Deck 1: What Is Sociology

Question 1

Your textbook discusses social order and social disorder, pointing out that these contradictions exist simultaneously and are related. What concept is illustrated by this phenomenon?

A) either/or
B) both/and
C) macro/micro
D) theory/research

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following exemplifies the both/and view?

A) Noting that despite poverty, the U.S. is overall a relatively wealthy country
B) People who have more than one role in society
C) Conducting a research project with both quantitative and qualitative analyses
D) society's parts have latent as well as manifest functions

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to sociology, the events and problems of today

A) Have contemporary roots
B) Are often random
C) Are the result of large-scale forces
D) Pre-determine the future

Answer 3

C

Question 4

As a way of seeing the world, sociology sees

A) a position, usually at one extreme or the other
B) common sense, that is, what "everyone" knows
C) either social order or social disorder, not both at once
D) both social order and social disorder, often simultaneously

Question 5

A sociologist who notes changes in our society, for example from more conservative to more liberal, yet also notes that each group of Introductory Sociology students behaves in much the same way as the groups before, is using what perspective?

A) both/and
B) conflict
C) political
D) structural-functional

Question 6

Sociologists note that although obesity is common in the U.S., with emphasis on supersizing and all-you-can eat, many women strive for thinness to fit our culture's image of beauty. This duality exemplifies what perspective?

A) Functionalism
B) Both/and
C) Social conflict
D) Modernism

Question 7

Which of these is an interest of sociology, as opposed to other subjects?

A) Artistic visions of the society of the authors
B) Processes of individuals who act rationally in markets
C) Real life systematic observation of society
D) How everyday problems can be remedied by therapeutic intervention

Question 8

What type of science is sociology?

A) Soft
B) Psychological
C) Social
D) none - it is not a science

Question 9

Sociology is the study of human behavior in ________.

A) Society
B) Sociometry
C) Social work
D) Socialism

Question 10

Which sociologist wrote of the "sociological imagination"?

A) C. Wright Mills
B) Karl Marx
C) Alexis de Tocqueville
D) Auguste Comte

Question 11

__________ note(s) the universality of patterns such men and women being so different they seem to be from separate planets (Mars and Venus).

A) Psychological experiments
B) Physiological analyses
C) Sociological research
D) Common sense stereotypes

Question 12

Sociologists who are testing hypotheses based on empirical observations of social phenomena are looking for

A) open ended questions
B) feelings
C) the human spirit
D) scientific facts

Question 13

Your text describes the concept of __________ as "connecting our lives to the large-scale events in the world, seeing the impact of such things . . . on our sense of ourselves and our . . . interactions with others." (p 4)

A) Structural Functionalism
B) Symbolic Interaction
C) The Sociological Imagination
D) Conflict Theory

Question 14

Regarding individuals, sociology

A) Connects them to larger processes of stability and change that compose history
B) Tends to ignore them and focus instead of much larger-scale institutional phenomena
C) Emphasizes the importance of human nature
D) Notes the universal and timeless characteristics of individuals

Question 15

Commonsense descriptions about society, such as "women are natural nurturers" or "men are naturally aggressive,"

A) Are stereotypical
B) Are not true for anybody
C) Cannot be scientifically tested
D) Are universal and timeless

Question 16

What does the "sociological imagination" classify our lives as?

A) Conflicted lives, torn between demands of modern society
B) Contrasting lives, with good and bad aspects
C) Contextual lives, understandable in social contexts
D) Convoluted lives, complicated, often incomprehensible

Question 17

People don't behave as predictably as the subject matter of other sciences,

A) therefore we can't test hypotheses in sociological research
B) however we can test hypotheses to study patterns of behaviors
C) thus sociology can not use any methods that are in other sciences
D) however sociologists use the same methods as chemists and biologists to study human "objects".

Question 18

Sociology uses which of the following as part of its scientific approach to interpret social behavior?

A) Bias
B) Systematic observations
C) Simple common sense
D) Preconceptions

Question 19

What is meant by the concept of social order?

A) a low volume of crime in a given area
B) how the components of a society function together
C) the type of government in place, such as a democracy
D) who is recognized as the most prestigious in a society

Question 20

Sociologists who are looking for "the human spirit" are most likely to

A) ask open-ended questions about how people feel in society
B) test hypotheses based on empirical observations of social phenomena
C) examine the predictive power of human behavior with quantitative methods
D) find similarities with other sciences such as biologists and chemists

Question 21

Explanations that human behavior is "hardwired" focus on

A) Nurture
B) Quantitative research
C) The sociological perspective
D) Nature

Question 22

Which is a central component of Karl Marx's theoretical framework?

A) Social engineering
B) Democracy
C) Racism
D) Capitalism

Question 23

What central insight was illustrated in Emile Durkheim's study of suicide?

A) Society is held together by solidarity.
B) Suicide is the ultimate individual act.
C) The less people have, the more likely they are to commit suicide.
D) Capitalism is a major factor in suicide.

Question 24

Lester Ward stressed the need for social planning and reform, and rebelled against the __________ model which saw each succeeding society as improving on the one before it.

A) Functionalist
B) Symbolic Interactionist
C) Post Modernist
D) Social Darwinism

Question 25

Which best describes symbolic interactionism?

A) People's interactions with their environment help them develop a sense of "self."
B) People's interactions create social cohesion, stability, and equilibrium for society.
C) People are integrated into various levels of the social world via inequity.
D) People are integrated into the social world through shared values and traditions.

Question 26

According to Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy:

A) only enhances human freedom
B) only erodes human freedom
C) can both enhance and erode human freedom
D) has nothing to do with human freedom

Question 27

Charlotte Perkins Gilman, who wrote Women and Economics in 1898, noted that

A) women were socialized toward feminine traits such as docility.
B) women who exhibited masculine characteristics such as leadership were more successful
C) the more successful marriages were those in which men and women shared tasks equally
D) women who earned their living had to suppress characteristics such as feebleness

Question 28

Max Weber connected Protestantism to the material success and economic profit of what economic system?

A) communism
B) Socialism
C) capitalism
D) feudalism

Question 29

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) argued that

A) Women have absolutely no power with men
B) Society can't progress if half its members are kept backward
C) Society can't progress unless women gain power over men
D) In order for society to progress, women must use their power to seduce men

Question 30

According to Durkheim, in modern society, with the division of labor and diverse and conflicting interests, society is held together with

A) Mechanical solidarity
B) Communal Competition
C) Organic solidarity
D) Structural-Functionalism

Question 31

W.E.B. Du Bois wrote that "the problem with the twentieth century was the problem of __________"

A) Modernism
B) Poverty
C) The Great Depression
D) The color line

Question 32

Who first coined the term sociology?

A) Auguste Comte
B) Karl Marx
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Max Weber

Question 33

Sociology came to the United States

A) When Marx, Weber, and Durkheim went on a speaking tour of major US universities.
B) When American sociologists applied the ideas of European sociology to the American experience.
C) During the Revolutionary War
D) During the Civil Rights and Women's Movements

Question 34

Before the full impact of the Industrial Revolution, the source of one's identity was through one's ________.

A) religion
B) status or kinship
C) work or workplace
D) educational level

Question 35

While conducting research, sociologists engage in ________.

A) systematic observation and hypothesis testing
B) strictly quantitative methods of analysis
C) only intuitive methods of ensuring validity
D) strictly qualitative research

Question 36

Which of these was an outcome of the "Enlightenment"?

A) Use of reason to understand the relationship of the individual and society.
B) Use of faith alone to understand the relationship of the individual and society.
C) A rejection of the rationalist approach.
D) An embrace of the divine authority of the monarchy.

Question 37

Which of the following, according to John Locke, play(s) an essential role in people joining together in a society?

A) Psychological agreements
B) Social contracts
C) Cultural conscience
D) Contracts based on the divine authority of the monarchy

Question 38

George Herbert Mead developed a social theory of the "self", emphasizing

A) Nature
B) Class, status, and party
C) The generalized other
D) The importance of Social Darwinism in influencing our social beings.

Question 39

Which of the following represent the two main focuses of Contemporary Sociology in the United States?

A) nature and nurture
B) psychological and anthropological
C) science and religion
D) the self and social order

Question 40

Frederick Douglass's principle theme was that __________ was learned, and thus could be unlearned.

A) Language
B) Slaveholding
C) Feminism
D) Capitalism

Question 41

Since 1966, the percentage of BA degrees in sociology awarded to women has increased over ________ percent.

A) 60
B) 70
C) 80
D) 90

Question 42

In the United States, public education transmits knowledge and also provides free "babysitting" for school-age children, which, in turn, could allow both parents to be employed. Free babysitting would be considered a

A) Macro-level effect
B) Qualitative effect
C) Manifest function
D) Latent function

Question 43

__________ refers to the economic, political, cultural, and social interconnections among different groups all over the world.

A) Universalism
B) Globalization
C) Relativism
D) Particularism

Question 44

According to your text, sociology's mission is the understanding of different groups

A) focusing primarily on white men as the norm
B) to determine their appropriateness for society
C) to exclude those that should be marginalized
D) without value judgments

Question 45

Which of the following is correct about diversity on college campuses?

A) Gays and lesbians are typically expelled for violating morals codes
B) Racial and ethnic minorities dominate colleges these days
C) Racial minorities are excluded from most campuses
D) Women outnumber men on almost every campus

Question 46

Conflict theorists believe that ________.

A) only the lowest social group in a society is in conflict
B) societies in decline exhibit conflict, while stable societies do not
C) productive societies are the result of resolved internal conflicts
D) those who have power always seek to maintain it

Question 47

Talcott Parsons' structural functionalism stresses

A) balance and equilibrium among societies' parts
B) competition and inequality between the powerful and powerless
C) development of individuals' sense of self through interactions with others
D) the unequal distribution of social rewards in the social structure

Question 48

According to Robert K. Merton, parts of society have functions that are __________ if they are intended and __________ if they are unintended. Intended Unintended

A) latent manifest
B) concrete abstract
C) manifest latent
D) abstract concrete

Question 49

C. Wright Mills wrote of the "sociological __________"

Question 50

Which best describes multiculturalism?

A) The understanding of the dominant culture
B) The understanding of the minority or subculture
C) The understanding of many different cultures
D) The understanding of counterculture movements

Question 51

George Ritzer coined what term for the homogenizing spread of consumerism around the world?

A) McDonaldization
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Multiculturalism
D) Mass Society

Question 52

The percentages of non-whites and women within the field of sociology since 1966 has seen what change?

A) A slight decrease
B) A substantial decrease
C) An increase
D) No change

Question 53

The "sociological imagination" points out that our lives must be understood in social __________.

Question 54

Sociology uses systematic __________ as part of its scientific approach to interpret social behavior.

Question 55

Sociology is

A) a way of seeing the many differences and similarities in social life.
B) a profession dedicated to helping people cope with individual problems
C) a field that is not at all diverse; it is dominated by white men
D) an area that exists only in colleges and universities

Question 56

In the Postmodern conception of the world,

A) the fundamentals of society are all challenged.
B) Rather than using religious explanations, analyses are more scientific than ever
C) The meaning of social life is found in conforming to rigid patterns of development
D) Society is recognized as having less freedom

Question 57

Sociologists who look at contrasts such as the decline in literacy among American teenagers as well as a high level of competition at our elite schools are taking the __________ view.

Question 58

Which theory suggests that the constant struggles between the "haves" and the "have-nots" were the organizing principle of society?

A) Functionalist theory
B) Symbolic Interaction theory
C) Conflict theory
D) Social Darwinism

Question 59

Your text points out that the Wall Street Journal rated Sociologist as

A) The best job in America
B) One of the best jobs in America
C) An average job
D) A poor job

Question 60

Sociologists look at both how society fits together, called Social __________, and how it seems to be coming apart, called Social __________.

Question 61

________ coined the term sociology.

Question 62

In the __________ concept of the world, the fundamentals of society are all challenged and fluctuating.

Question 63

Schools are supposed to transmit knowledge, which is a __________ function.

Question 64

Sociology emerged in __________ in the early nineteenth century.

Question 65

Tocqueville discussed the United States as the embodiment of ________.

Question 66

According to Max Weber, the characteristic form of modern organizations is __________.

Question 67

According to __________ theory, constant struggles between haves and have-nots are the organizing principle of society.

Question 68

The __________ reorganized the production of goods from a craft system to large-scale factory production.

Question 69

Since 1966, the percentage of sociology degrees awarded to women has __________

Question 70

Karl Marx's central interest was the __________ economic system.

Question 71

Nations that are interconnected through economic, political, cultural and social means bringing together different groups of people all over the world are an example of ________.

Question 72

The idea that society is moving from a less developed to a more developed (and therefore better) stage is associated with the idea of __________.

Question 73

Very often, what we observe to be true turns out, after sociological examination, to be __________.

Question 74

George Ritzer calls the increasing homogeneity around the world ________.

Question 75

Sociology looks at the __________ of different forces, such as nature and nurture.

Question 76

Many "commonsense" descriptions of social life, such as "women are more nurturing," are not true for everyone, and are based on __________.

Question 77

According to Thorsten Veblen's The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), the wealthy visibly displayed their wealth in what he called __________.

Question 78

The two forms of solidarity described by Durkheim are ________ and ________.

Question 79

Research related to globalization focuses on ________ level analysis of processes such as the global marketplace, corporations, and transnational institutions.

Question 80

The ________ perspective examines how an individual's interactions with his or her
environment - other people, institutions, ideas - help a person develop a sense of "self."