Deck 14: The Autonomic Nervous System Homeostasis

Question 1

What is found between the preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron of a visceral reflex arc?

A)target cell
B)central nervous system (CNS)
C)autonomic ganglion
D)spinal cord

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Where are autonomic ganglia located?

A)central nervous system (CNS)
B)peripheral nervous system (PNS)
C)brain
D)spinal cord

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Autonomic motor neurons do NOT innervate:

A)cardiac muscle cells.
B)smooth muscle cells.
C)skeletal muscle cells.
D)glands.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which nervous system division works antagonistically to the sympathetic nervous system?

A)central nervous system
B)somatic nervous system
C)parasympathetic nervous system
D)sensory nervous system

Question 5

Control of skeletal muscle is the responsibility of:

A)a preganglionic neuron.
B)an autonomic ganglion.
C)a somatic motor neuron.
D)a postganglionic neuron.

Question 6

After eating a large meal,Mr.Davis felt sleepy.Which nervous system dominates and is often called our "rest and digest" division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

A)sympathetic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)systemic nervous system
D)somatic nervous system

Question 7

What neurotransmitter is released by the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron to communicate with the sympathetic postganglionic neuron?

A)epinephrine
B)adrenalin
C)acetylcholine
D)norepinephrine

Question 8

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate in the:

A)lateral horns of the spinal cord.
B)sympathetic chain ganglion.
C)collateral ganglion.
D)gray rami communicantes.

Question 9

Where do the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate?

A)cranial nerves and the sacral region of the spinal cord
B)thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord
C)cervical region and sacral region of the spinal cord
D)cranial nerves and the lumbar region of the spinal cord

Question 10

Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as:

A)cholinergic.
B)adrenergic.
C)nicotinic.
D)muscarinic.

Question 11

Where does the cell body of the preganglionic neuron originate?

A)target cell
B)postganglionic neuron
C)central nervous system (CNS)
D)peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 12

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)includes the vagus nerves,which innervate the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

A)parasympathetic nervous system
B)somatic nervous system
C)sensory nervous system
D)sympathetic nervous system

Question 13

Somatic motor neurons innervate:

A)smooth muscle cells.
B)glands.
C)cardiac muscle cells.
D)skeletal muscle cells.

Question 14

As Lisa drove home,she was suddenly alerted to the sound of a blaring horn and realized she had drifted off to sleep.Which nervous system division dominated when she was startled awake?

A)parasympathetic nervous system
B)somatic nervous system
C)sympathetic nervous system
D)sensory nervous system

Question 15

Which division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)promotes homeostasis when the body is engaged in any type of physical work?

A)parasympathetic nervous system
B)somatic nervous system
C)sensory nervous system
D)sympathetic nervous system

Question 16

What do the white rami communicantes contain?

A)preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
B)postganglionic sympathetic neurons
C)preganglionic sympathetic neurons
D)sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 17

Which of the following innervates target cells or organs of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

A)preganglionic neuron
B)somatic motor neuron
C)autonomic ganglion
D)postganglionic neuron

Question 18

Sally sustained damage to some autonomic ganglia.What part of the visceral reflex arc is interrupted?

A)sensory reception
B)initiation of a motor impulse in the central nervous system (CNS)
C)integration
D)motor response in a target cell

Question 19

What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems share in common?

A)Both systems have short preganglionic neurons and long postganglionic neurons.
B)Both systems trigger the same motor response in target organs.
C)Both systems are divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
D)Both systems are called the "rest and digest" division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

Question 20

Gene's parachute did not open when he jumped out of the airplane.He injured his back in the thoracic and lumbar regions,damaging the autonomic ganglia found close to his spinal cord.What neurons did he likely damage?

A)sympathetic postganglionic neurons
B)sympathetic preganglionic neurons
C)parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
D)somatic motor neurons

Question 21

If a drug is administered to block the heart's adrenergic receptors,how is heart rate affected during exercise?

A)The heart will stop beating.
B)Heart rate will be unable to increase in response to exercise.
C)Heart rate will increase in response to the drug.
D)The drug has no effect on heart rate during exercise.

Question 22

The adrenal medulla serves to supplement:

A)the sympathetic nervous system.
B)the parasympathetic nervous system.
C)the somatic nervous system.
D)both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question 23

Receptors that bind acetylcholine are known as:

A)beta.
B)adrenergic.
C)alpha.
D)cholinergic.

Question 24

During sympathetic nervous system activity,what is NOT an effect of norepinephrine?

A)Blood glucose levels decrease.
B)The pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon.
C)Glucose is broken down from glycogen.
D)Lipids are broken down from adipocytes.

Question 25

Which drug binds receptors on the smooth muscle of airways and causes bronchodilation?

A)beta-blocker (antagonist)
B)fi₂-agonist
C)a₁-blocker (antagonist)
D)a₂-agonist

Question 26

What best characterizes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A)The parasympathetic nervous system maintains homeostasis when the body is at rest.
B)The parasympathetic nervous system is the "fight or flight" system.
C)The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for physical activity.
D)The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for emergency situations.

Question 27

Which nervous system dilates the pupils and allows more light to enter the eyes?

A)somatic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)sensory nervous system
D)sympathetic nervous system

Question 28

To increase sweat production from sweat glands,acetylcholine binds:

A)muscarinic receptors.
B)nicotinic receptors.
C)beta receptors.
D)adrenergic receptors.

Question 29

Which neurotransmitter ensures skeletal muscles receive the supply of nutrients needed to make ATP by stimulating the release of more fatty acids and glucose into the blood stream?

A)aldosterone
B)epinephrine
C)acetylcholine
D)norepinephrine

Question 30

What receptor present on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to digestive and urinary organs binds norepinephrine?

A)a₁ receptor
B)fi₂ receptor
C)a₂ receptor
D)fi₁ receptor

Question 31

A drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac muscle cells.This drug probably binds to:

A)a₁ receptors.
B)fi₂ receptors.
C)fi₁ receptors.
D)nicotinic cholinergic receptors.

Question 32

What two systems are interfaced by the adrenal medulla?

A)sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system
B)parasympathetic nervous system and endocrine system
C)parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system
D)somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 33

Which receptor hyperpolarizes the axon terminal to slow or cancel the action potential when norepinephrine binds?

A)a₂ receptor
B)fi₂ receptor
C)a₁ receptor
D)fi₃ receptor

Question 34

The axons of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are:

A)situated within terminal ganglia.
B)found close to the spinal cord.
C)short.
D)long.

Question 35

Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A)oculomotor nerve (CN III)
B)facial nerve (CN VII)
C)hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
D)vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 36

What effect does a fi₂ agonist have on the diameter of respiratory passages?

A)The drug will have no effect on passageway diameter.
B)The diameter of the respiratory passageways will increase.
C)The diameter of the respiratory passageways will decrease.
D)The diameter of the respiratory passageways will decrease first,and then increase.

Question 37

A drug known as a beta-blocker should primarily affect:

A)bronchodilation.
B)heart rate.
C)dilation of the pupils.
D)sweating.

Question 38

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as:

A)cholinergic receptors.
B)alpha receptors.
C)adrenergic receptors.
D)beta receptors.

Question 39

Stimulation of a₁ receptors present on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to the skin by norepinephrine results in:

A)vasodilation.
B)vasoconstriction.
C)bronchodilation.
D)sweating.

Question 40

Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful in treating:

A)a fast heart rate.
B)benign prostatic hyperplasia.
C)opiate withdrawal.
D)asthma.

Question 41

The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the eye for:

A)near vision.
B)distance vision.
C)age-related deterioration.
D)changing light levels.

Question 42

What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on heart rate?

A)at first decreases,then increases heart rate
B)decreases heart rate
C)no effect on heart rate
D)increases heart rate

Question 43

Maddie planned to go for a swim after dinner.But,after a large meal,she decided to rest rather than swim.What neurotransmitter promotes rest by binding muscarinic receptors after her meal?

A)acetylcholine
B)norepinephrine
C)adrenalin
D)epinephrine

Question 44

Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system located?

A)near the cells or organ being innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
B)near the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron
C)close to the spinal cord
D)close to the brain

Question 45

Which nervous system usually maintains a heart rate of 72 beats per minute?

A)sympathetic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)central nervous system
D)somatic nervous system

Question 46

Due to an accident,Lori's sacral nerves are severed.What do you expect to be affected by this injury?

A)production of saliva
B)blood pressure and heart rate
C)urinary bladder and the last portion of the large intestine
D)heart and lungs

Question 47

Which plexus is NOT served by the vagus nerve?

A)pulmonary plexus
B)brachial plexus
C)cardiac plexus
D)esophageal plexus

Question 48

What organ is served by the parasympathetic sacral nerves?

A)lungs
B)esophagus
C)last portion of the large intestine
D)heart

Question 49

What part of the brain largely controls homeostatic functions?

A)occipital lobe
B)cerebellum
C)pineal gland
D)hypothalamus

Question 50

What is responsible for keeping blood vessels partially constricted at all times?

A)cerebral cortex control
B)sympathetic tone
C)somatic control
D)parasympathetic tone

Question 51

What type of receptor is located in the membranes of all parasympathetic target cells?

A)beta receptor
B)muscarinic receptor
C)nicotinic receptor
D)alpha receptor

Question 52

The somatic motor division consists of somatic motor neurons that innervate cardiac,smooth,and skeletal muscle cells.

Question 53

Decreased parasympathetic stimulation could cause:

A)a dry mouth.
B)a slow heart rate.
C)diarrhea.
D)frequent urination.

Question 54

Which system works opposite to the sympathetic nervous system?

A)central nervous system
B)somatic nervous system
C)sensory nervous system
D)parasympathetic nervous system

Question 55

What receptor is found in the membranes of all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

A)beta
B)alpha
C)nicotinic
D)muscarinic

Question 56

Damage to the splanchnic nerves would affect functioning of the:

A)eye.
B)lungs.
C)urinary bladder.
D)heart.

Question 57

What neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons at their synapses?

A)epinephrine
B)acetylcholine
C)both epinephrine and norepinephrine
D)norepinephrine

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A)bronchoconstriction
B)constriction of the pupil
C)decreased heart rate
D)increased sweat secretion

Question 59

Most organs are innervated from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems,referred to as:

A)parasympathetic tone.
B)antagonism.
C)sympathetic tone.
D)dual innervation.

Question 60

What does the vagus nerve (CN X)innervate?

A)blood vessels
B)sweat glands
C)cardiac muscle cells
D)adipocytes

Question 61

Alpha and beta receptors are classified as cholinergic receptors.

Question 62

Sympathetic chain ganglia extend from the superior cervical ganglion to the inferior sacral ganglion.

Question 63

Acetylcholine binds a₁ receptors on the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels serving the organs of the digestive,urinary,and integumentary systems and causes them to contract.

Question 64

Briefly explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system in maintaining homeostasis.

Question 65

The parasympathetic nervous system is often known as the "rest and digest" division of the ANS.

Question 66

List the two classes of sympathetic receptors and the neurotransmitter(s)each binds.

Question 67

Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release acetylcholine at their synapses.

Question 68

The sympathetic nervous system has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons,with the sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord.

Question 69

Ejaculation is accomplished by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 70

The basic function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to maintain homeostasis when the body is at rest.

Question 71

Explain the concept of autonomic tone.

Question 72

Explain where the two types of cholinergic receptors are located in the parasympathetic nervous system pathway.

Question 73

Most organs experience dual innervation from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question 74

Summarize the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in maintaining homeostasis.

Question 75

Determine the effects of norepinephrine when its binds receptors on blood vessels serving smooth,skeletal,and cardiac muscle cells.

Question 76

Explain the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on cardiac muscle cells.

Question 77

Discuss the specific nerves involved in the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 78

Explain why the sympathetic nervous system is often call the "fight or flight" division of the ANS.

Question 79

Pauline takes a medication known as a fi-blocker to decrease the rate and force of contraction of her heart.Predict the neurotransmitter this medication prevents from binding and determine the specific type of fi receptor being blocked by this medication.

Question 80

The sympathetic nervous system,or craniosacral division,involves four cranial nerves and sacral nerves S₂ - S₄.