Deck 11: The Family

Question 1

The basic, most common definition of family is

A) a group of people related by blood or marriage
B) a group of people who are legally married and their children
C) a group of people who live together and have emotional ties
D) a group of people who are related by blood, even if they do not live together

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Your text asserts that the European American nuclear family that became the dominant form by the 1950s was both an evolutionary adaptation and

A) a result of social planning.
B) an extension of fictive kinship
C) is the best form for almost all cultures and families
D) mirrors the preferred family form of Native American culture

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of these are relatively recent phenomena?

A) Nuclear family, arranged marriage
B) Nuclear family, companionate marriage
C) Extended family, arranged marriage
D) Extended family, companionate marriage

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A kinship system is

A) the nuclear family living in a household
B) both the family of origin and the family of procreation
C) a system of all those sharing the same last name
D) a grouping including all relatives

Question 5

In which of these do individuals choose their marriage partners based on emotional ties and love?

A) nuclear family
B) Arranged marriage
C) Companionate marriage
D) Exogamous family

Question 6

Madison and Justin cohabitate and live with their two young children. This household of four people is Madison and Justin's

A) Extended family
B) Family of origin
C) Kinship system
D) Family of procreation

Question 7

In agrarian societies, the basic economic unit is

A) The market
B) The estate
C) The household
D) The town

Question 8

The terms matrilineal, patrilineal, and bilateral refer to

A) How descent can be traced
B) How to determine legitimacy
C) Forms of marriage
D) Whose parents couples live with.

Question 9

Which of these is the least common, worldwide?

A) Polygamy
B) Monogamy
C) Polygyny
D) Polyandry

Question 10

How did society solve the problem of knowing who legitimate heirs to fathers were?

A) DNA testing
B) Legitimating sexual activity within monogamous marriage
C) separate housing for recognized family forms
D) eliminating extended families in favor of the nuclear family

Question 11

Regarding African American families,

A) Divorce rates are lower than for other ethnic groups
B) The nuclear family model has become more common due to economic changes since the 1970s.
C) Over half consist of one parent, usually the mother
D) Marriage rates are higher than for other ethnic groups

Question 12

According to your text, the core element of family definitions is

A) Biological relatedness
B) Economic relatedness
C) Logical or legal relatedness
D) Logical relatedness

Question 13

Families are part of __________, cultural forms that locate individuals in the culture by reference to their families.

A) DNA networks
B) kinship systems
C) extended neighborhoods
D) reproductive institutions

Question 14

In agrarian societies, the household served as a school, church, hospital, day care center, police station, and retirement home; these are all

A) Marriage forms
B) Obsolete worldwide
C) Family forms
D) Functions of the family

Question 15

Regarding Native American families,

A) the vast majority of tribes were patrilineal
B) the extended family model is common only on reservations
C) Native American tribes did not follow the requirement of exogamy
D) The majority of Native American marriages were polygamous

Question 16

Because African American families often have only one parent, many African American communities have adopted the convention of __________ as a survival mechanism

A) Fictive kinship
B) Nuclear families
C) polygyny
D) polyandry

Question 17

Almost every society has established a form of marriage that regulates sexual activity to ensure legitimacy;

A) This example best fits the matrilineal perspective.
B) Therefore nuclear families - parents plus children - are the most effective form of family
C) Thus families raise only the children that belong to them.
D) Marriage between one man and one woman is the only form that ensures this legitimacy.

Question 18

Madison and Justin cohabitate and live with their two young children. This household of four people is the children's

A) Family of procreation
B) Family of origin
C) Extended family
D) Kinship system

Question 19

According to Sigmund Freud, the one single cultural universal was

A) the incest taboo
B) monogamy
C) heterosexuality
D) patriarchy

Question 20

What factor(s) contributed to progressive nucleation?

A) improved health care
B) immigration and emigration
C) industrialization and modernization
D) globalization

Question 21

Women in male-female households do about ________ of the housework.

A) Half
B) Two-thirds
C) Ten percent
D) Ninety percent

Question 22

Most Hispanic American families are

A) Nuclear
B) Polygamous
C) Democratic by age and gender
D) Extended

Question 23

__________ refers to stretching the boundaries of kinship to include nonblood relations, friends, neighbors, and co-workers, who are obligated to help out in hard times and whom one is obligated to help out in turn.

A) Group marriage
B) Polygamy
C) Community marriage
D) Fictive kin

Question 24

In America over the past century living arrangements such as adults living alone, single parents with children, and unmarried partners with and without children have

A) Decreased significantly
B) Decreased slightly
C) Stayed about the same
D) Increased

Question 25

The highest poverty rate of any demographic group in the U.S. is among

A) Teen mothers
B) Middle-aged mothers
C) Teen fathers
D) Middle-aged fathers

Question 26

The development of many African American's strong kinship ties with non-relatives can be traced back to ________

A) the separation of slave families
B) historically high divorce rates
C) Caribbean cultural practices
D) preferred social groupings of slave families

Question 27

As of mid-2009, laws or constitutional amendments restricting marriage to a man and a woman (thereby excluding same-sex couples) were the case in

A) Fewer than a quarter of states in the U.S.
B) About a third of states in the U.S.
C) About half of U.S. states
D) The majority of U.S. states

Question 28

Regarding child care in married couples,

A) In most couples, the husband and wife share child care fairly equally.
B) Younger fathers do far more child care than their own fathers did.
C) In most couples, the husband does more child care than the wife.
D) Younger fathers do far less child care than their own fathers did.

Question 29

Which of these is correct regarding marriage and divorce rates in the U.S.?

A) Marriage and divorce rates are both down
B) Marriage rates are up; divorce rates are down
C) Marriage rates are down; divorce rates are up
D) Marriage and divorce rates are both up

Question 30

According to your text, what is the more precise term for sex unrelated to marriage?

A) Premarital
B) Nonmarital
C) Extra-marital
D) Amarital

Question 31

Cohabitation among opposite-sex couples in the U.S.

A) has become more common than marriage
B) is almost as common as marriage
C) was illegal in most states a few decades ago
D) is more common among the rich than among the working class or poor

Question 32

Compared to opposite-sex cohabiters, gay and lesbian cohabiters

A) Are more highly educated
B) Are more likely to be raising children
C) Are more likely to have a low income
D) Are less likely to be middle-aged

Question 33

Why do sociologists believe that so many elderly Americans are cohabiting?

A) Increased sexual desires
B) Cannot afford to lose Social Security benefits
C) Fear of divorce
D) Unconcerned about social mores

Question 34

Which of the following is correct regarding changes in families in the U.S.?

A) Adoption by nonrelatives is increasing
B) Childlessness is increasing
C) Single-parenting is decreasing
D) Children raised by grandparents is decreasing

Question 35

Among U.S. women, which of these categories has the greatest likelihood of being childless?

A) African American
B) Hispanic American
C) Asian American
D) White

Question 36

Asian-American families

A) Trace their ancestry to many different cultural groups
B) tend to be polygamous
C) are more likely to be egalitarian than other types of families
D) are more likely than other families to be headed by a single female parent

Question 37

The custom of dating - engaging in recreational activities in pairs with the goal of establishing or strengthening a romantic commitment -

A) Has been the norm in developed countries for hundreds of years
B) Began in the U.S. in the 1920s
C) Was not accepted in the U.S. until the "free love" movement in the 60s
D) Applies only to those younger than their mid-20s

Question 38

Marriage of girls under the age of 18

A) Is common in the developing world but its prevalence is decreasing
B) Is common in the developing world, and becoming more common
C) Is uncommon, and outlawed by most of the world's countries
D) Has become quite rare worldwide, though it is legal in most countries

Question 39

Single-parent families have become more common in all demographic groups, with the greatest increases among

A) African American and Asian families
B) Highly-educated women and white families
C) Less-educated women and African American families
D) White and Asian families

Question 40

________ were largely unknown in ancient societies.

A) Courtship rituals
B) Arranged marriages
C) Betrothals
D) Early marriages

Question 41

In a large majority of divorces, women's standards of living __________, while men's standards of living __________.

A) Go up, go down
B) Go up, go up
C) Go down, go down
D) Go down, go up

Question 42

Which one of these is accurate about divorce?

A) It dissolves the family.
B) It dissolves the marriage.
C) The rates have risen over the last 25 years.
D) The more educated have higher divorce rates.

Question 43

A study released in 2006 by the World Health Organization found that rates of IPV ranged from a low of 15 percent of women in Japan to a high of 71 percent of women in rural Ethiopia. The European Union and the United States fall

A) Close to the highest end of these rates
B) In the higher half of these rates
C) In the lower half of these rates
D) Almost equal to the lowest of these rates

Question 44

Rates of all forms of family violence

A) are highest among the middle-class
B) are over-reported
C) are under-reported
D) are very low

Question 45

The text includes a "Sociology and Our World" box that notes that outside of Nevada, the highest divorce rates are in the Bible Belt, and discusses whether religion causes divorce. Which of these, according to the discussion, contribute to divorce?

A) Religion and religiosity
B) Poverty and marrying young
C) Specific religions: Catholicism and Judaism
D) Living in northern states and sex education

Question 46

Almost every human society enforces __________: marriage to (or sex with) members of your family unit is forbidden.

Question 47

Regarding the effect of divorce on children, sociological research

A) Consistently finds that children are resilient and adapt successfully to their parents' divorce.
B) Shows that divorce is bad for children, both immediately and later in their lives
C) Asserts that couples should stay together for the sake of the children
D) Tends to exaggerate the harm

Question 48

How are U.S. divorce rates related to education?

A) They aren't
B) Those with higher education have lower divorce rates
C) Those with higher education have higher divorce rates
D) Those with the highest and lowest education levels have the highest divorce rates, compared to those with middle levels of education

Question 49

The term "blended families" refers to

A) Families with more than two generations living in the same household
B) Families with more than one race or ethnicity characterizing family members
C) Families in which the parents have children from previous marriages
D) Families that include non-blood relations, friends, neighbors, and co-workers

Question 50

In agrarian societies, the basic economic unit is __________.

Question 51

The single major cause of injury to women in the U.S. is

A) Accidents caused by DUI
B) Assault, abduction, or rape by strangers
C) Intimate partner violence
D) Workplace accidents

Question 52

How does divorce affect African American families differently than white families?

A) Family income falls more for Black families after divorce than for Whites
B) Black families recoup financial losses more quickly after divorce
C) Family income falls more for white families after a divorce than for Blacks
D) Black children are more likely to live with their fathers than White children after divorce

Question 53

Judith Wallerstein's longitudinal study of children whose parents divorced showed that their parents' divorce negatively affected the grown children's relationships. Regarding her study,

A) Sociologists conclude that divorce is bad for children
B) Sociologists have shown that what is better for the children depends very little on the quality of the relationships the parents have with their children
C) Sociologists tend to exaggerate the negative effects of divorce on children
D) Sociologists note that her sample and methods were limited

Question 54

Corporal punishment

A) has been used by nearly all American parents in punishing toddlers
B) is not legal to use in schools in any states
C) has not been shown to be developmentally harmful
D) has been endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics as an effective form of punishment

Question 55

Most studies on the effects of corporal punishment on children show that it

A) leads to better behavior and adjustment in childhood and later in adulthood
B) is increasing in frequency in the U.S.
C) is illegal in most countries
D) is associated with crime as an adult and mental health problems

Question 56

The likelihood of blending families is greatest among

A) The middle class
B) African American families
C) Hispanic American families
D) Younger poor families

Question 57

Dating violence is most prevalent among

A) Black adolescents
B) White adolescents
C) Hispanic adolescents
D) Dating violence has similar rates among all races and ethnicities

Question 58

IPV is more common among

A) Middle-income and middle-aged people
B) The poor and the young
C) Asian-Americans
D) Hispanic-Americans

Question 59

Which of these has the lowest rates in the U.S.?

A) Elder abuse
B) Child abuse
C) wife abuse
D) sibling violence

Question 60

The family is in crisis. The family has never been more popular. These statements illustrate the __________ perspective.

Question 61

Worldwide, the most common form of marriage is monogamy.

Question 62

The single major cause of injury to women in the U.S. is __________.

Question 63

Divorce dissolves the __________ but not the _________.

Question 64

Since 1970, the median age of _________ has risen substantially worldwide-for men from 25.4 years to 27.2 and for women from 21.5 to 23.2

Question 65

Corporal punishment using a __________ is prevalent in U.S. schools and legal in 21 states.

Question 66

People with more education are __________ likely to divorce, compared to those with less education.

Question 67

The nuclear family - a residential arrangement with parents and their children - is the most common family form throughout history.

Question 68

According to the text's box "What do you think?" the majority of respondents to the General Social Survey think a woman should be able to obtain a legal abortion in the two circumstances of __________ and __________.

Question 69

IPV varies greatly by gender; of victims injured by spouses or ex-spouses, __________ outnumber __________ by about nine to one.

Question 70

During the past 25 years, the divorce rate in the U.S. has __________.

Question 71

Among Native Americans, the _________ family model of the tribal society is common only on the reservations.

Question 72

The custom of __________, engaging in recreational activities in pairs rather than groups and with the goal of establishing or strengthening a romantic commitment, did not arise until the 1920s.

Question 73

After divorce, men's living standards typically __________, and women's living standards typically __________.

Question 74

Because African American families often have only one parent, many African American communities have adopted the convention of __________; including nonblood relations, friends, neighbors, and co-workers.

Question 75

__________ mothers have the highest poverty rate of any demographic group in the U.S.

Question 76

Families are part of ________ systems, cultural forms that locate individuals in their culture by reference to their families.

Question 77

Childlessness is becoming increasing common; the __________ education women have, the more likely they are to be childless.

Question 78

The most common foundation for family formation in the world is __________.

Question 79

Most Native American marriages are polygamous.

Question 80

The number of adoptions by nonrelatives has __________ since 1970.