Deck 15: The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons

Question 1

Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the

A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Adrenergic hormones are secreted into the bloodstream in this region of the adrenal gland.

A) medulla oblongata
B) sympathetic trunk
C) rami communicantes
D) hypothalamus
E) medulla

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS.

A) post-ganglionic neuron
B) rami communicantes
C) collateral ganglia
D) pre-ganglionic neuron
E) splanchnic nerves

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The overall integrating center for the ANS.

A) sympathetic trunk
B) hypothalamus
C) rami communicantes
D) medulla oblongata
E) medulla

Question 5

A descriptive term that identifies the type of neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers.

A) medulla
B) adrenergic
C) postganglionic neuron
D) cholinergic
E) none of the above

Question 6

Figure 15.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the aortic plexus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

A class of preganglionic fibers present in both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

A) adrenergic
B) postganglionic neuron
C) cholinergic
D) medulla
E) none of the above

Question 8

Short nerve branches that connect the ventral rami of spinal nerves to the sympathetic ganglia.

A) sympathetic trunk
B) medulla oblongata
C) hypothalamus
D) medulla
E) rami communicantes

Question 9

Figure 15.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the cardiac plexus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Sympathetic structures of the abdomen that lie anterior to the vertebral column.

A) medulla oblongata
B) rami communicantes
C) pre-ganglionic neuron
D) collateral ganglia
E) hypothalamus

Question 11

The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the

A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Question 12

Figure 15.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the pelvic sympathetic trunk?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

This division can also be called the craniosacral division.

A) parasympathetic division
B) sympathetic division
C) autonomic nervous system

Question 14

Figure 15.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Division of the ANS most active during vigorous exercise describes the

A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Question 16

Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the

A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Question 17

Figure 15.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the left vagus nerve?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Division that is dominant during exercise, excitement, or emergencies.

A) sympathetic
B) cholinergic
C) parasympathetic
D) enteric nervous system
E) inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 19

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies within the CNS.

A) post-ganglionic neuron
B) rami communicantes
C) splanchnic nerves
D) pre-ganglionic neuron
E) collateral ganglia

Question 20

Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion.

A) cholinergic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) enteric nervous system
E) inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 21

The gray and white rami communicantes attach to the

A) spinal nerves.
B) dorsal root ganglia.
C) ventral rami.
D) dorsal roots.

Question 22

Another name for the ANS is the

A) branchial motor system.
B) general somatic motor system.
C) general peripheral nervous system.
D) general visceral motor system.

Question 23

All of the following have only sympathetic innervation except the

A) sweat glands.
B) arrector pili.
C) blood vessels.
D) salivary glands.

Question 24

Network of autonomic axons giving rise to nerves of the pelvic organs.

A) pulmonary plexus
B) dorsal root ganglion
C) stellate ganglion
D) aortic plexus
E) inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 25

Three-neuron reflex arcs that exist entirely within the walls of the digestive tract.

A) enteric nervous system
B) cholinergic
C) sympathetic
D) inferior hypogastric plexus
E) parasympathetic

Question 26

Which of these is not innervated by the ANS?

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle
D) glands

Question 27

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic fibers within the facial nerve?

A) parasympathetic
B) CNS
C) sympathetic
D) somatic

Question 28

Location in the brain of the cardiorespiratory and vasomotor control centers.

A) medulla
B) sympathetic trunk
C) hypothalamus
D) medulla oblongata
E) rami communicantes

Question 29

Which of these is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division?

A) branched fibers
B) cholinergic fibers
C) myelinated fibers
D) intramural ganglia

Question 30

Only about half a dozen parasympathetic ganglia have specific names. Two of these are the

A) celiac and superior mesenteric.
B) chain and prevertebral.
C) inferior and superior hypogastric.
D) ciliary and pterygopalatine.

Question 31

Focusing the eye on a nearby object in the field of vision is a function of which division of the ANS?

A) sympathetic
B) somatic
C) cranial
D) parasympathetic

Question 32

Which of these characteristics definitively distinguishes the autonomic nervous system from the somatic nervous system?

A) myelinated axons
B) cell bodies outside the CNS
C) cholinergic fibers
D) cell bodies within the CNS

Question 33

Which of the following cranial nerves does not supply parasympathetic fibers to the head?

A) oculomotor
B) glossopharyngeal
C) facial
D) vagus

Question 34

Sacral nerves carrying parasympathetic innervation to the pelvic organs.

A) thoracic splanchnic nerves
B) pelvic splanchnic nerves
C) sacral splanchnic nerves
D) vagus nerve
E) enteric nervous system

Question 35

Which division of the nervous system is characterized by highly branched postganglionic fibers that innervate multiple organs?

A) somatic motor
B) parasympathetic
C) visceral sensory
D) sympathetic

Question 36

Which of these statements concerning the glossopharyngeal nerve is incorrect?

A) The preganglionic fibers originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus.
B) Stimulation induces secretion from the parotid gland.
C) The pre- and postganglionic fibers travel in this nerve.
D) The pre- and postganglionic fibers synapse in the otic ganglion.

Question 37

Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in skin?

A) somatic
B) parasympathetic
C) integumentary
D) sympathetic

Question 38

The defecation and urination reflexes are integrated in the

A) hypothalamus.
B) spinal cord.
C) brain stem.
D) cerebral cortex.

Question 39

A nurse encountered a patient in a wheelchair 3 months after the patient had sustained a crushing injury to his cervical spinal cord at the level of C6 in a motorcycle accident. Although the patient was paralyzed, his limbs were thrashing, his face was bright red, and he was sweating profusely. What was happening?

A) mass reflex
B) Hornerʹs syndrome
C) Raynaudʹs disease
D) vagotomy

Question 40

Ganglia of this structure are connected to the ventral rami of spinal nerves through the rami communicantes.

A) sympathetic trunk
B) inferior hypogastric plexus
C) collateral ganglia
D) pre-vertebral ganglia
E) celiac ganglion

Question 41

The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the

A) chain and prevertebral ganglia.
B) higher brain centers.
C) brain stem and the sacral region of the cord.
D) thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.

Question 42

Which of the following autonomic plexi does not lie on the aorta or on the main branches of the aorta?

A) inferior mesenteric
B) superior mesenteric
C) celiac
D) inferior hypogastric

Question 43

Which of these descriptions is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

A) production of goose bumps
B) contraction of the bladder wall in urination
C) constriction of the pupils
D) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera

Question 44

Parasympathetic ganglia that are located within the walls of the innervated organs are called

A) dorsal root ganglia.
B) paravertebral ganglia.
C) collateral ganglia.
D) intramural ganglia.

Question 45

All of the following plexi contain fibers from the vagus nerve except

A) the esophageal.
B) the celiac.
C) the superior mesenteric.
D) the otic.

Question 46

The part of the brain that exerts more control over autonomic functioning than any other part is the

A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) thalamus.

Question 47

Cranial parasympathetic outflow is contained in all of the following cranial nerves except the

A) vagus.
B) facial.
C) glossopharyngeal.
D) accessory.

Question 48

The micturition (urination) reflex is controlled by a parasympathetic reflex pathway in which

A) the preganglionic axons occur in pelvic splanchnic nerves.
B) the preganglionic cell bodies are in the wall of the bladder.
C) the postganglionic axons occur in the celiac plexus.
D) the preganglionic neurons are in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in the brain.

Question 49

What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones?

A) postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
B) postganglionic sympathetic neurons
C) preganglionic sympathetic neurons
D) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Question 50

Which of these statements concerning the sympathetic division is incorrect?

A) There is a sympathetic trunk ganglion for each of the 31 spinal nerves.
B) The preganglionic cell bodies form the lateral gray horn in some areas of the spinal cord.
C) There is approximately one chain ganglion for each spinal nerve.
D) It is more complex than the parasympathetic system because it supplies more structures than the parasympathetic system.

Question 51

Which autonomic division increases heart rate?

A) cranial
B) parasympathetic
C) sympathetic
D) somatic

Question 52

Postganglionic neurons in the pterygopalatine ganglion

A) are very active when you cry.
B) run from the head to the abdomen.
C) are adrenergic.
D) are primarily sympathetic fibers.

Question 53

The sympathetic system causes

A) decreased blood glucose and peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.
B) decreased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and increased peristalsis.
C) increased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and decreased peristalsis.
D) increased blood glucose and peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 54

In which autonomic division do nerve cell bodies lie closest to the organs being innervated?

A) parasympathetic
B) somatic motor
C) visceral sensory
D) sympathetic

Question 55

Which of these statements is not a characteristic of collateral ganglia of the sympathetic division?

A) They lie anterior to the vertebral column.
B) They are paired and segmented.
C) They lie in the abdomen and pelvis.
D) They are located mostly on the abdominal aorta.

Question 56

Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel within the

A) facial nerve.
B) accessory nerve.
C) trigeminal nerve.
D) vestibulocochlear nerve.

Question 57

The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by

A) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and long postganglionic fibers.
B) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers.
C) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and short postganglionic fibers.
D) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and long postganglionic fibers.

Question 58

Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the

A) sympathetic trunk.
B) intramural ganglia.
C) dorsal root ganglia.
D) lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

Question 59

Which of these statements concerning gray rami communicantes is incorrect?

A) Their fibers are unmyelinated.
B) They are associated with sympathetic trunk ganglia.
C) They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain.
D) They carry postganglionic fibers to peripheral structures.

Question 60

The trunk ganglia contain what kind of cell bodies?

A) postganglionic sympathetic
B) preganglionic parasympathetic
C) preganglionic sympathetic
D) postganglionic parasympathetic

Question 61

Which one of these is solely innervated by the parasympathetic division?

A) sweat glands
B) ciliary muscle of the eye
C) arrector pili muscle of the hair follicle
D) adipose tissue

Question 62

Which of the following disorders of the sympathetic division does not involve a problem with blood vessels?

A) congenital megacolon
B) hypertension
C) Raynaudʹs disease
D) mass reflex reaction

Question 63

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.

Question 64

Over 90% of all preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are in cranial nerve

A) X.
B) VII.
C) V.
D) III.

Question 65

Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the

A) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.
B) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.
C) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.
D) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

Question 66

Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?

A) in the armpit
B) alongside the vertebral column
C) in the head
D) in the cervical region

Question 67

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs?

A) dilation
B) decreased secretion of mucus
C) constriction
D) no effect

Question 68

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following except

A) increase in heart rate and force.
B) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera.
C) dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles.
D) constriction of most blood vessels.

Question 69

Control of temperature, of autonomic nervous reflexes, of hunger, and of sleep are functions associated with the

A) cerebellum.
B) medulla.
C) hypothalamus.
D) thalamus.

Question 70

Preganglionic fibers are myelinated, whereas postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.

Question 71

Identify the pathway that correctly traces the movement of preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

A) dorsal root to gray ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion
B) ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion
C) ventral root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to white ramus communicans
D) dorsal root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to gray ramus communicans

Question 72

The ANS stimulates cardiac muscle as well as smooth muscle and glands. Which of the following nerves carries autonomic fibers that increase the rate of cardiac muscle contraction?

A) sympathetic nerves from the middle and inferior cervical ganglion
B) vagus nerves
C) sympathetic nerves from the lower half of the thoracolumbar spinal cord
D) phrenic nerves

Question 73

The cell bodies of postganglionic neurons that stimulate secretion of the parotid gland are in the

A) superior cervical ganglion.
B) otic ganglion.
C) sphenopalatine ganglion.
D) submandibular ganglion.

Question 74

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of

A) sympathetic stimulation.
B) reflex control.
C) vagus nerve activity.
D) parasympathetic innervation.

Question 75

Parasympathetic impulses to the stomach pass through the

A) inferior hypogastric plexus.
B) superior mesenteric plexus.
C) celiac plexus.
D) esophageal plexus.

Question 76

The adrenal medulla is stimulated by preganglionic neurons localized to gray matter of the spinal cord

A) in the cervical region.
B) in the lower lumbar region.
C) in the lower thoracic region.
D) in the upper thoracic region.

Question 77

Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the

A) intramural ganglia.
B) dorsal root ganglia.
C) sympathetic trunk.
D) lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Question 78

This organ contains modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons that lack nerve processes.

A) sympathetic chain ganglia
B) collateral ganglia
C) stellate ganglion
D) adrenal medulla

Question 79

Another name for a chain ganglion is

A) intramural ganglion.
B) paravertebral ganglion.
C) prevertebral ganglion.
D) sympathetic trunk.

Question 80

Visceral pain results from all the following except

A) cutting of an organ.
B) excessive stretch of an organ.
C) chemical irritation of an organ.
D) inflammation of an organ.