Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

What is the most numerous cell type in the epidermis?

A) Merkel cell
B) dendritic (Langerhans) cell
C) keratinocyte
D) melanocyte

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The epidermis is:

A) keratinized cutaneous membrane.
B) keratinized mucous membrane.
C) nonkeratinized cutaneous membrane.
D) nonkeratinized mucous membrane.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which sensation is NOT detected by the skin?

A) texture
B) equilibrium
C) light touch
D) temperature

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Tommy fell and skinned his knee. The scrape did not bleed. He must have only damaged the:

A) epidermis.
B) subcutaneous layer.
C) hypodermis.
D) dermis.

Question 5

How do nutrients reach the epidermis of the skin?

A) Nutrients migrate in vesicles from the hypodermis into the epidermis.
B) Blood vessels carry nutrients directly into the epidermis.
C) Solute pumping transports nutrients into the epidermis.
D) Diffusion transports nutrients from blood vessels in the dermis into the epidermis.

Question 6

A splinter penetrated into the skin on the palmar surface of the hand. The splinter nearly reached stratum basale of the epidermis. What is the final layer injured by this splinter?

A) stratum granulosum of the epidermis
B) stratum spinosum of the epidermis
C) stratum lucidum of the epidermis
D) stratum corneum of the epidermis

Question 7

Why is vitamin D necessary?

A) Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption from the small intestine.
B) Vitamin D protects the skin from UV radiation.
C) Vitamin D critical for thermoregulation.
D) Vitamin D protects the skin from pathogens.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

A) protection
B) vitamin A synthesis
C) thermoregulation
D) sensation

Question 9

The region of skin that provides a tough barrier against pathogens and trauma is the:

A) epidermis.
B) hypodermis.
C) subcutaneous layer.
D) dermis.

Question 10

From deep to superficial, what is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis?

A) stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum basale
B) stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
C) stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
D) stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum granulosum

Question 11

The most superficial component of the skin is the:

A) hypodermis.
B) loose connective tissue.
C) epidermis.
D) dermis.

Question 12

Subcutaneous injections involve administration of medicine into the:

A) hypodermis.
B) reticular layer of the dermis.
C) papillary layer of the dermis.
D) epidermis.

Question 13

Trauma to stratum basale would NOT interfere with the skin's ability to:

A) produce vitamin D.
B) produce melanin.
C) grow.
D) shed dead cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is an appropriate skin response to cold?

A) dermal blood vessels vasoconstrict
B) sebaceous gland secretions increase
C) vitamin D production increases
D) dermal blood vessels vasodilate

Question 15

What tissue composes the epidermis of the skin?

A) transitional epithelium
B) nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
C) nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium
D) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 16

Under what conditions would the skin produce sweat and experience cutaneous vasodilation?

A) upon exposure to UV radiation
B) due to lack of oxygen
C) upon decrease in body temperature
D) upon increase in body temperature

Question 17

All cells in the epidermis arise from mitotic activity in stratum:

A) granulosum.
B) corneum.
C) basale.
D) lucidum.

Question 18

Skin without keratin would be more likely to:

A) burn upon exposure to the sun.
B) tear upon being mechanically stressed.
C) lose the sensation of touch.
D) be unable to thermoregulate.

Question 19

The main components of the skin are the:

A) epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and the subcutaneous layer.
B) dermis and hypodermis.
C) epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
D) epidermis and dermis.

Question 20

Which of the following occurs if body temperature rises above normal?

A) Evaporative cooling decreases.
B) Sweat gland activity decreases.
C) Blood flow to the dermis increases.
D) The activity of melanocytes increases.

Question 21

Where is thick skin located?

A) face
B) palms
C) elbow
D) buttocks

Question 22

What type of cell junction bands together adjacent cells, making the epidermis stronger?

A) occluding junction
B) desmosome
C) tight junction
D) gap junction

Question 23

Despite the strength of the dermis, it is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn?

A) Tension, or cleavage, lines disappear.
B) Flexure lines appear where the skin has been stressed.
C) The skin will darken due to increased melanin accumulation.
D) Generally permanent stretch marks, or striae, appear.

Question 24

Which of the following is a yellow ^-orange skin pigment?

A) cyanide
B) hemoglobin
C) carotene
D) melanin

Question 25

Thick skin lacks:

A) sweat glands.
B) stratum lucidum.
C) stratum granulosum.
D) hair follicles.

Question 26

How long will it take for a suntan to fade?

A) 20 to 40 days
B) 40 to 50 days
C) 10 to 20 days
D) 5 to 10 days

Question 27

Exposure to UV radiation causes the skin to darken by increasing the production of:

A) hemoglobin.
B) keratin.
C) melanin.
D) collagen.

Question 28

What tissue composes the reticular layer of the dermis?

A) hyaline cartilage.
B) dense regular connective tissue
C) loose connective tissue
D) dense irregular connective tissue

Question 29

Thin skin lacks stratum:

A) spinosum.
B) granulosum.
C) corneum.
D) lucidum.

Question 30

Thomas is deaf, but can feel the vibrations of music through sensory receptors in his skin called:

A) dermal papillae.
B) tactile (Meissner) corpuscles.
C) Merkel cells.
D) lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles.

Question 31

Thin skin contains:

A) the same layers of keratinocytes as thick skin.
B) two more layers of keratinocytes than thick skin.
C) one more layer of keratinocytes than thick skin.
D) one less layer of keratinocytes than thick skin.

Question 32

How do melanocytes and keratinocytes work together to protect the skin from UV damage?

A) Keratinocytes provide the melanocyte with nutrients critical for melanin synthesis.
B) Keratinocytes maintain the appropriate temperature so the melanin will not denature.
C) Keratinocytes accumulate melanin granules to shield the keratinocyte's DNA.
D) Keratinocytes maintain the proper pH for melanocytes to synthesize melanin granules.

Question 33

Melanin is produced upon exposure to:

A) wind.
B) cold.
C) UV radiation.
D) heat.

Question 34

Where are blood vessels housed that nourish the epidermis?

A) the reticular layer of the dermis
B) stratum basale of the epidermis
C) lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles
D) dermal papillae

Question 35

A callus may develop when both thin and thick skin are subjected to repeated pressure. Which layer of the epidermis develops the callus?

A) stratum lucidum
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum basale
D) stratum corneum

Question 36

Jill is blind and often uses braille to read her school assignments. What cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis helps her discriminate between the textured dots?

A) melanocyte
B) keratinocyte
C) dendritic (Langerhans) cell
D) Merkel cell

Question 37

Which of the following cells is associated with the dermis?

A) dendritic (Langerhans) cell
B) keratinocyte
C) fibroblast
D) melanocyte

Question 38

The most superficial layer of the dermis is the:

A) reticular layer.
B) stratum basale.
C) hypodermis.
D) papillary layer.

Question 39

We have unique patterns on our fingers, toes, palms, and soles created by:

A) epidermal ridges.
B) dendritic (Langerhans) cells.
C) cleavage lines.
D) Merkel cells.

Question 40

Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by prominent cytoplasmic granules in the cells?

A) stratum granulosum
B) stratum corneum
C) stratum lucidum
D) stratum spinosum

Question 41

The cuticle around a nail is the:

A) lunula.
B) hyponychium.
C) perinychium.
D) eponychium.

Question 42

For a male post ^-puberty, the majority of vellus hairs have transitioned to:

A) lanugo.
B) arrector pili muscles.
C) terminal hairs.
D) white hairs.

Question 43

What do vellus hairs lack?

A) pigment
B) cuticle
C) cortex
D) keratin

Question 44

Mammary glands are specialized:

A) sebaceous glands.
B) holocrine glands.
C) ceruminous glands.
D) sweat glands.

Question 45

Eccrine glands produce:

A) sebum.
B) sweat containing mostly water.
C) cerumen.
D) hormones.

Question 46

Why are eyelashes shorter than terminal hairs on the scalp?

A) the vascular supply of the eyebrow follicle is much less than that of the hair follicle on the scalp
B) hormones in the eyebrow follicle turn off growth after it has reached a predetermined length
C) the growth stage of an eyelash is shorter
D) eyelashes grow slower than terminal hairs

Question 47

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from:

A) keratinocytes in stratum corneum.
B) keratinocytes in stratum basale.
C) keratinocytes in stratum spinosum.
D) melanocytes.

Question 48

What symptom distinguishes a second ^-degree from a third ^-degree burn?

A) presence of blisters associated with the third ^-degree burn
B) lack of initial pain associated with the third ^-degree burn
C) presence of significant pain initially with the third ^-degree burn
D) presence of erythema associated with the third ^-degree burn

Question 49

Humans often purchase antiperspirants and deodorants to suppress and mask the odors of secretions from the:

A) apocrine glands.
B) eccrine glands.
C) sebaceous glands.
D) mammary glands.

Question 50

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a:

A) first ^-degree burn.
B) partial ^-thickness burn.
C) second ^-degree burn.
D) third ^-degree burn.

Question 51

What do dead keratinized cells form?

A) hair root
B) hair bulb
C) hair shaft
D) arrector pili muscle

Question 52

The nail body covers the:

A) lunula.
B) nail root.
C) nail bed.
D) cuticle.

Question 53

What does cyanosis signify?

A) A person has been exposed to cyanide.
B) A person has oxygen ^-starved skin.
C) A person has been kept out of the sun.
D) A person has been exposed to too much sun.

Question 54

What stands hairs on end, causing piloerection?

A) dermal papillae
B) epidermal ridges
C) epithelial root sheath
D) arrector pili muscle

Question 55

What part of the hair dies in response to hormones, such as testosterone, in male pattern baldness?

A) hair cortex
B) hair medulla
C) hair matrix
D) hair follicle

Question 56

What stimulates the secretion of sebum?

A) high temperatures
B) low temperatures
C) UV radiation
D) sex hormones

Question 57

Nail production occurs at the nail:

A) body.
B) cuticle.
C) bed.
D) root.

Question 58

Exercise often makes the skin flush red, a condition known as:

A) pallor.
B) cyanosis.
C) jaundice.
D) erythema.

Question 59

The rule of nines is used to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by:

A) melanin.
B) basal cell carcinoma.
C) burns.
D) malignant melanoma.

Question 60

A patient arrives in your clinic with a sunburn that affects the epidermis only. Her skin appears red and is mildly painful. You believe she has a:

A) third ^-degree burn.
B) fourth ^-degree burn.
C) first ^-degree burn.
D) second ^-degree burn.

Question 61

Cerumen, produced by modified apocrine glands, lines the ear canal to lubricate the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and trap incoming particles before they reach the membrane.

Question 62

Match the following information with the skin image.

Keratinocytes make up most of this skin layer.

Question 63

Hairs grow from cells in the matrix of the root that are still undergoing keratinization.

Question 64

Stratum lucidum is found in all types of skin covering the entire body.

Question 65

The ABCDE rule divides the body into 11 areas, each representing 9% of the total body surface area to estimate the percent of the body affected by burns.

Question 66

Match the following information with the skin image.

Arrector pili muscle

Question 67

Match the following information with the skin image.

Loose and dense connective tissues are located in this skin layer.

Question 68

The papillary layer of the dermis consists of loose connective tissue that is built for warmth and insulation.

Question 69

Subcutaneous injections are placed into the hypodermis beneath the skin.

Question 70

Match the following information with the skin image.

Gland that contributes to thermoregulation

Question 71

The ABCDE rule is used to distinguish normal moles from:

A) melanoma.
B) freckles.
C) squamous cell carcinoma.
D) basal cell carcinoma.

Question 72

Match the following information with the skin image.

Epidermis

Question 73

Match the following information with the skin image.

Gland that produces a moist, hydrophobic secretion

Question 74

Carotene and hemoglobin are two minor skin pigments that contribute to skin color.

Question 75

Vesicles known as melanosomes are taken into the cytosol of keratinocytes by endocytosis. The melanosome is transported to the superficial side of the keratinocyte to shield its nucleus.

Question 76

Extreme stretching of the reticular layer of the dermis results in tension, or cleavage, lines.

Question 77

The rule of nines is used to distinguish the various types of skin cancers from one another.

Question 78

Match the following information with the skin image.

Sweat gland

Question 79

Thermoreceptors detect temperature changes in the skin and internal body fluids.

Question 80

Skin pigmentation is provided by Merkel cells.