Deck 17: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children.

A) thyroxine
B) parathyroid hormone
C) catecholamines
D) calcitonin
E) oxytocin

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that regulates circadian rhythms.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as

A) pars tuberalis.
B) neurohypophysis.
C) tuber cinerum.
D) adenohypophysis.
E) infundibulum.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates an organ that secretes hormones controlling blood sugar levels.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Gland of the posterior diencephalon.

A) adneohypophysis
B) neurohypophysis
C) thymus gland
D) parathyroid gland
E) pineal gland

Question 6

Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function.

A) mineralocorticoids
B) glucocorticoids
C) androgens
D) amino acid-based hormones
E) gonadotrophins

Question 7

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a commissure connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.

A) beta cells
B) alpha cells
C) delta cells
D) gamma cells
E) PP cells

Question 9

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes corticosteroids.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes melatonin.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Largest purely endocrine gland in the body.

A) adrenal gland
B) pancreas
C) hypophysis
D) thymus gland
E) thyroid gland

Question 12

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the hypophysis.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates an immune organ that also secretes hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Region of the hypophysis that releases hormones stored in neurosecretory bodies in axon terminals.

A) adenohypophysis
B) neurohypophysis
C) tuber cinerum
D) infundibulum
E) pars tuberalis

Question 15

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells.

A) gonadal cells of the ovaries/testes
B) pancreas
C) thymus gland
D) adrenal gland
E) thyroid gland

Question 17

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a ʺmaster glandʺ that secretes at least nine hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the brain region that secretes releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Pancreatic cell type that produces glucagon.

A) gamma cells
B) beta cells
C) alpha cells
D) PP cells
E) delta cells

Question 20

Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm.

A) tuber cinerum
B) infundibulum
C) pars tuberalis
D) adenohypophysis
E) neurohypophysis

Question 21

Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone?

A) copper
B) iron
C) calcium
D) iodine

Question 22

Which of the following is not part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) pars tuberalis
B) pars nervosa
C) pars intermedia
D) pars distalis

Question 23

Jellylike substance found in the thyroid follicles containing high concentrations of stored thyroglobulin.

A) cortisol
B) colloid
C) acinar
D) brain sand

Question 24

Which arrangement of endocrine cells does not allow for maximum contact with blood capillaries?

A) ducts
B) clusters
C) branching networks
D) cords

Question 25

Cells of the thyroid that produce calcitonin.

A) parafollicular cells
B) pituicytes
C) parathyroid cells
D) oxyphil cells
E) follicular cells

Question 26

Somatostatin

A) inhibits the exocrine activity of the pancreas.
B) inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon.
C) increases the release of glucagon.
D) increases the release of insulin.

Question 27

Which of the following hormones indirectly increases the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?

A) TSH
B) renin
C) ACTH
D) corticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 28

The action of the parathyroid hormone is counteracted by

A) calcitonin.
B) oxytocin.
C) GH.
D) thyroxin.

Question 29

Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function.

A) adneohypophysis
B) neurohypophysis
C) pineal gland
D) parathyroid gland
E) thymus gland

Question 30

Which endocrine gland stands out in X-ray images and helps radiologists get oriented in the brain?

A) the hypothalamus
B) the thyroid gland
C) the pituitary gland
D) the pineal gland

Question 31

The adrenal medulla secretes

A) cortisol.
B) aldosterone.
C) epinephrine and norepinephrine.
D) glucocorticoids.

Question 32

Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA.

A) zona fasiculata
B) zona reticularis
C) zona glomerulosa
D) chrommafin cells
E) tuber cinerum

Question 33

Class of hormones that regulates secretions of other endocrine glands.

A) tropic
B) acidophilic
C) basophilic
D) atrial naturetic peptide
E) renin

Question 34

Which of the following statements concerning the endocrine glands is incorrect?

A) They secrete messenger molecules called hormones.
B) They are a group of ductless glands.
C) The hormones they secrete travel more quickly than nerve impulses.
D) The hormones they secrete regulate processes such as growth and metabolism.

Question 35

Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months?

A) the pituitary
B) the ovary
C) the pancreas
D) the thyroid

Question 36

The hormone produced by the heart

A) increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.
B) increases calcium levels in the blood.
C) decreases urine output.
D) is secreted in response to low blood volumes.

Question 37

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) LH
B) adrenaline
C) ADH
D) glucagon

Question 38

Which of the following is a major source of steroid hormones in the body?

A) the adrenal medulla
B) the pituitary
C) the thyroid
D) the gonads

Question 39

Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx?

A) anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary
B) thyroid and parathyroids
C) adrenal medulla
D) pineal

Question 40

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pars distalis does not regulate the function of other endocrine glands?

A) MSH
B) TSH
C) FSH
D) ACTH

Question 41

Which of the following hormones is secreted into the primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system?

A) oxytocin
B) growth hormone-releasing hormone
C) growth hormone
D) ADH

Question 42

The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormone is

A) nervous.
B) humoral.
C) hormonal.
D) calcium.

Question 43

The hypophyseal pouch is involved in the formation of the

A) thymus.
B) pituitary gland.
C) thyroid gland.
D) pineal gland.

Question 44

Erythropoietin is produced in the

A) heart.
B) thymus.
C) kidney.
D) bone marrow.

Question 45

Which of the following hormones is secreted by neurons?

A) insulin
B) thyroid hormone
C) oxytocin
D) growth hormone

Question 46

Which of the following is not part of the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) pars nervosa
B) infundibular stalk
C) median eminence
D) pars intermedia

Question 47

Individuals with type 2 diabetes

A) have pancreases that produce and secrete very little insulin.
B) have an absolute requirement for insulin injections.
C) may often control their disease by diet and exercise.
D) have normal concentrations of glucose in their blood.

Question 48

The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the

A) infundibulum.
B) tuber cinereum.
C) pars intermedia.
D) pars nervosa.

Question 49

The major stimulus for the release of the amine hormones of the adrenal gland is

A) adrenaline.
B) nervous.
C) humoral.
D) hormonal.

Question 50

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is produced by

A) corticotropic cells.
B) thyrotropic cells.
C) somatotropic cells.
D) gonadotropic cells.

Question 51

The condition in which a neoplasm leads to hypersecretion of amine hormones by the adrenal medulla is called

A) myxedema.
B) acromegaly.
C) pheochromocytoma.
D) Gravesʹ disease.

Question 52

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the placenta?

A) testosterone
B) progesterone
C) hCG
D) estrogens

Question 53

The secretion of hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary is controlled by the

A) hypothalamus.
B) pancreatic islets.
C) pars distalis.
D) atria of the heart.

Question 54

Compared to most other organs in the body, endocrine organs are

A) mainly epithelial cells.
B) well vascularized.
C) poorly vascularized.
D) have an average amount of vascularization.

Question 55

Which of the following hormones is secreted by cardiac muscle cells?

A) epinephrine
B) FSH
C) ADH
D) atrial natriuretic hormone

Question 56

The target of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is

A) the thyroid.
B) the gonads.
C) the thymus.
D) the parathyroid.

Question 57

Of the following endocrine organs, which does not migrate away from its original site of formation in the embryo?

A) thymus
B) thyroid gland
C) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
D) parathyroid glands

Question 58

Vitamin D is synthesized and secreted by

A) bone cells.
B) the epithelium of the small intestine.
C) the epidermis.
D) the brain.

Question 59

Which of the following statements concerning the supraoptic nucleus is false?

A) It gets its name because it is superior to the optic chiasma.
B) It produces the hormone oxytocin.
C) It is part of the hypothalamus.
D) It is a brain nucleus rather than a cell nucleus.

Question 60

Prolactinoma is the most common tumor of the

A) thyroid.
B) pituitary gland.
C) adrenal medulla.
D) pineal gland.

Question 61

Cells that manufacture and secrete aldosterone are located in the

A) pars distalis.
B) zona glomerulosa.
C) pars nervosa.
D) renal cortex.

Question 62

Androgens are secreted and directly converted to estrogens and testosterone by the

A) interstitial cells.
B) pituitary gland.
C) peripheral reproductive cells.
D) gonadotropic cells.

Question 63

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by trauma to the

A) pancreas.
B) posterior pituitary gland.
C) gonads.
D) kidney.

Question 64

Parathyroid hormone causes all of the following except

A) activation of vitamin D.
B) increase in plasma calcium.
C) inhibition of osteoclasts.
D) decreased secretion of calcium by the kidney.

Question 65

The artery that supplies most of the pituitary gland (but not the pars nervosa) is the

A) hypophyseal branch of the external carotid artery.
B) primary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system.
C) superior hypophyseal artery.
D) basilar artery on the brain stem.

Question 66

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pars distalis is a tropic hormone?

A) prolactin
B) LH
C) growth hormone
D) MSH

Question 67

Which cells produce the thyroid hormone precursor thyroglobulin?

A) parathyroid cells
B) follicular cells
C) parafollicular cells
D) oxyphil cells

Question 68

The cells that secrete parathyroid hormone are called

A) follicular cells.
B) parafollicular cells.
C) parathyroid cells.
D) oxyphil cells.

Question 69

The thyroid gland is located

A) anterior to the aortic arch.
B) posterior to the sternum.
C) on the superior aspect of the kidneys.
D) immediately inferior to the larynx.

Question 70

Pituitary disorders include all of the following except

A) gigantism.
B) pituitary dwarfism.
C) Gravesʹ disease.
D) acromegaly.

Question 71

Cells that manufacture and secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone are located in the

A) adrenal cortex.
B) hypothalamus.
C) pars distalis.
D) thyroid gland.

Question 72

A cell type in the pars distalis that secretes two major kinds of hormones instead of one is the

A) prolactin cell.
B) somatotropic cell.
C) thyrotropic cell.
D) gonadotropic cell.

Question 73

The primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system is located in

A) the median eminence.
B) the pars tuberalis.
C) the infundibular stalk.
D) the hypothalamus.

Question 74

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland?

A) prolactin-inhibiting hormone
B) melatonin
C) oxytocin
D) melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 75

The beta type of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets secretes a hormone that

A) targets liver cells.
B) lowers blood sugar levels.
C) raises blood sugar concentrations.
D) inhibits secretion by the exocrine pancreas.

Question 76

Cells that manufacture and secrete androgens are located in the

A) zona reticularis.
B) nonpregnant uterus.
C) bone tissue.
D) pituitary gland.

Question 77

Cells that manufacture and secrete ACTH are located in the

A) adrenal cortex.
B) pituitary gland.
C) adrenal medulla.
D) heart.

Question 78

Cells of the adrenal medulla are most closely allied with

A) the T lymphocytes of the immune system.
B) the exocrine acinar cells of the pancreas.
C) the pinealocytes.
D) the sympathetic neurons.

Question 79

Endocrine cells that secrete steroids have all of the following cytoplasmic features except

A) secretion via diffusion.
B) lipid droplets.
C) secretory granules.
D) abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 80

Which region of the adrenal cortex consists of cells arranged in parallel cords?

A) zona fasciculata
B) zona reticularis
C) zona pellucia
D) zona glomerulosa