Deck 4: Tissues

Question 1

The embryonic germ layer that is the source of connective tissue and muscle is ________.

A) mesoderm
B) endoderm
C) ectoderm
D) exoderm
E) neuroectoderm

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which type of tissue forms linings or coverings?

A) Epithelial tissue
B) Connective tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the microscopic study of tissues?

A) Anatomy
B) Physiology
C) Pathology
D) Histology
E) Embryology

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following categories of epithelium is based on cell shape?

A) Columnar
B) Keratinized
C) Stratified
D) Transitional
E) Simple

Question 5

An epithelial tissue has multiple layers, flat and irregular cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells. This is

A) pseudostratified keratinized squamous epithelium.
B) simple cuboidal epithelium.
C) simple transitional epithelium.
D) moist stratified squamous epithelium.
E) stratified keratinized squamous epithelium.

Question 6

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Endoderm - bone
B) Mesoderm - muscle
C) Ectoderm - skin
D) Neuroectoderm - nervous system
E) Neural crest cells - peripheral nervous system, skin pigment, tissues of the face

Question 7

Which type of tissue possesses an abundant extracellular matrix?

A) Epithelial tissue
B) Connective tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue

Question 8

The four primary tissue types are

A) epithelial, cartilage, muscle, and brain.
B) connective, epithelial, skin, and blood.
C) epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
D) glands, bone, lungs, and kidney.
E) bone, skin, blood, and muscle.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is not true of mucous connective tissue?

A) It is a type of embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to most adult connective tissue types.
B) It is an important component of the umbilical cord.
C) It can be an important source for stem cells.
D) It is an embryonic connective tissue that supports the vascular connection between the mother and the fetus.

Question 10

Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue?

A) Little extracellular material
B) Rest on a basement membrane
C) Has good blood supply within it
D) The cells are thin and flat (not thick)
E) Acts as a permeability barrier

Question 11

Stratified epithelium consists of

A) multiple layers of cells.
B) a single layer of cells.
C) a single layer of cells that changes shape when the tissue is stretched.
D) a multiple layer of cells that appears to change shape when the tissue is stretched.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 12

What is a collection of similar cells and surrounding substances?

A) Organ
B) Tissue
C) Organ system
D) Extracellular matrix
E) Intracellular matrix

Question 13

Which type of tissue contains cells called neurons?

A) Epithelial tissue
B) Connective tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

A) Conduction of action potentials
B) Secretion and absorption of molecules
C) Support of other tissue types
D) Contraction
E) Shock absorption

Question 15

What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease?

A) Autopsy
B) Biopsy
C) Histology
D) Postmortem exam
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

What is the examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by a disease?

A) Autopsy
B) Biopsy
C) Histology
D) Embryology
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

The extracellular material of tissues is called ________.

A) plasma
B) lymph
C) matrix
D) fibroblast
E) cytoplasm

Question 18

The various types of epithelium are classified by

A) the size and shape of cells.
B) the shape of cells and number of cell layers.
C) the number of cell layers and size of the cells.
D) the size and location of cells.
E) function and size of cells.

Question 19

Epithelial tissue is characterized by

A) tightly packed cells.
B) absence of any basement membrane.
C) extensive extracellular matrix.
D) a rich blood supply.
E) Both "tightly packed cells" and "a rich blood supply" are correct.

Question 20

Which type of tissue is contractile?

A) Epithelial tissue
B) Connective tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue

Question 21

Which type of epithelial tissue are found in the kidney tubules?

A) Simple cuboidal epithelium
B) Simple columnar epithelium
C) Stratified squamous epithelium
D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) Transitional epithelium

Question 22

Which of the following cell structures would be most important in secretory epithelial cells?

A) Cilia
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Lysosomes
D) Desmosomes
E) Microtubules

Question 23

Which tissue type forms glands?

A) Connective
B) Epithelial
C) Muscle
D) Nervous
E) Neuroectoderm

Question 24

Which of the following statements concerning epithelial cell surfaces is false?

A) Smooth surfaces reduce friction.
B) Epithelium with folded surfaces tends to be very rigid.
C) Cilia propel materials along the surface of an epithelial cell.
D) Epithelial cells with microvilli are involved in absorption.
E) Epithelium with folded surfaces can change shape.

Question 25

An intercalated disc is an example location of ________.

A) hemidesmosome
B) an adhesion belt
C) a striation
D) gap junctions
E) goblet cells

Question 26

If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of

A) connective tissue.
B) keratinized epithelium.
C) stratified squamous epithelium.
D) simple columnar epithelium.
E) simple squamous epithelium.

Question 27

Which of the following epithelial types is mismatched with its function?

A) Simple epithelium - diffusion
B) Stratified epithelium - protection
C) Squamous epithelium - stretching
D) Cuboidal epithelium - absorption
E) Columnar epithelium - secretion

Question 28

The epidermis of the skin is composed of

A) stratified cuboidal epithelium.
B) simple squamous epithelium.
C) stratified squamous epithelium.
D) irregular dense fibrous connective tissue.
E) stratified columnar epithelium.

Question 29

To determine that a type of epithelium is squamous, which of the following is most important?

A) The number of cell layers
B) The shape of most of the epithelial cells
C) The shape of the most superficial epithelial cells
D) The shape of the basal epithelial cells
E) The shape of the basement membrane

Question 30

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the stomach?

A) Simple cuboidal epithelium
B) Simple columnar epithelium
C) Stratified squamous epithelium
D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) Transitional epithelium

Question 31

Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea?

A) Simple cuboidal epithelium
B) Simple columnar epithelium
C) Stratified squamous epithelium
D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) Transitional epithelium

Question 32

What is a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells?

A) Hemidesmosomes
B) Adhesion belt
C) Tight junction
D) Gap junction
E) Desmosomes

Question 33

Epithelium that is primarily secretory in function would most likely be

A) simple squamous.
B) stratified squamous.
C) keratinized columnar.
D) transitional.
E) simple cuboidal.

Question 34

Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have ________.

A) desmosomes
B) gap junctions
C) tight junctions
D) basement junctions
E) intercalated discs

Question 35

The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a ________.

A) hemidesmosome
B) desmosome
C) gap junction
D) intercalated disc
E) tight junction

Question 36

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth?

A) Simple cuboidal epithelium
B) Simple columnar epithelium
C) Stratified squamous epithelium
D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) Transitional epithelium

Question 37

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?

A) Simple cuboidal epithelium
B) Simple columnar epithelium
C) Stratified squamous epithelium
D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) Transitional epithelium

Question 38

Which of the following statements concerning epithelial tissue is false?

A) Secretory epithelial cells are usually cuboidal or columnar in shape.
B) The movement of materials through epithelium is enhanced by simple squamous epithelium.
C) Stratified epithelium is adapted for a protective role.
D) Columnar epithelial cells promote diffusion.
E) Cuboidal epithelium is found in areas where absorption occurs.

Question 39

Which epithelial tissue can be described as "all cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces"?

A) Stratified
B) Transitional
C) Columnar
D) Simple
E) Pseudostratified

Question 40

Structures that function in intercellular communication include ________.

A) desmosomes
B) tight junctions
C) hemidesmosomes
D) gap junctions
E) centrioles

Question 41

Glands whose ducts have no branches are called ________.

A) simple
B) compound
C) acinar
D) alveolar
E) branchless

Question 42

The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly

A) onto the skin surface.
B) into the bloodstream.
C) into a gland duct.
D) into the nervous tissue.
E) into the lumen of a tube.

Question 43

A tissue has the following characteristics: free surface, single layer of cells, cells are narrow and tall, microvilli, many mitochondria, goblet cells. Which of the following is most consistent with those observations?
(1) Active transport
(2) Epithelium
(3) Simple epithelium
(4) Columnar epithelium
(5) Cuboidal epithelium
(6) Squamous epithelium
(7) Secretion by exocytosis
(8) Movement of mucous across its surface

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7
B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 7
C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 8
D) 2, 3, 4, 8
E) 2, 3, 4, 7

Question 44

A gland produces a watery secretion that contains solutes. The secretion also contains a substantial amount of phospholipid. The type of secretory process for this gland is probably ________.

A) merocrine
B) holocrine
C) apocrine
D) endocrine
E) a combination of merocrine and apocrine.

Question 45

A gland with branching ducts that end in acini would be classified as

A) simple acinar.
B) compound acinar.
C) simple branched tubular.
D) multicellular.
E) simple coiled tubular.

Question 46

Which of the following is classified as a holocrine gland?

A) Sweat gland
B) Salivary gland
C) Sebaceous gland
D) Mammary gland
E) Exocrine part of pancreas

Question 47

What is the girdle of glycoproteins just below the tight junction between epithelial cells?

A) Hemidesmosomes
B) Adhesion belt
C) Intercalated disks
D) Gap junction
E) Desmosomes

Question 48

Which type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis to secrete its product?

A) Merocrine
B) Apocrine
C) Holocrine
D) Endocrine
E) Solocrine

Question 49

Unlike an exocrine gland, an endocrine gland

A) is a secretory organ.
B) sheds cells with its secretions.
C) has no ducts.
D) contains goblet cells.
E) secretes to a surface.

Question 50

What is the permeability barrier that joins the plasma membranes of adjacent cells to form a tight seal?

A) Hemidesmosomes
B) Adhesion belt
C) Tight junction
D) Gap junction
E) Desmosomes

Question 51

Which type of gland discharges fragments of the gland's cells during secretion?

A) Exocrine
B) Endocrine
C) Merocrine
D) Apocrine
E) Holocrine

Question 52

Which type of gland does not have ducts?

A) Exocrine
B) Endocrine
C) Merocrine
D) Apocrine
E) Holocrine

Question 53

Which type of gland releases products by secretion into the blood?

A) Exocrine
B) Endocrine
C) Merocrine
D) Apocrine
E) Holocrine

Question 54

A thick, sticky secretion produced by goblet cells is called ________.

A) serous fluid
B) synovial fluid
C) plasma
D) saliva
E) mucus

Question 55

What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane?

A) Hemidesmosomes
B) Adhesion belt
C) Tight junction
D) Gap junction
E) Desmosomes

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?

A) Transport
B) Support
C) Storage
D) Contraction
E) Insulation

Question 57

Which type of gland possesses ducts?

A) Exocrine
B) Endocrine
C) Ectocrine
D) Epicrine
E) Hypocrine

Question 58

Which type of gland accumulates its secretion in the cytoplasm of the cell, the cell then ruptures and becomes part of the secretion?

A) Merocrine
B) Apocrine
C) Holocrine

Question 59

A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it

A) consists of cells with much extracellular material (matrix) between them.
B) has no blood supply to the tissue.
C) covers the outside of organs.
D) is commonly found lining body cavities.
E) contracts.

Question 60

What is a disc-shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another?

A) Hemidesmosomes
B) Adhesion belt
C) Tight junction
D) Gap junction
E) Desmosomes

Question 61

Which type of cell forms protein fibers in connective tissue proper?

A) Osteoblast
B) Osteoclast
C) Osteocyte
D) Fibroblast
E) Chondroblast

Question 62

Which type of cell breaks down bone tissue?

A) Mast cell
B) Adipocyte
C) Osteoclast
D) Stem cell
E) Macrophage

Question 63

Cells that maintain bone are called ________.

A) osteoblasts
B) osteoclasts
C) osteocytes
D) fibroblasts
E) chondroblasts

Question 64

Macrophages are cells specialized for ________.

A) support
B) absorption
C) secretion
D) phagocytosis
E) transport

Question 65

The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are

A) hyaluronic acid, collagen, and reticular fibers.
B) proteoglycan, elastin, and reticular fibers.
C) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
D) proteoglycan, elastin, and hyaluronic acid.
E) chondronectic, osteonectin, and fibronectin.

Question 66

Which type of cell forms cartilage?

A) Osteoblast
B) Osteoclast
C) Osteocyte
D) Fibroblast
E) Chondroblast

Question 67

Which type of cell phagocytizes foreign or injured cells and plays a major role in providing protection against infections?

A) Mast cell
B) Adipocyte
C) Osteoclast
D) Stem cell
E) Macrophage

Question 68

Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers in connective tissues are all considered ________.

A) phospholipids
B) carbohydrates
C) adipose tissue
D) proteins
E) triglycerides

Question 69

Which of the following statements concerning collagen is false?

A) Collagen is a common protein in the body.
B) Collagen is composed of collagen α-chains.
C) Collagen is strong and flexible.
D) Collagen is elastic and stretches.
E) There are at least 20 different types of collagen in the body.

Question 70

Which type of cell contains large amounts of lipids?

A) Mast cell
B) Adipocyte
C) Osteoclast
D) Stem cell
E) Macrophage

Question 71

A long, unbranched polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue is ________.

A) proteoglycan
B) tropocollagen
C) hyaluronic acid
D) chondronectin

Question 72

A coiled fibrous protein in connective tissue that is stretchy is called ________.

A) a reticular fiber
B) proteoglycan
C) elastin
D) collagen
E) hyaluronic acid

Question 73

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue contains ________.

A) adipose
B) plasma
C) serous fluid
D) synoval fluid
E) proteoglycans

Question 74

Which type of cell releases chemicals in response to injury and plays an important role in inflammation?

A) Mast cell
B) Adipocyte
C) Osteoclast
D) Stem cell
E) Macrophage

Question 75

Cells that break down bone are called ________.

A) osteoblasts
B) osteoclasts
C) osteocytes
D) fibroblasts
E) chondroblasts

Question 76

Which type of cell forms bone?

A) Osteoblast
B) Osteoclast
C) Osteocyte
D) Fibroblast
E) Chondroblast

Question 77

A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a ________.

A) fibroclast
B) fibrocyte
C) fibroblast
D) fibroid
E) fibromast

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT an adhesive molecule found in the ground substance of connective tissue?

A) Fibronectin
B) Chondronectin
C) Chondroitin sulfate
D) Osteonectin

Question 79

Which type of cell has the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?

A) Mast cell
B) Adipocyte
C) Osteoclast
D) Stem cell
E) Macrophage

Question 80

Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in

A) yellow bone marrow.
B) brown bone marrow.
C) red bone marrow.
D) white bone marrow.
E) compact bone.