Deck 12: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

Which description best matches the location of white matter?

A) In the spinal cord, white matter is deep while cerebral white matter is superficial.
B) In both the brain and spinal cord, white matter is superficial.
C) In the spinal cord, white matter is superficial while cerebral white matter is deep.
D) In both the brain and spinal cord, white matter is deep.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The cerebellum functions in:

A) learning, memory, and personality.
B) the planning and coordination of movement.
C) homeostatic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
D) biological rhythms.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

An elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as a:

A) gyrus.
B) furrow.
C) fissure.
D) sulcus.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which lobe is situated posteriorly in each cerebral hemisphere?

A) occipital
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) frontal

Question 5

The primary motor cortex of the right cerebral hemisphere:

A) integrates senses from multiple different sources.
B) receives and processes sensory input.
C) controls the motor activity on the right side of the body.
D) controls the motor activity on the left side of the body.

Question 6

What information is received by the primary vestibular cortex?

A) vision
B) taste
C) hearing
D) equilibrium

Question 7

What is NOT part of the cerebrum?

A) frontal lobe
B) brainstem
C) insula
D) parietal lobe

Question 8

Where are color, object movement, and depth processed?

A) premotor cortex
B) auditory association cortex
C) precentral gyrus
D) visual association areas

Question 9

Bundles of white matter in the cerebrum are known as:

A) nerves.
B) ganglia.
C) tracts.
D) nuclei.

Question 10

What results when the corpus callosum is cut?

A) communication between a cerebral cortex in one hemisphere with other areas of the same hemisphere would be impaired
B) communication within a single brain hemisphere would be impaired
C) communication between the brain and spinal cord would be impaired
D) communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres would be impaired

Question 11

Select the letter that represents the location of the primary motor cortex.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 12

The brainstem connects the brain and the:

A) eyes.
B) cerebellum.
C) spinal cord.
D) ventricles.

Question 13

The majority of the cerebral cortex is:

A) fiber tracts.
B) cerebellum.
C) white matter.
D) neocortex.

Question 14

What are the three primary brain vesicles that form from the neural tube?

A) midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
B) mesencephalon, telencephalon, diencephalon
C) forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
D) brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum

Question 15

What best describes the Broca's area?

A) Broca's area is usually found in the right cerebral hemisphere.
B) Broca's area is housed in the temporal and parietal lobes.
C) Broca's area is a premotor area for speech sounds.
D) Broca's area houses personality, decorum, and behavior.

Question 16

What is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe?

A) primary somatosensory cortex
B) primary visual cortex
C) auditory association area
D) primary auditory cortex

Question 17

In 1848, Phineas Gage sustained a brain injury when an iron rod pierced through his left prefrontal cerebral cortex. What do you think was the result?

A) Gage was unable to move the right side of his body.
B) Gage's personality, behavior, and psychological state changed.
C) Gage was unable to produce language.
D) Gage was unable to understand language.

Question 18

What brain region is responsible for learning, memory, and personality?

A) cerebrum
B) cerebellum
C) brainstem
D) diencephalon

Question 19

What secondary brain vesicles form from the forebrain?

A) metencephalon and mesencephalon
B) diencephalon and telencephalon
C) metencephalon and myelencephalon
D) telencephalon and metencephalon

Question 20

What is the correct pathway of development of the cerebellum?

A) neural tube, forebrain, telencephalon, cerebellum
B) neural tube, midbrain, mesencephalon, cerebellum
C) neural tube, diencephalon, cerebellum
D) neural tube, hindbrain, metencephalon, cerebellum

Question 21

Which meninx touches the brain?

A) subarachnoid space
B) pia mater
C) arachnoid mater
D) dura mater

Question 22

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by ________ and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulations into _.

A) dural sinuses; ependymal cells
B) astrocytes; ependymal cells
C) choroid plexuses; dural sinuses
D) the cerebral aqueduct; arachnoid villi

Question 23

Todd was startled when the door slammed shut. What part of the brainstem is responsible?

A) thalamus
B) pons
C) midbrain
D) medulla

Question 24

What is NOT a function of the reticular formation?

A) pain transmission
B) memory
C) breathing
D) sleep

Question 25

Damage to the substantia nigra of the midbrain would be indicated by problems with:

A) heart rate.
B) sense of smell.
C) respiration.
D) movement.

Question 26

Which of the following should NOT cross the blood ^-brain barrier with ease?

A) lipid ^-based molecules
B) glucose
C) large, polar molecules
D) carbon dioxide

Question 27

What would NOT lead to hydrocephalus?

A) deficient CSF production
B) excessive CSF production
C) not enough CSF reabsorbed by the arachnoid granulations
D) blockage of CSF circulation

Question 28

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through the:

A) dura mater.
B) blood ^-brain barrier.
C) pia mater.
D) subarachnoid space.

Question 29

In what dura mater fold is the superior sagittal sinus located?

A) tentorium cerebri
B) tentorium cerebelli
C) falx cerebri
D) falx cerebelli

Question 30

What type of fiber carries information from the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere to the occipital lobe of the same cerebral hemisphere?

A) projection fibers
B) corpus callosum
C) commissural fibers
D) association fibers

Question 31

The hippocampus and amygdala are parts of the:

A) reticular formation.
B) globus pallidus.
C) limbic system.
D) caudate nucleus.

Question 32

The hypothalamus functions in:

A) sending information to the cerebral cortex.
B) coordinating movement.
C) regulating the autonomic nervous system.
D) secreting a hormone called melatonin.

Question 33

Astrocytes and tight junctions create a barrier to viruses and bacteria known as:

A) dural sinuses.
B) the blood ^-brain barrier.
C) choroid plexues.
D) meninges.

Question 34

What portion of the brainstem blends with the spinal cord after passing through the foramen magnum?

A) hypothalamus
B) pons
C) midbrain
D) medulla oblongata

Question 35

What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior?

A) anterolateral system
B) medial lemniscal system
C) peripheral nervous system
D) limbic system

Question 36

The thalamus receives information from all of the following afferent fibers EXCEPT for the sense of:

A) vision.
B) smell.
C) hearing.
D) taste.

Question 37

The white matter of the cerebellum is known as:

A) cerebellar cortex.
B) arbor vitae.
C) folia.
D) vermis.

Question 38

What is NOT part of the diencephalon?

A) thalamus
B) hypothalamus
C) epithalamus
D) medulla oblongata

Question 39

What is housed in the pyramidal tracts of the medulla oblongata?

A) lower motor neurons of the corticospinal tract
B) upper sensory neurons of the corticospinal tract
C) upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tract
D) lower sensory neurons of the corticospinal tract

Question 40

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the third ventricle will drain into the:

A) fourth ventricle.
B) lateral ventricles.
C) dural sinus.
D) choroid plexus.

Question 41

The hole in the spinal cord through which CSF flows is the:

A) central canal.
B) vertebral foramen.
C) intervertebral foramen.
D) anterior median fissure.

Question 42

What part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain?

A) corticospinal tract
B) posterior column
C) anterolateral system
D) spinocerebellar tract

Question 43

The spinal cord lacks a portion of the dura mater known as the:

A) meningeal layer.
B) subdural space.
C) epidural space.
D) periosteal layer.

Question 44

Where is the sensation of touch processed?

A) primary somatosensory cortex, or S1
B) primary motor cortex
C) prefrontal cortex
D) somatosensory association cortex, or S2

Question 45

An injury to the spinal cord is not possible below the:

A) fourth cervical vertebra.
B) second lumbar vertebra.
C) second thoracic vertebra.
D) ninth thoracic vertebra.

Question 46

At what point in the brain do upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tracts decussate?

A) midbrain
B) thalamus
C) pons
D) medullary pyramids

Question 47

Giada experienced damage to a sensory neuron in the PNS. Which neuron sustained damage?

A) first ^-order neuron
B) third ^-order neuron
C) interneuron
D) second ^-order neuron

Question 48

What part of the brain modifies the activity of upper motor neurons to produce voluntary movements and inhibit involuntary ones?

A) primary motor cortex
B) premotor cortex
C) cerebellum
D) basal nuclei

Question 49

Where are the cell bodies of lower motor neurons located?

A) brainstem
B) dorsal horn of spinal gray matter
C) anterior horn of spinal gray matter
D) motor area of cerebral cortex

Question 50

In the spinal cord, nerve tracts or funiculi make up the:

A) central canal.
B) white columns.
C) gray commissure.
D) gray horns.

Question 51

Visual stimuli that arrive in the thalamus are relayed to the:

A) primary visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
B) brainstem nuclei.
C) medulla.
D) primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe.

Question 52

An epidural, or spinal anesthesia, is administered into the CSF flow around the spinal cord. Into what space is this medication injected?

A) subdural space
B) epidural space
C) subarachnoid space
D) dural sinus

Question 53

Sensory information from proprioceptors about joint and muscle positions are carried to the brain by the:

A) anterolateral system (spinothalamic tracts).
B) vestibulospinal tract.
C) reticulospinal tract.
D) spinocerebellar tracts.

Question 54

Heidi sustained damage to her spinal cord in a car accident. She has no difficulty moving her arm, but has lost some sensation in her arm. What part of her spinal cord must have been injured?

A) corticospinal tract of spinal white matter
B) anterior horn of spinal gray matter
C) lateral horn of spinal gray matter
D) posterior horn of spinal gray matter

Question 55

Detection of stimuli is a responsibility of the ________ while perception of the stimuli is a responsibility of the _.

A) second ^-order neuron; first ^-order neuron
B) upper motor neuron; lower motor neuron
C) PNS; CNS
D) CNS; PNS

Question 56

Which special sense does NOT travel through the thalamus at any point in its transmission?

A) olfaction
B) gustation
C) vision
D) hearing

Question 57

Tactile sensation does NOT refer to:

A) vibrations.
B) light touch.
C) crude touch.
D) two ^-point discrimination.

Question 58

What part of the motor pathway inhibits inappropriate movements?

A) primary motor cortex
B) basal nuclei
C) occipital lobe
D) cerebellum

Question 59

What is situated inferior to the conus medullaris of the spinal cord?

A) cauda equina
B) cervical enlargement
C) posterior median sulcus
D) lumbar enlargement

Question 60

What role does dopamine play in motor control?

A) Dopamine binds receptors in the cerebral cortex to activate upper motor neurons to produce coordinated and smooth movements.
B) Dopamine enhances the process of motor learning in the cerebellum to reduce motor error.
C) Dopamine binds receptors on the caudate nucleus and putamen, inhibiting the globus pallidus. The upper motor neurons are eventually activated.
D) Dopamine inhibits the substantial nigra of the basal nuclei and inhibits the upper motor neurons from initiating movement.

Question 61

Which statement best describes the circadian rhythm?

A) In a 24 ^-hour period of time, we feel the most awake after eating breakfast.
B) In a 24 ^-hour period of time, adults require at least 8 hours of sleep to feel rested.
C) In a 24 ^-hour period of time, we feel most sleepy during brightest period of the day.
D) In a 24 ^-hour period of time, we spend a period of time awake and a period of time asleep.

Question 62

The brainstem performs higher level functions dealing with learning and memory.

Question 63

Broca's area is responsible for the ability to produce speech while Wernicke's area is responsible for the ability to understand language.

Question 64

The hypothalamus integrates emotion, memory, and sensory information and sends it to association areas of the cerebral cortex.

Question 65

What part of the brain is the "boss" of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

A) thalamus
B) pons
C) basal nuclei
D) hypothalamus

Question 66

You've looked for your keys for the past ten minutes in several different places. The ability to keep track of the places you've already looked is stored in:

A) long ^-term memory.
B) short ^-term (working) memory.
C) immediate memory.
D) long ^-term potentiation (LTP).

Question 67

What do you expect to see if the activity of the reticular formation is decreased?

A) increased metabolism
B) decreased level of consciousness
C) fever
D) increased level of consciousness

Question 68

The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe of the cerebrum.

Question 69

The neurotransmitter orexin plays a role in:

A) the promotion of wakefulness.
B) the promotion of sleepiness.
C) body temperature regulation.
D) the regulation of metabolism.

Question 70

What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for personality, the creation of an awareness of self, and the ability to recognize appropriate behavior?

A) parietal association cortex
B) Wernicke's area
C) temporal association cortex
D) prefrontal cortex

Question 71

Which brain nucleus serves as the body's "master clock?"

A) caudate nucleus
B) lentiform nucleus
C) suprachiastmatic nucleus
D) basal nucleus

Question 72

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata of the brainstem all arise from the hindbrain.

Question 73

What part of the brain is responsible for cognition?

A) reticular formation
B) hypothalamus
C) cerebral cortex
D) thalamus

Question 74

What provides a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A) hypothalamus
B) pons
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 75

In contrast to the nervous system, the endocrine system accomplishes homeostasis by:

A) producing an immediate effect in target cells.
B) sending action potentials that excite or inhibit target cells.
C) releasing hormones into the blood that regulate the functions of other cells.
D) controlling the activities of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

Question 76

Cognition is best described as:

A) a reversible and normal suspension of consciousness.
B) encoding and storing learned information in our neural circuitry.
C) the ability to comprehend and produce words.
D) recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli.

Question 77

What function is NOT lateralized in one of the cerebral hemispheres?

A) emotion
B) language ^-related recognition
C) creativity
D) facial recognition

Question 78

The reticular formation is a collection of nuclei in the diencephalon.

Question 79

The deepest stage of sleep is experienced during:

A) stage VI.
B) stage IV.
C) stage I.
D) stage III.

Question 80

The primary auditory cortex, located in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum, is the first to receive auditory information.