Deck 28: Reproductive System

Question 1

Sperm cells are produced in the ________.

A) rete testis
B) efferent ductules
C) seminiferous tubules
D) vas deferens

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The sustentacular cells

A) mature to form sperm cells.
B) produce testosterone.
C) provide nourishment for development of sperm cells.
D) cover and protect most of the testes.
E) produce seminal fluid.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Contraction of the cremaster and dartos muscles

A) causes the epididymis to shrink.
B) increases during exercise.
C) pull the testes closer to the body.
D) is responsible for ejaculation.
E) causes the penis to become erect.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which structure contains enzymes needed by a sperm cell to penetrate an oocyte?

A) Acrosome
B) Gubernaculum
C) Sustentacular cells
D) Androgen-binding protein

Question 5

Which of the following cell types is diploid?

A) Spermatid
B) Sperm cell
C) Primary spermatocyte
D) Secondary spermatocyte

Question 6

The location of the testes and epididymides in the scrotum

A) allows more room for other organs in the abdominal cavity.
B) keeps these organs close to the penis.
C) provides a temperature that is suitable for normal sperm cell development.
D) keeps them isolated from the accessory glands of the system.
E) helps to protect them.

Question 7

Which of the following structures would be found in the spermatic cord?

A) Epididymis
B) Ductus deferens
C) Seminal vesicle
D) Ejaculatory duct
E) Interstitial cells

Question 8

Which of the following hormones is produced by the testis?

A) Testosterone
B) Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
C) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
E) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 9

Which process converts a spermatid to a mature sperm cell?

A) Spermatogenesis
B) Cryptorchidism
C) Gubernaculum
D) Spermiogenesis

Question 10

The blood-testis barrier

A) feeds sustentacular cells.
B) keeps blood from engorging the testis.
C) is formed by the primary spermatocytes.
D) isolates sperm cells from the immune system.
E) nourishes the developing spermatozoa.

Question 11

Which of the following structures is located within the perineum?

A) Dartos muscle
B) Seminal vesicles
C) Femoral triangle
D) Urogenital triangle
E) Navel

Question 12

Male infants can be born with an undescended testis. This means that the testis

A) lacks hormonal cells.
B) covers the top of the scrotum.
C) has lost its blood supply.
D) remains in the abdominopelvic cavity.
E) has not properly formed.

Question 13

Which of the following cell types is formed at the end of the first meiotic division?

A) Spermatid
B) Spermatogonia
C) Primary spermatocyte
D) Secondary spermatocyte
E) Sperm cell

Question 14

The opening in the abdominal wall through which the testes descend is the ________.

A) spermatic cord
B) gubernaculum
C) inguinal canal
D) process vaginalis
E) perineal opening

Question 15

Which of the following substances found in sustentacular cells may be the active hormones that promote sperm cell formation?

A) IgA and IgG
B) Sustentaculum and gubernaculum
C) Dihydrotestosterone and estrogen
D) Androgen-binding protein and testosterone
E) Estrogen and progesterone

Question 16

What are the female gametes?

A) Oocytes
B) Ovaries
C) Sperm cells
D) Uterus

Question 17

Which portion of the sperm cell is most involved with penetration of the oocyte?

A) Nucleus
B) Acrosome
C) Midpiece
D) Tail
E) Centriole

Question 18

Which function of the reproductive system is solely a function of the female reproductive system?

A) Production of reproductive hormones
B) Fertilization
C) Production of gametes
D) Development and nourishment of a new individual

Question 19

The thick white capsule that covers each testes is called the ________.

A) raphe
B) tunica adventitia
C) tunica albuginea
D) Leydig capsule
E) tunica alba

Question 20

The interstitial cells or Leydig cells

A) produce sperm cells.
B) form the wall of the rete testis.
C) cover the testis with a white tunic.
D) secrete seminal fluid.
E) secrete testosterone.

Question 21

The ductus deferens

A) stores sperm cells until ejaculation.
B) travels through the bladder.
C) ascends the abdominal cavity along the posterior side of the kidney.
D) passes through the inguinal canal and enters the pelvic cavity.
E) passes just beneath the skin to the penis.

Question 22

Discharge of semen into the prostatic urethra is called ________.

A) erection
B) emission
C) ejaculation
D) ovulation
E) ejection

Question 23

Arrange the following structures in the order sperm cells would pass through as they move from the seminiferous tubules to the urethra.
(1) Ductus deferens (vas deferens)
(2) Efferent ductules
(3) Epididymis
(4) Ejaculatory duct
(5) Rete testis

A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4
B) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5
C) 3, 4, 2, 1, 5
D) 5, 2, 4, 3, 1
E) 5, 2, 3, 1, 4

Question 24

Smooth muscle contractions help to propel sperm cells in the ________.

A) rete testis
B) ductus deferens
C) seminal receptacle
D) seminiferous tubule
E) ejaculatory duct

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding glands of the male reproductive system is false?

A) The seminal vesicles open into the membranous urethra.
B) The prostate gland surrounds the prostatic urethra and ejaculatory ducts.
C) The bulbourethral glands enter the spongy urethra at the base of the penis.
D) The prostate gland contains smooth muscle partitions covered with columnar epithelium.
E) The seminal vesicles are sac-shaped glands located next to the ampullae of the ductus deferentia.

Question 26

In males, both urine and male reproductive fluids travel through the ________.

A) ureter
B) urethra
C) epididymis
D) spermatic cord
E) ductus deferens

Question 27

Most of the seminal fluid is produced

A) by the testes.
B) by the seminal vesicles.
C) by the prostate gland.
D) by the bulbourethral glands.
E) by the ejaculatory duct.

Question 28

Semen is

A) produced solely by the testis.
B) a vaginal secretion needed to activate sperm cells.
C) sperm cells plus the secretions of accessory glands.
D) responsible for engorgement of erectile tissue of the penis.
E) is composed only of sperm cells.

Question 29

Circumcision is the surgical removal of the ________.

A) prepuce
B) crus penis
C) glans penis
D) corpora cavernosa
E) bulb of penis

Question 30

The duct from the seminal vesicle joins the ductus deferens to form the ________.

A) prostatic urethra
B) epididymis
C) sperm cord
D) ejaculatory duct
E) spongy urethra

Question 31

The accessory glands located near the membranous urethra are the ________.

A) seminal vesicles
B) inguinal glands
C) bulbourethral glands
D) seminal receptacles
E) penal glands

Question 32

The penis consists of ________ columns of erectile tissue.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
E) six

Question 33

Erection of the penis occurs when

A) the pubic bones move together.
B) the bulbourethral muscles contract.
C) lymphatic fluid accumulates in the glans penis.
D) penile erectile tissue becomes engorged with blood.
E) smooth muscle contraction occurs in ductus deferens.

Question 34

The longest portion of the male urethra is the ________ urethra.

A) prostatic
B) membranous
C) spongy
D) ductile
E) glans penis

Question 35

A primary spermatocyte is a diploid cell that gives rise to two secondary spermatocytes after the first meiotic division. The primary spermatocyte has ________ chromosomes.

A) 92
B) 46
C) 23
D) 13
E) no

Question 36

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) Ductus deferens - vas deferens
B) Epididymis - site of sperm maturation
C) Spermatic cord - passes through inguinal canal
D) Stereocilia - forms sperm cell tails
E) Midpiece - mitochondria

Question 37

Which of the following male reproductive structures is mismatched with its description?

A) Prepuce - skin that covers the glans penis
B) Corpora cavernosa - forms the foreskin
C) Glans penis - contains external urethral opening
D) Corpus spongiosum - expands to form the glans penis
E) Membranous urethra - between prostatic and spongy urethra

Question 38

The male urethra

A) has numerous mucous-secreting glands.
B) extends through the length of the penis.
C) is lined with ciliated cuboidal epithelium.
D) extends from the prostate gland to the ductus deferens.
E) is shorter than the female urethra.

Question 39

Sperm cells are produced in the ________ and complete maturation in the ________.

A) epididymis; testes
B) ductus deferens; epididymis
C) seminiferous tubules; prostate gland
D) seminiferous tubules; epididymis
E) seminiferous tubules; vas deferens

Question 40

The spongy urethra is surrounded by the ________.

A) corpus cavernosum
B) prostate gland
C) corpus spongiosum
D) bulbourethral glands

Question 41

A lack of testosterone production before birth would

A) inhibit normal development of male reproductive structures.
B) inhibit anterior pituitary secretions.
C) inhibit hypothalamus development.
D) inhibit FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary.
E) have no effect.

Question 42

Which of the following glands is correctly matched with its function?

A) Seminal vesicles - provide nutrients for sperm cells
B) Prostate - lubricates the penis during intercourse
C) Bulbourethral glands - produce a thin, sweet fluid
D) Testes - produce most of the semen
E) Prostate - contributes most of the fluid

Question 43

Luteinizing hormone (LH) binds to interstitial (Leydig) cells and

A) inhibits sustentacular cells.
B) promotes sperm cell production by the interstitial cells.
C) decreases testosterone production by the interstitial cells.
D) stimulates GnRH levels to increase in the testes.
E) increases testosterone production by the interstitial cells.

Question 44

Once GnRH is released from the hypothalamus and enters the hypothalamohypophysial portal system,

A) testosterone is released from the anterior pituitary.
B) the interstitial cells produce inhibin.
C) estrogen production increases.
D) FSH and LH secretion will occur.
E) it will inhibit FSH and LH secretion.

Question 45

The major factor controlling the onset of puberty in males is

A) a decrease in GnRH levels.
B) the production of testosterone by the testes.
C) the ability of the pituitary to secrete FSH and LH.
D) the hypothalamus becoming less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of androgens.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 46

Which of the following effects on the body CANNOT be attributed to testosterone?

A) Enlargement of male genitalia
B) Growth of pubic, axillary, and facial hair
C) Hypertrophy of the larynx
D) Increased calcium excretion
E) Rapid bone growth

Question 47

Given the following glands, choose the arrangement that represents the order in which the glands release their secretions to form semen.
(1) Prostate gland
(2) Bulbourethral glands
(3) Seminal vesicles

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 1, 3
C) 3, 1, 2
D) 3, 2, 1
E) 2, 3, 2

Question 48

The secretions produced by the prostate gland

A) are acidic.
B) contain fructose.
C) contain mucus.
D) constitute about 30% of the semen.
E) constitute about 90% of the semen.

Question 49

Which of the following events occurs in an erection?

A) Vasoconstriction of arteries leading to erectile tissue of penis
B) Engorgement of erectile tissue of penis with blood
C) Dilation of venules leading from erectile tissue of penis
D) Relaxation of internal sphincter of urinary bladder
E) Decrease of blood flow to the penis

Question 50

A pituitary tumor interferes with FSH secretion. How would this affect a male?

A) He would develop a feminine body contour.
B) He would not produce sperm cells.
C) He would have an erection.
D) There would be no effect as FSH is found only in females.
E) He would produce too many sperm cells.

Question 51

Which of the following statements concerning testosterone is true?

A) It prevents hair loss in pattern baldness.
B) It promotes atrophy of the larynx.
C) It can lead to an increase in muscle mass.
D) It causes the skin and hair to soften.
E) It decreases metabolic rate in males.

Question 52

Erection and ejaculation can be initiated by

A) manual stimulation of the penis.
B) contraction of smooth muscle.
C) impulses from the cerebellum.
D) increased blood levels of testosterone.
E) increased levels of LH and FSH.

Question 53

Impotence occurs when

A) the erectile tissues of the penis fill with blood.
B) semen accumulates in the urethra.
C) an erection cannot be achieved or maintained.
D) semen moves out of the urethra.
E) sperm cell production decreases.

Question 54

What is the active hormone in target tissues of testosterone such as the penis?

A) Testosterone
B) FSH
C) ICSH
D) Dihydrotestosterone

Question 55

Following ejaculation, a phase called resolution occurs. During resolution

A) a second ejaculation occurs.
B) a feeling of satisfaction occurs.
C) erection of the penis is maintained.
D) sperm cell production increases.
E) orgasm occurs.

Question 56

Which of the following hormones would decrease if an adult male were castrated (testes removed)?

A) GnRH
B) FSH
C) LH
D) Testosterone
E) ADH

Question 57

Which of the following hormones stimulates the synthesis of testosterone by the fetal testes?

A) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
D) Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH)
E) Estrogen

Question 58

Which of the following substances found in semen is mismatched with its function?

A) Fructose - nourishes sperm cells
B) Mucus - lubricates urethra
C) Fibrinogen - transient coagulation of semen
D) Prostaglandins - cause urethral contractions
E) Prostaglandins - cause uterine contractions

Question 59

Which of the following substances are found in the secretions of the prostate gland?

A) Mucus and fibrinogen
B) Fructose and mucus
C) Fibrinolysin and clotting factors
D) Prostaglandins and sperm cells
E) Acid and mucus

Question 60

The forceful expulsion of semen from the urethra caused by contraction of smooth muscle in the urethra and skeletal muscle surrounding the base of the penis is called ________.

A) ejaculation
B) neutralization
C) physiological contracture
D) emission
E) orgasm

Question 61

"Zygote" is the term used to describe the

A) Graafian oocyte.
B) primary oocyte.
C) secondary oocyte.
D) fertilized oocyte.
E) sperm cell just before fertilization.

Question 62

In a mature follicle, the oocyte lies in a mass of follicular cells called the ________.

A) theca interna
B) zona pellucida
C) granulosa
D) cumulus mass
E) theca externa

Question 63

The ovary is attached to the superior margin of the uterus by the ________.

A) mesovarium
B) broad ligament
C) ovarian ligament
D) suspensory ligament
E) round ligament

Question 64

A primary follicle contains

A) vesicles.
B) an antrum.
C) several layers of granulosa cells.
D) a mature ovum.
E) the theca.

Question 65

Which of the following events in the male sex act occurs last and results in ejaculation?

A) Peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens
B) Contractions of skeletal muscle at the base of the penis
C) Constriction of the internal sphincter of the urinary bladder
D) Release of secretions from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland
E) Semen accumulates in the prostatic urethra

Question 66

Which of the following is produced in the ovary and then leaves the ovary?

A) Testosterone
B) Corpus luteum
C) Secondary oocyte
D) FSH
E) Menstrual blood

Question 67

The ovaries and uterus are held in position within the pelvis by bands of tissue called ________.

A) follicles
B) muscles
C) endometrium
D) ligaments
E) tendons

Question 68

The ovary is surrounded by a capsule of fibrous connective tissue called the ________.

A) mesovarium
B) tunica albuginea
C) peritoneum
D) medulla
E) tunica alba

Question 69

Arrange the following events of the male sexual act in the correct sequence:
(1) Ejaculation
(2) Emission
(3) Erection

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 3, 1, 2
C) 3, 2, 1
D) 1, 3, 2
E) 2, 3, 1

Question 70

Of the two million primary oocytes in the ovaries at birth, only about ________ are ovulated.

A) 40
B) 400
C) 2,000
D) 4,000
E) 400,000

Question 71

A primary oocyte with a single layer of granulosa cells is most appropriately called a ________.

A) primordial follicle
B) secondary follicle
C) mature follicle
D) corpus luteum
E) Graafian follicle

Question 72

The release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary is called ________.

A) ovulation
B) fertilization
C) sporulation
D) implantation
E) oocyte release

Question 73

Fertilization occurs when the

A) oocyte ruptures from the ovary.
B) oocyte is implanted in the uterus.
C) sperm cell head enters the zygote.
D) nuclei of the secondary oocyte and the sperm cell unite.
E) sperm cells enter the vagina.

Question 74

The corpus luteum is a gland that

A) forms from a mature follicle after ovulation.
B) secretes progesterone.
C) degenerates into a zygote if pregnancy does not occur.
D) releases the secondary oocyte.
E) Both "forms from a mature follicle after ovulation" and "secretes mainly progesterone" are correct.

Question 75

The secondary oocyte completes the second meiotic division when

A) the mature follicle ruptures.
B) it is penetrated by a sperm cell.
C) it is implanted in the uterus.
D) it receives both estrogen and progesterone.
E) ovulation occurs.

Question 76

As a secondary follicle enlarges,

A) the granulosa cells are replaced with fluid.
B) the secondary oocyte divides by mitosis.
C) a theca or capsule is formed around it.
D) the zona pellucida becomes thinner.
E) the fluid within it is reduced.

Question 77

A follicle containing a secondary oocyte and a single fluid-filled antrum is called a ________ follicle.

A) primary
B) Graafian or mature
C) secondary
D) primordial
E) tertiary

Question 78

What is the role of NO (nitric oxide) in the male sexual act?

A) Dilation of blood vessels in the penis
B) Activation of a G protein
C) Secretion of mucus
D) Contraction of somatic muscles of the urogenital diaphragm

Question 79

Arrange the following events in correct sequence.
(1) Inflation and rigidity of erectile tissue
(2) Arteries supplying blood to erectile tissue dilate
(3) Blood fills erectile tissue sinusoids and compresses veins

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 3, 1
C) 3, 2, 1
D) 2, 1, 3
E) 1, 3, 2

Question 80

Follicles in the ovary that are never ovulated

A) undergo atresia.
B) become the corpus albicans.
C) form secondary follicles.
D) undergo and complete meiosis in the ovary.
E) proliferate.