Deck 14: The Autonomic Nervous System Homeostasis

Question 1

After eating a large meal, Mr. Davis felt sleepy. Which nervous system dominates?

A) parasympathetic nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
C) systemic nervous system
D) sympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

A

Question 2

As Lisa drove home, she was suddenly alerted to the sound of a blaring horn and realized she had drifted off to sleep. Which nervous system division dominated when she was startled awake?

A) parasympathetic nervous system
B) sensory nervous system
C) somatic nervous system
D) sympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Autonomic motor neurons do NOT innervate:

A) skeletal muscle cells.
B) cardiac muscle cells.
C) glands.
D) smooth muscle cells.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following innervates target cells or organs of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

A) somatic motor neuron
B) postganglionic neuron
C) autonomic ganglion
D) preganglionic neuron

Question 5

Which nervous system division works antagonistically to the sympathetic nervous system?

A) somatic nervous system
B) central nervous system
C) sensory nervous system
D) parasympathetic nervous system

Question 6

Where are the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located?

A) cranial nerves and the lumbar region of the spinal cord
B) cervical region and sacral region of the spinal cord
C) cranial nerves and the sacral region of the spinal cord
D) thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord

Question 7

Control of skeletal muscle is the responsibility of:

A) a postganglionic neuron.
B) a preganglionic neuron.
C) an autonomic ganglion.
D) a somatic motor neuron.

Question 8

Gene's parachute did not open when he jumped out of the airplane. He injured his back in the thoracic and lumbar regions, damaging the autonomic ganglia found close to his spinal cord. What neurons did he likely damage?

A) somatic motor neurons
B) sympathetic preganglionic neurons
C) parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
D) sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Question 9

What is found between the preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron of a visceral reflex arc?

A) autonomic ganglion
B) target cell
C) central nervous system (CNS)
D) spinal cord

Question 10

Sally sustained damage to some autonomic ganglia. What part of the visceral reflex arc is interrupted?

A) motor response in a target cell
B) integration
C) sensory reception
D) initiation of a motor impulse in the central nervous system (CNS)

Question 11

Where does the cell body of the preganglionic neuron originate?

A) peripheral nervous system (PNS)
B) target cell
C) central nervous system (CNS)
D) postganglionic neuron

Question 12

What neurotransmitter is released by the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron to communicate with the sympathetic postganglionic neuron?

A) norepinephrine
B) adrenalin
C) epinephrine
D) acetylcholine

Question 13

What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems share in common?

A) Both systems have short preganglionic neurons and long postganglionic neurons.
B) Both systems trigger the same motor response in target organs.
C) Both systems are called the "rest and digest" division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
D) Both systems are divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 14

Somatic motor neurons innervate:

A) cardiac muscle cells.
B) glands.
C) smooth muscle cells.
D) skeletal muscle cells.

Question 15

Visceral reflex arcs do NOT control:

A) voluntary muscle functions.
B) heart rate.
C) digestion.
D) blood pressure.

Question 16

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) includes the vagus nerves, which innervate the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

A) sympathetic nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) sensory nervous system

Question 17

A drug that inhibits the release of norepinephrine will have the ^greatest affect on:

A) skeletal muscle cells.
B) preganglionic neurons.
C) somatic motor neurons.
D) autonomic target cells.

Question 18

What do the white rami communicantes contain?

A) preganglionic sympathetic neurons
B) postganglionic sympathetic neurons
C) sympathetic chain ganglia
D) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Question 19

Where within the spinal cord do the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons originate?

A) lateral horns of the cervical and sacral spinal cord
B) lateral horns of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
C) posterior horns of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
D) anterior horns of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

Question 20

Where are autonomic ganglia located?

A) peripheral nervous system (PNS)
B) spinal cord
C) central nervous system (CNS)
D) brain

Question 21

If a drug is administered to block the heart's adrenergic receptors, how is heart rate affected during exercise?

A) The drug has no effect on heart rate during exercise.
B) Heart rate will increase in response to the drug.
C) The heart will stop beating.
D) Heart rate will be unable to increase in response to exercise.

Question 22

The adrenal medulla serve to supplement the:

A) sympathetic nervous system.
B) parasympathetic nervous system.
C) both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
D) somatic nervous system.

Question 23

Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as:

A) cholinergic.
B) nicotinic.
C) muscarinic.
D) adrenergic.

Question 24

Drugs known as beta ^-blockers may be useful in treating:

A) a fast heart rate.
B) asthma.
C) benign prostatic hyperplasia.
D) opiate withdrawal.

Question 25

Which drug binds receptors on the smooth muscle of airways and causes bronchodilation?

A) a₁ ^-blocker (antagonist)
B) a₂ ^-agonist
C) beta ^-blocker (antagonist)
D) fi₂ ^-agonist

Question 26

Which nervous system dilates the pupils and allows more light to enter the eyes?

A) sensory nervous system
B) parasympathetic nervous system
C) sympathetic nervous system
D) somatic nervous system

Question 27

Which neurotransmitter ensures skeletal muscles receive the supply of nutrients needed to make ATP by stimulating the release of more fatty acids and glucose into the blood stream?

A) aldosterone
B) epinephrine
C) norepinephrine
D) acetylcholine

Question 28

Which receptor hyperpolarizes the axon terminal to slow or cancel the action potential when norepinephrine binds?

A) fi₃ receptor
B) fi₂ receptor
C) a₂ receptor
D) a₁ receptor

Question 29

What receptor present on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels binds norepinephrine?

A) a₁ receptor
B) a₂ receptor
C) fi₁ receptor
D) fi₂ receptor

Question 30

What effect does a fi₂ agonist have on the diameter of respiratory passages?

A) The diameter of the respiratory passageways will decrease first, and then increase.
B) The diameter of the respiratory passageways will decrease.
C) The diameter of the respiratory passageways will increase.
D) The drug will have no effect on passageway diameter.

Question 31

A drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac muscle cells. This drug probably binds to:

A) nicotonic cholinergic receptors.
B) a₁ receptors.
C) fi₂ receptors.
D) fi₁ receptors.

Question 32

Receptors that bind acetylcholine are known as:

A) beta.
B) cholinergic.
C) adrenergic.
D) alpha.

Question 33

The axons of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are:

A) situated within terminal ganglia.
B) long.
C) short.
D) found close to the spinal cord.

Question 34

A drug known as a beta ^-blocker should primarily affect:

A) dilation of the pupils.
B) sweating.
C) bronchodilation.
D) heart rate.

Question 35

Stimulation of a₁ receptors by norepinephrine results in:

A) sweating.
B) vasoconstriction.
C) vasodilation.
D) bronchodilation.

Question 36

During sympathetic nervous system activity, what is NOT an effect of norepinephrine?

A) the pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon
B) lipids are broken down from adipocytes
C) glucose is broken down from glycogen
D) blood glucose levels decrease

Question 37

To increase sweat production from sweat glands, acetylcholine binds:

A) nicotinic receptors.
B) adrenergic receptors.
C) beta receptors.
D) muscarinic receptors.

Question 38

What best characterizes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) The parasympathetic nervous system is the "fight or flight" system.
B) The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for emergency situations.
C) The parasympathetic nervous system maintains homeostasis when the body is at rest.
D) The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for physical activity.

Question 39

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as:

A) alpha receptors.
B) adrenergic receptors.
C) cholinergic receptors.
D) beta receptors.

Question 40

What two systems are interfaced by the adrenal medulla?

A) parasympathetic nervous system and endocrine system
B) sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system
C) somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
D) parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system

Question 41

What does the vagus nerve (CN X) innervate?

A) adipocytes
B) sweat glands
C) blood vessels
D) cardiac muscle cells

Question 42

What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on heart rate and blood pressure?

A) increases heart rate and blood pressure
B) no effect on heart rate and blood pressure
C) at first decreases, then increases heart rate and blood pressure
D) decreases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 43

Damage to the splanchnic nerves would affect functioning of the:

A) lungs.
B) eye.
C) urinary bladder.
D) heart.

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) increased sweat secretion
B) decreased heart rate
C) constriction of the pupil
D) bronchoconstriction

Question 45

Which system works opposite to the sympathetic nervous system?

A) parasympathetic nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
C) central nervous system
D) sensory nervous system

Question 46

What part of the brain largely controls homeostatic functions?

A) hypothalamus
B) occipital lobe
C) pineal gland
D) cerebellum

Question 47

Decreased parasympathetic stimulation could cause:

A) a dry mouth.
B) frequent urination.
C) a slow heart rate.
D) bronchodilation.

Question 48

Which blood vessels are innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) vessels of the respiratory system
B) vessels of the digestive system
C) vessels of the urinary system
D) vessels of the penis

Question 49

Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
B) vagus nerve (CN X)
C) oculomotor nerve (CN III)
D) facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 50

Which plexus is NOT served by the vagus nerve?

A) pulmonary plexus
B) esophageal plexus
C) brachial plexus
D) cardiac plexus

Question 51

Maddie planned to go for a swim after dinner. But, after a large meal, she decided to rest rather than swim. What neurotransmitter promotes rest by binding muscarinic receptors after her meal?

A) adrenalin
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) epinephrine

Question 52

Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system located?

A) close to the brain
B) close to the spinal cord
C) near the cells or organ being innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
D) near the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron

Question 53

Most organs are innervated from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, referred to as:

A) parasympathetic tone
B) sympathetic tone
C) antagonism
D) dual innervation

Question 54

What is responsible for keeping blood vessels partially constricted at all times?

A) sympathetic tone
B) cerebral cortex control
C) parasympathetic tone
D) somatic control

Question 55

What neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons at their synapses?

A) epinephrine
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) both epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 56

What type of receptor is located in the membranes of all parasympathetic target cells?

A) muscarinic receptor
B) alpha receptor
C) nicotinic receptor
D) beta receptor

Question 57

The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the eye for:

A) distance vision.
B) near vision.
C) age ^-related deterioration.
D) changing light levels.

Question 58

Due to an accident, Lori's sacral nerves are severed. What do you expect to be affected by this injury?

A) heart and lungs
B) blood pressure and heart rate
C) production of saliva
D) urinary bladder and the last portion of the large intestine

Question 59

What organ is served by the parasympathetic sacral nerves?

A) lungs
B) last portion of the large intestine
C) heart
D) esophagus

Question 60

Which nervous system usually maintains a heart rate of 72 beats per minute?

A) parasympathetic nervous system
B) central nervous system
C) sympathetic nervous system
D) somatic nervous system

Question 61

Determine the effects of norepinephrine when its binds receptors on blood vessels serving smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells.

Question 62

Alpha and beta receptors are classified as cholinergic receptors.

Question 63

The reticular formation can only function with input from the hypothalamus.

Question 64

Pauline takes a medication known as a fi ^-blocker to decrease the rate and force of
contraction of her heart. Predict the neurotransmitter this medication prevents from
binding and determine the specific type of fi receptor being blocked by this medication.

Question 65

The basic function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to maintain homeostasis when the body is at rest.

Question 66

Sympathetic chain ganglia extend from the superior cervical ganglion to the inferior sacral ganglion.

Question 67

The parasympathetic nervous system is often known as the "rest and digest" division of the ANS.

Question 68

Ejaculation is accomplished by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 69

Briefly explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system in maintaining homeostasis.

Question 70

Explain the three places where a preganglionic sympathetic neuron may synapse with a postganglionic sympathetic neuron.

Question 71

Most organs experience dual innervation from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question 72

The sympathetic nervous system, or craniosacral division, involves four cranial nerves and sacral nerves S₂ ^- S₄.

Question 73

Explain where the cell bodies of the preganglionic neuron and the postganglionic neuron are located in the autonomic motor pathway.

Question 74

The somatic motor division consists of somatic motor neurons that innervate cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle cells.

Question 75

Acetylcholine binds a₁ receptors on the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels serving the organs of the digestive, urinary, and integumentary systems and causes them to contract.

Question 76

The sympathetic nervous system has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons, with the sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord.

Question 77

Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release acetylcholine at their synapses.

Question 78

Explain why the sympathetic nervous system is often call the "fight or flight" division of the ANS.

Question 79

List the two classes of sympathetic receptors and the neurotransmitter(s) each binds.

Question 80

Discuss the target cells of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.