Deck 23: The Digestive System

Question 1

Figure 23.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cardia of the stomach.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Figure 23.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cystic duct.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Figure 23.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the duct formed by the union of the right and left hepatic ducts.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Figure 23.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the duct that carries digestive enzymes from acinar cells in the pancreas.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Figure 23.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the hardest substance in the body.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Junction of the transverse and ascending colon.

A) haustra
B) cecum
C) splenic flexure
D) ileocecal valve
E) hepatic flexure

Question 7

Infoldings of the sarcolemma of smooth muscle fibers.

A) mesothelium
B) vasa vasorum
C) caveolae
D) adventitia
E) muscularis externa

Question 8

Retroperitoneal organs have a serosa facing the peritoneal cavity and a(n) on the posterior side embedded in the abdominal wall.

A) mesothelium
B) caveolae
C) adventitia
D) vasa vasorum
E) muscularis externa

Question 9

Figure 23.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the bulb through which digestive enzymes and bile flow to the duodenum.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Figure 23.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fundus of the stomach.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Figure 23.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of the stomach that regulates the passage of chyme into the small intestine.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 23.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the root.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Smooth muscle constriction between the ileum and cecum.

A) haustra
B) cecum
C) hepatic flexure
D) ileocecal valve
E) splenic flexure

Question 14

Figure 23.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the hepatic ducts as they exit the porta hepatis.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

The union of the cystic and common hepatic ducts.

A) hepatopancreatic ampulla
B) main pancreatic duct
C) common bile duct
D) accessory pancreatic duct
E) bile canaliculi

Question 16

Figure 23.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the root canal.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Figure 23.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the curvature where the greater omentum attaches.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Figure 23.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the neck of the tooth.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Figure 23.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates folds that allow for expansion of the stomach.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Figure 23.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the crown.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

The mesentery that suspends the small intestine is the

A) mesentery proper.
B) falciform ligament.
C) lesser omentum.
D) greater omentum.

Question 22

Three strips of longitudinal muscles of the muscularis of the colon causing it to pucker into sacs.

A) teniae coli
B) pyloric sphincter
C) haustra
D) muscularis mucosae
E) ileocecal junction

Question 23

Bulblike union of the main pancreatic duct and bile duct.

A) hepatopancreatic ampulla
B) cystic duct
C) accessory pancreatic duct
D) hepatic duct
E) porta hepatis

Question 24

What is the function of the hepatopancreatic sphincter?

A) It prevents the movement of bile into the gallbladder.
B) As it contracts, it squeezes pancreatic secretions into the duodenum.
C) It controls the entry of bile and pancreatic juices into the alimentary canal.
D) It inhibits defecation in the upper alimentary canal while the anal sphincters do the same in the lower regions.

Question 25

Secretions of the parotid gland empty

A) through 10 ducts on the floor of the oral cavity.
B) lateral to the upper molars.
C) between the lingual tonsil and epiglottis.
D) anterior to the frenulum of the tongue.

Question 26

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is primarily located within the

A) submucosa.
B) lamina propria.
C) serosa.
D) muscularis mucosa.

Question 27

To say someone is ʺtongue-tiedʺ means that the

A) lips are exceptionally immobile.
B) lingual frenulum is short.
C) salivary glands produce little lubricant.
D) tongue muscles are weak.

Question 28

The splenic, or left colic, flexure of the colon is located within the

A) right lumbar region.
B) left hypochondriac region.
C) left lumbar region.
D) right hypochondriac region.

Question 29

Attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.

A) greater omentum
B) lesser omentum
C) ligamentum teres
D) falciform ligament
E) porta hepatis

Question 30

Which of the following is not contained in saliva?

A) enzymes that initiate the digestion of carbohydrates
B) bactericidal enzymes
C) enzymes that begin the digestion of proteins
D) bicarbonate buffer

Question 31

The digestive organ primarily responsible for the absorption of water is the

A) duodenum.
B) large intestine.
C) anus.
D) ileum.

Question 32

Layer of the GI tract responsible for peristalsis and segmentation.

A) lamina propria
B) muscularis mucosae
C) muscularis externa
D) submucosa
E) serosa

Question 33

Which of the following choices correctly pairs a type of cell in the stomach with its secretion?

A) parietal cell; mucus
B) parietal cell; pepsinogen
C) enteroendocrine; hydrochloric acid
D) chief cell; pepsinogen

Question 34

Medial to both midclavicular lines and superior to the subcostal plane lies the

A) cecum.
B) jejunum.
C) appendix.
D) pyloric sphincter.

Question 35

How many deciduous teeth are there?

A) 20
B) 32
C) 18
D) It varies from person to person.

Question 36

Attaches the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach.

A) haustra
B) hepatopancreatic ampulla
C) greater omentum
D) lesser omentum
E) porta hepatis

Question 37

Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for the peristaltic waves that propel materials from one portion to another?

A) serosa
B) mucosa
C) muscularis externa
D) submucosa

Question 38

The lesser omentum extends between the

A) lesser curvature of the stomach and the porta hepatis of the liver.
B) transverse colon and the posterior abdominal wall.
C) greater curvature of the stomach and the posterior abdominal wall.
D) sigmoid colon and the posterior pelvic wall.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the large intestine?

A) It absorbs much of the water and salts remaining in the wastes.
B) It is the main site of nutrient absorption.
C) It includes the ascending, transverse, and descending colon.
D) It contains an abundant bacterial flora.

Question 40

Another name for serosa is

A) visceral peritoneum.
B) mucosa.
C) serous gland.
D) parietal peritoneum.

Question 41

The stomach

A) stores food for later use in the form of fat.
B) dehydrates food materials before passing them to the small intestine.
C) churns food into a paste by mechanical means.
D) absorbs most of the nutrients in food.

Question 42

The bare area of the liver

A) is fused with the diaphragm.
B) is on the liverʹs inferior and anterior surface.
C) is covered with visceral peritoneum.
D) contains the ligamentum teres.

Question 43

Which of the following layers is present in the mucosa of the stomach and intestines, but not in the mucosa of the mouth and pharynx?

A) lamina propria
B) lining epithelium
C) lumen
D) muscularis mucosae

Question 44

Which of the following applies to the small intestine?

A) Its walls secrete most of the digestive enzymes that are active in its lumen.
B) Breakdown products of fats enter its lacteals.
C) It is where carbohydrates and fats but not proteins are digested.
D) It is where foodstuffs first encounter protein-splitting enzymes.

Question 45

All of the following structures have all four tissue layers in their walls except the

A) stomach.
B) esophagus.
C) mouth.
D) sigmoid colon.

Question 46

Which of the following is a secondarily retroperitoneal organ?

A) descending colon
B) ileum
C) transverse colon
D) sigmoid colon

Question 47

Which of the following correctly describes the function of the greater omentum?

A) It wraps around most of the large intestine and anchors it to the anterior abdominal wall.
B) It is a vestigial structure that has no known function.
C) It stores fat.
D) It absorbs heat from the digestive process and radiates it to the outside of the body.

Question 48

Why are bacteria abundant in the large intestines but not in the stomach?

A) Food enters the stomach first and does not spend much time there.
B) The stomach wall contains so much lymphoid tissue that it destroys all bacteria there.
C) The intestine is much warmer and moister, encouraging bacterial growth.
D) Secretions of parietal cells kill bacteria in the stomach.

Question 49

The portion of the large intestine closest to the liver is the

A) descending colon.
B) transverse colon.
C) rectum.
D) cecum.

Question 50

Which of the following cells produce intrinsic factor?

A) mucous neck cells
B) enteroendocrine cells
C) parietal cells
D) chief cells

Question 51

The ʺmostly mucousʺ extrinsic salivary gland is the gland.

A) parotid
B) sublingual
C) submandibular
D) intrinsic

Question 52

Which of the following statements about the duodenum is false?

A) It receives chyme from the stomach.
B) It is shorter than either the ileum or jejunum.
C) It is the site of action of liver and pancreas secretions.
D) It is more movable than the ileum or jejunum, which are retroperitoneal.

Question 53

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the bile -secreting liver were severely damaged?

A) nucleic acids
B) carbohydrates
C) lipids
D) proteins

Question 54

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A) secretion of bile
B) secretion of gastrin
C) production of cholesterol
D) storage of bile

Question 55

Which of the following is not a function of hepatocytes?

A) producing digestive enzymes
B) storing some vitamins
C) picking up and processing nutrients from the portal blood
D) detoxifying poisons

Question 56

The epithelial lining of the mouth derives from

A) endoderm.
B) neural crest.
C) mesoderm.
D) ectoderm.

Question 57

The largest salivary gland is the

A) parotid.
B) intrinsic.
C) submandibular.
D) sublingual.

Question 58

The pancreas contains all of the following regions except a

A) tail.
B) head.
C) hilum.
D) body.

Question 59

Which of the following are the only mucosal folds that do not flatten out at all when the organ stretches?

A) mucosal folds in the gallbladder
B) circular folds in the small intestine
C) longitudinal folds in the esophagus
D) rugae in the stomach

Question 60

The duodenum contains these structures whose products neutralize the acidic chyme.

A) gastric glands
B) Peyerʹs patches
C) duodenal glands
D) intestinal glands

Question 61

If we say the pancreas is shaped like a tadpole, then the tadpoleʹs head lies

A) against the hilum of the spleen.
B) in the curvature formed by the duodenum.
C) posterior to the fundus of the stomach.
D) inside the mesentery proper.

Question 62

Which of the following is true of the pectinate line of the anal canal?

A) It is also called the anal columns.
B) All hemorrhoids occur there.
C) It lies just below the level of the rectal valves.
D) It divides regions of somatic and visceral innervation.

Question 63

The splenic flexure is the boundary between the

A) transverse and ascending colon.
B) transverse and descending colon.
C) spleen and stomach.
D) descending colon and sigmoid colon.

Question 64

The lamina propria and submucosa of the stomach both derive from which embryonic layer?

A) splanchnic mesoderm
B) intermediate mesoderm
C) somatic mesoderm
D) ectoderm

Question 65

Some bacteria from the intestinal microbiota work their way into the intestinal wall and start to spread through the circulation. Many of these bacteria are stopped by MALT, while many more are destroyed by

A) hepatic macrophages.
B) the walling-off action of the greater omentum.
C) hepatocytes.
D) megakaryocytes.

Question 66

In most cases, the accessory pancreatic duct drains into the

A) common bile duct.
B) jejunum.
C) common hepatic duct.
D) duodenum.

Question 67

Disease of which structure is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults?

A) periodontal ligament
B) crown
C) dentin
D) enamel

Question 68

Which of the following is a role of the levator ani muscle in defecation?

A) It lifts the anal canal superiorly around the feces.
B) It pushes down on the feces.
C) Its stretch and proprioception properties initiate the defecation reflex.
D) It has no role in defecation, only in inhibiting defecation (it is the external sphincter muscle).

Question 69

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the rectum?

A) lacks tenia coli
B) has transverse folds called rectal valves
C) has longitudinal folds called columns
D) is secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 70

Which of the following is not an accessory digestive organ?

A) salivary gland
B) liver
C) teeth
D) spleen

Question 71

Most of the gastrointestinal tract is innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the nervous system. Which parts are innervated by the somatic nervous system?

A) esophagus and stomach
B) pyloric, ileocecal, and internal anal sphincters
C) pharynx and anal canal
D) small and large intestines

Question 72

Which of the following structures neither enters nor leaves the porta hepatis?

A) branches of hepatic artery
B) hepatic ducts
C) hepatic veins
D) branches of hepatic portal vein

Question 73

The parietal cells in the stomach produce

A) pepsin.
B) intrinsic factor and HCl.
C) secretin.
D) mucin.

Question 74

The liver and pancreas form as part of the embryonic

A) hindgut.
B) foregut.
C) the hindgut and midgut.
D) midgut.

Question 75

Which of the following is not a characteristic of enteroendocrine cells?

A) They are scattered throughout the lining of the rectum.
B) They secrete hormones that help signal the events of digestion.
C) They never secrete their product into the lumen of the digestive canal.
D) They are scattered throughout the lining epithelium of the stomach and intestines.

Question 76

In the stomach, the undifferentiated epithelial stem cells lie near the junction between the gastric pits and gastric glands. In the intestine, the corresponding stem cells occur

A) where the intestinal crypts meet the villi.
B) on the tips of the villi.
C) in the duodenal (Brunnerʹs) glands.
D) deep within the intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn).

Question 77

The terminal portion of the small intestine is the

A) pyloric sphincter.
B) duodenum.
C) jejunum.
D) ileum.

Question 78

In mastication, the relative roles of an incisor versus a molar are

A) biting off pieces of food versus grinding.
B) piercing versus tearing.
C) chewing versus holding food in the mouth.
D) only incisors function in mastication.

Question 79

Of the basic digestive processes, the one in which nutrients enter capillaries is called

A) absorption.
B) ingestion.
C) mechanical digestion.
D) propulsion.

Question 80

The lining epithelium of the developing digestive tract (pharynx through anal canal) comes from

A) mesoderm.
B) ectoderm.
C) neural crest.
D) endoderm.