Deck 12: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Question 1

These regions of a neuron are also referred to as terminal boutons.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Figure 12.2
Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which diagram represents cells that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Figure 12.2
Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which diagram represents a microglial cell.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 12.2
Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which letter represents an oligodendrocyte.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Figure 12.2
Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which diagram represents a cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Figure 12.2
Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which letter represents the most abundant category of glial cells in the CNS.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

In an axodendritic synapse, the region of the postsynaptic neuron that binds the released neurotransmitter is the

A) synapse.
B) axon terminal.
C) axon.
D) cell body.
E) dendrite.

Question 8

An axosomatic synapse occurs between the axon terminals of one neuron and the of a proximal neuron.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 9

Figure 12.1
Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron with a name that means ʺlittle hill.ʺ

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

These regions of a neuron are characterized by numerous, short cytoplasmic extensions and are often referred to as receiving regions.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 11

This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 12

This is the site of communication between neurons.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 13

Figure 12.1
Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the gaps between Schwann cells that are known as myelin sheath gaps (nodes of Ranvier).

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Figure 12.1
Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Axodendritic synapses occur between letter ʺEʺ on the diagram and this region on a proximal neuron.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Mitochondria are particularly abundant here.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 16

Figure 12.1
Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a Schwann cell.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Chemical signals diffuse between neurons at this location.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 18

The of a presynaptic neuron associates with the dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 19

Figure 12.1
Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron where neurotransmitters are released.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

This region of the neuron contains a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 21

Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is false?

A) They are waves of positive charges that travel down axons.
B) They diffuse across the synaptic cleft.
C) They alter the permeability of the postsynaptic cell membrane.
D) They are released from synaptic vesicles.

Question 22

Most synapses transmit communicating signals using

A) physical contact between adjacent neurons.
B) chemical signaling molecules released from neuroglia.
C) electrical impulses travelling through gap junctions.
D) chemical signaling molecules-neurotransmitters.

Question 23

Which of the following is the correct path an impulse takes across a synapse?

A) dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, axon of postsynaptic neuron
B) axon of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron
C) axon of postsynaptic neuron, dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft
D) synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron, axon of presynaptic neuron

Question 24

In this part of a neuron, neurofilaments, actin microfilaments, and microtubules are particularly abundant, providing structural support and a transport network.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 25

Most tumors in the brain originate from

A) glial cells.
B) bipolar neurons.
C) multipolar neurons.
D) unipolar neurons.

Question 26

This part of the neuron may have branching collaterals.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 27

Which of the following is not considered a special somatic sense?

A) equilibrium
B) pain
C) smell
D) taste

Question 28

This region of a neuron contains chromatophilic substance or Nissl bodies.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 29

Which cells are the macrophages of the CNS?

A) ependymal cells
B) Schwann cells
C) satellite cells
D) microglial cells

Question 30

Interneurons are found

A) only in the visceral nervous system.
B) only in the autonomic nervous system.
C) only in the PNS.
D) only in the CNS.

Question 31

Of the following, which is the only structure that is in the PNS, as opposed to the CNS?

A) a tract
B) a ganglion
C) white matter
D) gray matter

Question 32

Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons?

A) high metabolic rate
B) inability to divide
C) ability to survive without oxygen
D) longevity

Question 33

This neuronal region transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 34

These regions of the neuron direct electrical currents toward the cell body.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 35

Which of the following statements concerning sensory neurons is incorrect?

A) They have peripheral and central processes.
B) Most have their cell bodies in ganglia outside the CNS.
C) Most are pseudounipolar.
D) They contain only dendrites.

Question 36

The majority of neurons in the body are

A) unipolar.
B) pseudounipolar.
C) bipolar.
D) multipolar.

Question 37

Neurofibrils

A) help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
B) receive incoming stimuli and pass the signal toward the cell body.
C) prevent the neuron from being pulled apart when subjected to tensile forces.
D) form synapses with axons of postsynaptic neurons.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about an axon is false?

A) It has branches.
B) It has a uniform diameter.
C) It carries nerve impulses toward the cell body.
D) It is also referred to as a nerve fiber.

Question 39

A somatic motor neuron carries

A) motor commands to the skeletal musculature.
B) information from the skin to the CNS.
C) information, such as pain, from the viscera in the ventral cavity to the CNS.
D) information that signals muscle contraction in the organs in the ventral cavity.

Question 40

Ganglia represent

A) groups of dendrites.
B) groups of neuron cell bodies.
C) groups of synapses.
D) groups of axons.

Question 41

These glial cells arise from embryonic white blood cells.

A) microglia
B) satellite cells
C) ependymal cells
D) oligodendrocytes

Question 42

Nonmyelinated axons

A) occur in the PNS, but not in the CNS.
B) are not associated with any Schwann cells.
C) conduct impulses more slowly than myelinated axons.
D) are thicker than myelinated axons.

Question 43

Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the PNS?

A) microglial cells
B) oligodendrocytes
C) astrocytes
D) Schwann cells

Question 44

Motor neurons arise primarily from the

A) ependyma.
B) neural crest.
C) alar plate.
D) basal plate.

Question 45

White matter represents

A) dendrites traveling together in the ANS.
B) myelinated axons traveling together in the CNS.
C) aggregations of neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord.
D) aggregations of neuron cell bodies in the brain.

Question 46

These glial cells surround the cell bodies of sensory neurons within ganglia of the PNS.

A) Schwann cells
B) satellite cells
C) astrocytes
D) microglia

Question 47

All of the following are characteristics of dendrites except that they

A) typically occur as more than one per cell.
B) are more extensive branching than axons.
C) always conduct action potentials.
D) conduct signals toward the cell body.

Question 48

Sensory neurons arise primarily from the

A) neural tube.
B) alar plate.
C) basal plate.
D) neural crest.

Question 49

A nerve cell is the same as a

A) nerve.
B) nerve fiber.
C) neuron.
D) neurilemmocyte.

Question 50

Which of the following is the correct arrangement of a reflex arc?

A) receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
B) effector, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, receptor
C) receptor, motor neuron, integration center, effector, sensory neuron
D) integration center, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector

Question 51

Which relatively rare type of neuron has two processes extending from opposite sides of the cell body?

A) multipolar
B) pseudounipolar
C) bipolar
D) unipolar

Question 52

Some small neurons in the CNS have no axon, only dendrites, and are

A) unipolar.
B) pseudounipolar.
C) multipolar.
D) bipolar.

Question 53

The complexity of the CNS can be attributed to

A) the large number of sensory neurons carrying information to the CNS.
B) the large number of motor neurons leaving the CNS.
C) the different types of receptors outside the CNS.
D) the large number of interneurons in the CNS.

Question 54

A man walking barefoot stepped on a piece of glass. His foot jerked upward in which type of reflex?

A) somatic, polysynaptic withdrawal reflex
B) visceral, polysynaptic withdrawal reflex
C) somatic, monosynaptic withdrawal reflex
D) visceral, monosynaptic stretch reflex

Question 55

Myelin on axons functions to

A) store nutrients (fat) for use by the neurons.
B) speed the rate of impulse conduction and insulate neighboring axons from one another.
C) cover nodes of Ranvier.
D) make the axons live longer.

Question 56

Action potentials travel along the

A) dendrite membrane.
B) axon membrane.
C) cell body.
D) myelin.

Question 57

The peripheral nerve fibers that measure the degree of stretch in the biceps brachii muscle and its tendons are classified as

A) general somatic sensory.
B) general visceral motor.
C) general somatic motor.
D) special visceral sensory.

Question 58

Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the CNS?

A) Schwann cells
B) microglial cells
C) oligodendrocyctes
D) astrocytes

Question 59

Which of the following most immediately encases the smallest component of a nerve?

A) fascicle
B) epineurium
C) perineurium
D) endoneurium

Question 60

An example of proprioception is

A) the contraction of the triceps brachii.
B) the sensation you feel during a wake-up stretch.
C) sensing a feather touch the skin.
D) the contraction of pharyngeal arch muscles used in chewing.

Question 61

The peripheral nerve fibers that speed up the movement of the digestive tract are classified as

A) special somatic motor.
B) general visceral motor (efferent).
C) special visceral sensory.
D) general visceral sensory (afferent).

Question 62

Gray matter in the CNS contains all of the following except

A) fiber tracts.
B) neuroglia.
C) neuron cell bodies.
D) dendrites.

Question 63

In the region of the spinal cord, the cell bodies of most interneurons lie in

A) sensory ganglia.
B) the ventral half of the white matter.
C) the dorsal half of the gray matter.
D) the PNS.

Question 64

The type of axon that conducts impulses most slowly is

A) thin, myelinated.
B) thin, unmyelinated.
C) thick, myelinated.
D) thick, unmyelinated.

Question 65

The entire nerve is surrounded by a tough fibrous sheath called the

A) ectoneurium.
B) epineurium.
C) perineurium.
D) endoneurium.

Question 66

An axon collateral from one neuron that circles back and synapses with a previous neuron describes

A) a reverberating circuit.
B) serial processing.
C) parallel processing.
D) a converging circuit.

Question 67

General visceral sensory impulses include pain, temperature, nausea, and hunger.

Question 68

A node of Ranvier (myelin sheath gap)

A) is one segment of the myelin sheath.
B) occurs in the PNS but not in the CNS.
C) is a bare region of axonal membrane in myelinated axons only.
D) occurs only in ganglia.

Question 69

The covering of a fascicle within a nerve is the

A) ectoneurium.
B) endoneurium.
C) epineurium.
D) perineurium.

Question 70

During embryo development, neurons that make ʺbadʺ connections

A) are turned off by inhibitory synapses in reverberating circuits.
B) die by apoptosis.
C) develop collaterals that seek out appropriate target cells.
D) are inhibited by chemicals released from astrocytes.

Question 71

Regeneration of peripheral axons requires

A) formation of a tube by Schwann cells to guide growth.
B) deposition of neurofilaments to bridge the gap between the original axon fragments.
C) construction of a collateral that branches from the point of damage.
D) migration of neural stem cells from the hippocampus.

Question 72

All of the neuronʹs organelles are localized to the cell body.

Question 73

A monosynaptic reflex arc is an example of

A) serial processing.
B) a converging circuit.
C) parallel processing.
D) a reverberating circuit.

Question 74

The chemical substance that is released at axon terminals is called a

A) synaptic vesicle.
B) hormone.
C) neurotransmitter.
D) Nissl body.

Question 75

Most neurons in the body are multipolar neurons.

Question 76

Ciliated neuroglial cells that form an epithelium and play an active role in forming and moving cerebrospinal fluid are

A) astrocytes.
B) Schwann cells.
C) oligodendrocytes.
D) ependymal cells.

Question 77

Vesicles containing neurotransmitters are located in

A) the nodes of Ranvier.
B) axon terminals.
C) a synaptic cleft.
D) the postsynaptic region of dendrites.

Question 78

The difference between myelinated and unmyelinated axons is that

A) Schwann cells wrap around myelinated axons in concentric layers.
B) Schwann cells form more widely spaced nodes of Ranvier in unmyelinated axons.
C) Schwann cells simultaneously surround multiple axons in myelinated axons.
D) Schwann cells are not associated with unmyelinated axons.

Question 79

Special somatic senses have receptors that are located mostly in the head, including hearing and balance and vision.

Question 80

A neuron is a collection of nerve fibers in the PNS.