Deck 4: Histology

Question 1

Which of the following epithelia can be keratinized?

A) simple columnar epithelium
B) transitional epithelium
C) stratified squamous epithelium
D) stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What component of ground substance adheres cells to their places within the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

A) proteoglycans
B) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
C) hyaluronic acid
D) glycoproteins

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What general tissue type binds, supports, and protects the body?

A) nervous
B) muscle
C) connective
D) epithelial

Answer 3

C

Question 4

How are epithelial tissues classified?

A) Epithelium is classified as either voluntary or involuntary.
B) Epithelium is classified by the presence or absence of ECM.
C) Epithelium is classified by the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells.
D) Epithelium is classified as either loose or dense.

Question 5

Which statement best describes epithelial tissue?

A) Paracellular or transcellular transport moves substances across simple epithelia.
B) Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized.
C) Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high mechanical abrasion.
D) Stratified epithelia are associated with diffusion, osmosis, and filtration.

Question 6

Simple squamous epithelium is found lining the:

A) nasal cavity.
B) uterine tubes of a female.
C) urinary bladder.
D) air sacs of the lungs.

Question 7

Cells in the epidermis of the skin need to be held tightly together so that an impermeable barrier to fluids is created. What type of junction performs this function?

A) tight junction
B) intercalated disc
C) gap junction
D) desmosome

Question 8

The free surface of an epithelial tissue is the:

A) basement membrane.
B) reticular lamina.
C) basal lamina.
D) apical surface.

Question 9

Where is simple columnar epithelium located?

A) forming the air sacs of the lungs
B) lining of the nasal cavity
C) lining of the small intestine
D) lining the esophagus

Question 10

Keratinized, dead cells are associated with:

A) simple columnar epithelium.
B) stratified squamous epithelium.
C) simple squamous epithelium.
D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Question 11

Histology is the study of:

A) atoms.
B) diseases.
C) cells.
D) tissues.

Question 12

The tissue pictured in this figure is:

A) composed of a single layer of columnar cells appearing stratified.
B) composed of two layers of columnar cells.
C) composed of multiple layers of columnar cells.
D) composed of two layers of cuboidal cells.

Question 13

You examine a tissue slide through the microscope and recognize one layer of cells that are mostly tall and elongated. You determine this tissue to be:

A) simple squamous epithelium.
B) stratified columnar epithelium.
C) simple columnar epithelium.
D) simple cuboidal epithelium.

Question 14

What type of protein fiber, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, is extensible?

A) keratin
B) elastic
C) collagen
D) reticular

Question 15

Tissues are structurally more complex than:

A) organs.
B) organ systems.
C) cells.
D) organisms.

Question 16

What type of cell junction would most likely prevent water from flowing between our cells?

A) tight junctions
B) desmosomes
C) glycoproteins
D) gap junctions

Question 17

What protein makes stratified epithelial tissues resistant to friction?

A) collagen
B) reticular
C) elastic
D) keratin

Question 18

Protein channels that are situated between cells create small pores for the passage of small substances are known as:

A) gap junctions.
B) tight junctions.
C) occluding junctions.
D) desmosomes.

Question 19

The general type of tissue with an apical surface and a basement membrane is:

A) epithelial.
B) muscle.
C) nervous.
D) connective.

Question 20

Simple cuboidal epithelium is built for:

A) prevention of water loss through the skin.
B) distensibility.
C) protection from mechanical stresses.
D) absorption or secretion.

Question 21

Which organ system is lined by transitional epithelium to accommodate stretching?

A) urinary system
B) muscular system
C) respiratory system
D) digestive system

Question 22

Bone, or osseous, tissue provides protection for our vital organs since the inorganic ground substance is:

A) calcium and phosphate crystals.
B) collagen fibers.
C) mostly water, dissolved solutes, and proteins.
D) both collagen and elastic fibers.

Question 23

Connective tissues proper (or general connective tissues) produce collagen fibers using cells known as:

A) adipocytes.
B) fibroblasts.
C) phagocytes.
D) mast cells.

Question 24

Cells that ingest foreign substances, microorganisms, and dead and damaged cells are:

A) fibroblasts.
B) adipocytes.
C) phagocytes.
D) mast cells.

Question 25

What type of secretion involves the release of substances, such as saliva and sweat, in secretory vesicles by exocytosis?

A) endocrine
B) apocrine
C) merocrine
D) holocrine

Question 26

What cell is responsible for mucus secretion?

A) fibroblast
B) goblet cell
C) mast cell
D) adipocyte

Question 27

The epidermis of the skin serves as a barrier to mechanical stresses and protects us from microorganisms. What tissue do you think forms the epidermis?

A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) stratified squamous epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
D) simple squamous epithelium

Question 28

The major energy reserve in the body is found stored as fat in:

A) areolar connective tissue.
B) reticular tissue.
C) adipose tissue.
D) fibrocartilage.

Question 29

Brown adipose tissue is found in:

A) adolescents.
B) infants and young children.
C) males of any age.
D) adults.

Question 30

Immature cells that actively divide by mitosis and create most of the ECM of cartilage are:

A) fibroblasts.
B) chondrocytes.
C) chondroblasts.
D) osteoblasts.

Question 31

Which of the following is composed of multiple layers of cells?

A) simple squamous epithelium
B) simple columnar epithelium
C) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D) transitional epithelium

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a location of reticular tissue?

A) tendons
B) bone marrow
C) lymph nodes
D) spleen

Question 33

Seventy ^-year ^-old Jerry should NOT expect regeneration of worn, damaged:

A) bones.
B) epithelium.
C) fat.
D) cartilage.

Question 34

What statement best describes dense regular collagenous connective tissue?

A) Dense regular collagenous connective tissue contains parallel bundles of elastic fibers.
B) Dense regular collagenous connective tissue contains bundles of collagen fibers arranged haphazardly.
C) Dense regular collagenous connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments.
D) Dense regular collagenous connective tissue is found in the dermis of the skin.

Question 35

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as:

A) exocrine.
B) ceruminous.
C) endocrine.
D) sebaceous.

Question 36

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to:

A) skin.
B) blood.
C) fat.
D) bone.

Question 37

What type of large, multinucleated cell destroys bone?

A) chondroblast
B) osteoblast
C) osteocyte
D) osteoclast

Question 38

Which of the following is constructed of elastic cartilage?

A) external ear
B) fetal skeleton
C) nose
D) intervertebral discs

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue proper?

A) hyaline cartilage
B) dense regular connective tissue
C) adipose tissue
D) areolar connective tissue

Question 40

What fibers are common in this tissue?

A) reticular only
B) collagen only
C) both elastic and some reticular
D) both elastic and some collagen

Question 41

Which of the following is a more complex structure than a tissue?

A) fiber
B) organ
C) macromolecule
D) cell

Question 42

A patient is diagnosed with mesothelioma. This cancer affects the:

A) synovial membranes.
B) cutaneous membranes.
C) mucous membranes.
D) serous membranes.

Question 43

What provides a hard, continuous surface for the epidermis of the cutaneous membrane?

A) keratin
B) cilia
C) collagen
D) mucus

Question 44

The permanent replacement of normal tissue by scar tissue is called:

A) apoptosis.
B) necrosis.
C) fibrosis.
D) inflammation.

Question 45

What do skeletal and cardiac muscle cells share in common?

A) branched cells
B) intercalated discs situated between cells
C) striations
D) multinucleate cells

Question 46

Synovial membranes:

A) are hard due to the presence of keratin.
B) line the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal body cavities.
C) line the passages of hollow organs that open to the outside of the body.
D) line the cavities surrounding freely movable joints.

Question 47

Striated, multinucleate cells are commonly found in:

A) cardiac muscle tissue.
B) skeletal muscle tissue.
C) smooth muscle tissue.
D) both smooth and cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 48

A serous membrane contains a superficial layer of epithelial tissue and a deeper layer of connective tissue. Thus, serous membranes are classified as:

A) organs.
B) tissues.
C) amitotic.
D) avascular.

Question 49

Which of the following is the inner part of a serous membrane that covers the lungs?

A) visceral pleura
B) lamina propria
C) synovial membrane
D) parietal pleura

Question 50

What type of membrane lines cavities that open to the outside of the body?

A) serous membrane
B) mucous membrane
C) cutaneous membrane
D) synovial membrane

Question 51

What happens to epithelial tissue damaged from a superficial paper cut?

A) Epithelial tissue is replaced by dense irregular connective tissue.
B) Epithelial tissue heals by regeneration.
C) Epithelial tissue heals by fibrosis.
D) Epithelial tissue is replaced by scar tissue.

Question 52

Why are damaged neurons usually not replaced?

A) Neurons are excitable cells.
B) Neurons are supported by neuroglial cells.
C) Neurons are amitotic.
D) Neurons are voluntarily controlled by the brain.

Question 53

What lubricates movable joints such as the hip, knee, and elbow?

A) serous fluid
B) saliva
C) mucus
D) synovial fluid

Question 54

Striations are a structural feature associated with some:

A) muscle cells.
B) neurons.
C) fibroblasts.
D) adipocytes.

Question 55

Cells that generate, conduct, and receive electrical messages are:

A) neurons.
B) soma.
C) neuroglial cells.
D) dendrites.

Question 56

What part of a neuron conducts electrical signals away from the cell body?

A) axon
B) neuroglial cell
C) soma
D) dendrite

Question 57

Name this tissue.

A) cardiac muscle tissue
B) smooth muscle tissue
C) dense irregular connective tissue
D) skeletal muscle tissue

Question 58

What type of blood cell transports oxygen throughout the body?

A) erythrocyte
B) osteoblast
C) platelet
D) leukocyte

Question 59

Where is cardiac muscle tissue located?

A) attached to bones
B) tendons and ligaments
C) ducts of certain glands
D) heart

Question 60

The ECM of blood is known as:

A) bone marrow.
B) osteoid.
C) plasma.
D) lacunae.

Question 61

What functional advantage is there for skeletal muscle cells to be multinucleate?

Question 62

List the six types of connective tissue proper.

Question 63

Determine and describe the type of cell junction that links cells so tightly that the spaces between them are impermeable to the passage of macromolecules.

Question 64

Would you expect scar tissue to be found in bone? Explain.

Question 65

Heather damaged cartilage in her joint while exercising. She learned that she will have to wait a few months before returning to physical activity. Discuss why cartilage, in general, is slow to heal.

Question 66

Describe the two criteria by which epithelial tissues are classified.

Question 67

Fibrosis results in the formation of a type of:

A) loose connective tissue.
B) adipose tissue.
C) dense irregular connective tissue.
D) dense regular collagenous connective tissue.

Question 68

Explain why a severe heart attack (myocardial infarction) has left Mr. Rodriguez's heart muscle weakened.

Question 69

Describe the three types of protein fibers common to the extracellular matrix of tissues.

Question 70

Describe how endocrine and exocrine glands differ structurally.

Question 71

Why is blood a unique type of connective tissue?

Question 72

Rick learned his elbow pain results from a damaged tendon. Identify and describe the type of tissue that forms tendons.

Question 73

How do neurons and neuroglial cells differ in their functions as part of nervous tissue?

Question 74

Explain how you distinguish between dense regular collagenous connective tissue and dense irregular connective tissue if viewing these tissues through a microscope.

Question 75

Through the microscope, you notice a tissue that has an apical surface, multiple layers, and flattened cells near the apical surface. Determine both the general and specific type of tissue you have observed and explain how you came to your conclusion.

Question 76

What function do intercalated discs serve in cardiac muscle tissue?

Question 77

Mrs. Lee has been diagnosed with pleurisy affecting the pleura surrounding her lungs. Determine the type of membrane affected and describe its structure.

Question 78

Is pseudostratified columnar epithelium a simple tissue or a stratified tissue? Explain.

Question 79

Explain why fibrocartilage is structurally well ^-suited to its function.

Question 80

A tissue is more likely to heal by regeneration if it:

A) possesses stem cells.
B) is amitotic.
C) lacks satellite cells.
D) is avascular.