the maxilla
C) the apex
D) the surface connecting to the nasal bones

Question 40

The detergent-like molecule that keeps the alveoli from collapsing between breaths is called

A) surfactant.
B) oxygen.
C) hemoglobin.
D) bile.

Question 41

The vocal ligaments attach between the thyroid cartilage and the

A) cuneiform cartilage.
B) corniculate cartilage.
C) cricoid cartilage.
D) arytenoid cartilage.

Question 42

In the wall of the trachea and bronchi, the cartilage rings lie within which tissue layer?

A) fibromusculocartilaginous layer
B) inner epithelium
C) submucosa
D) mucosa

Question 43

The aortic bodies

A) are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
B) sense the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
C) give rise to the pulmonary arteries.
D) are in the hilum of the lung.

Question 44

Which pulmonary disease is characterized by a permanent enlargement of the alveoli?

A) lung cancer
B) tuberculosis
C) emphysema
D) pneumonia

Question 45

The passageway between the nasopharynx and the middle ear is the

A) mastoid sinus.
B) internal acoustic meatus.
C) pharyngotympanic tube.
D) oval window.

Question 46

Most foreign substances in inspired air fail to reach the lungs because of the

A) porous structure of the nasal conchae.
B) ciliated epithelium and mucus that line the respiratory passages.
C) abundant blood supply to the nasal mucosa.
D) action of the epiglottis.

Question 47

Lung cancer occurs slightly more frequently in the right lung than in the left lung (about 53% versus 47% of the time). The most logical explanation for this is that

A) the tissue of the right lung is more susceptible to carcinogens.
B) the right primary bronchus is wider than the left one (and the right lung is larger than the left lung), so the right lung receives slightly more carcinogenic cigarette smoke with each puff.
C) the right nostril is closed more often than the left one, so it blocks the exhalation of cigarette smoke and causes smoke to back up into the right lung.
D) most people are right-handed, so everything affects the right side of the body more intensely.

Question 48

An aortic aneurysm that presses on the left recurrent laryngeal nerve could lead to

A) paralysis of the diaphragm.
B) inability of the carotid sinus to monitor blood gases.
C) hoarse speech.
D) complete loss of speech.

Question 49

The flaps over the glottis when we swallow food.

A) uvula
B) vocal fold
C) palate
D) epiglottis

Question 50

Of the following, which is the only organ that is not an upper respiratory structure? (Hint: Recall Figure 22.3.)

A) vestibule of the nose
B) nasal cavity
C) larynx
D) oropharynx

Question 51

What type of epithelium occurs in the respiratory mucosa?

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B) stratified squamous epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
D) simple squamous epithelium

Question 52

The main function of the elaborate venous plexus in the nasal mucosa is

A) to supply extra blood to the brain and supplement the dural sinuses.
B) diapedesis of leukocytes.
C) to warm blood and moisten inhaled air.
D) to replace vessels broken in nose bleeds.

Question 53

Of the three different layers of tissue in the wall of the trachea, the outermost layer is the

A) submucosa.
B) adventitia.
C) muscularis.
D) lamina propria.

Question 54

The respiratory mucosa is present throughout each of the following areas except the

A) nasal cavity.
B) bronchi.
C) nasopharynx.
D) superior laryngopharynx.

Question 55

Some bronchi have names such as the ʺright upper-lobe bronchus,ʺ ʺleft lower-lobe bronchus,ʺ and ʺright middle-lobe bronchus.ʺ These are bronchi.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) very small (about fifteenth-order)

Question 56

The ability to vary the pitch of the voice results from varying

A) the tension in the vocal folds.
B) the size of the laryngeal cartilages.
C) the shape of the cricoid cartilage.
D) the force of air passing over the vocal folds.

Question 57

The trachealis muscle

A) raises the larynx when swallowing.
B) controls the length and tension of the vocal cords.
C) initiates the cough reflex.
D) constricts the trachea.

Question 58

The pharyngeal tonsil is

A) synonymous with the adenoids in the roof of the nasopharynx.
B) in the fauces.
C) the largest tonsil.
D) scattered throughout the pharynx.

Question 59

An infectious illness that results in the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli is

A) tuberculosis.
B) pneumonia.
C) bronchitis.
D) emphysema.

Question 60

The correct definition of bronchopulmonary segments is

A) parts of the lung that are supplied by a single tertiary bronchus (and its branches).
B) parts of the lung that are easy to remove during surgery.
C) arbitrary subdivisions of a lung, about as large as a fist (0.3 liter).
D) parts of the lungs that are separated by the oblique and horizontal fissures.

Question 61

Which structure is both a lower respiratory structure and in the conducting zone? (Hint: Recall Figure 22.3.)

A) an alveolus
B) the laryngopharynx
C) a respiratory bronchiole
D) any bronchus

Question 62

A chronic respiratory disease that leads to an expanded ʺbarrel chestʺ is

A) lung cancer.
B) pneumonia.
C) emphysema.
D) tuberculosis.

Question 63

In a runner who is breathing heavily during a race, the rima glottidis is

A) all the way closed.
B) half closed.
C) half open.
D) open as far as possible.

Question 64

In a preserved cadaver, the first rib is likely to form a groove on which surface of the lung?

A) mediastinal
B) inferior costal
C) apical (apex)
D) basal

Question 65

The left lung has both a horizontal fissure and oblique fissure.

Question 66

Embryologically, the nasal cavity develops from

A) the early precursor of the paranasal sinuses.
B) a cranial extension of the mouth.
C) invagination of the ectoderm of the olfactory placode.
D) the nasopharynx.

Question 67

The lungs are located in the

A) mediastinum.
B) abdominopelvic cavity.
C) pleura.
D) thoracic cavity.

Question 68

Supportive cartilage disappears from the bronchial tree at the level of the

A) alveolar duct.
B) respiratory bronchiole.
C) bronchioles.
D) lobar bronchi.

Question 69

Type II alveolar cells produce pleural fluid to keep the walls of the alveoli from collapsing or adhering together.

Question 70

Which structure does not enter or exit from the hilum of a lung?

A) phrenic nerve
B) pulmonary artery
C) bronchial vein
D) pulmonary plexus

Question 71

The ventral respiratory group (VRG) is a group of neurons located within the

A) medulla oblongata.
B) midbrain.
C) pons.
D) forebrain.

Question 72

Gas exchange occurs across the bronchi and bronchioles.

Question 73

The space between the right and left vocal folds is called the

A) vestibule.
B) laryngeal inlet.
C) rima glottidis.
D) cricoid.

Question 74

It is easy to see on the outer surface of a smokerʹs lung hexagons approximately the size of the tip of a little finger and clearly outlined by black lines of carbon. These structures are

A) lobules.
B) bronchopulmonary segments.
C) bronchioles.
D) lobes.

Question 75

The lobes of a lung are easy to recognize and distinguish from one another because

A) they are separated by fissures.
B) carbon from the air accumulates between and outlines the lobes in most people (even if they breathe almost-unpolluted air).
C) they all have slightly different colors.
D) each is supplied by a primary bronchus, and the primary bronchi are easy to find.

Question 76

The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles are all located within the lungs.

Question 77

Alveolar pores

A) equalize air pressure throughout the lung.
B) allow gases to transfer from the alveoli to the blood.
C) allow pleural fluid to enter the alveoli and keep their walls from sticking together.
D) are the openings between the alveolar duct and the alveolus.

Question 78

Which of the following changes does not occur as the conducting tubes of the respiratory tree become smaller?

A) Cartilage disappears in the bronchioles.
B) The lining epithelium thins.
C) Cartilage rings are replaced by irregular plates of cartilage.
D) Elastin in the walls disappears.

Question 79

Which muscle is used for both quiet inspiration and forced expiration?

A) latissimus dorsi
B) internal intercostals
C) scalenes
D) external intercostals

Question 80

Changes in the size of the thoracic cavity bring about inspiration and expiration.