Deck 12: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

What is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe?

A)auditory association area
B)primary visual cortex
C)primary somatosensory cortex
D)primary auditory cortex

Answer 1

C

Question 2

An elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as a:

A)gyrus.
B)furrow.
C)sulcus.
D)fissure.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which lobe is situated posteriorly in each cerebral hemisphere?

A)parietal
B)frontal
C)temporal
D)occipital

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The brainstem connects the brain and the:

A)cerebellum.
B)spinal cord.
C)ventricles.
D)eyes.

Question 5

Bundles of white matter in the cerebrum are known as:

A)tracts.
B)nerves.
C)ganglia.
D)nuclei.

Question 6

What secondary brain vesicles form from the forebrain?

A)telencephalon and metencephalon
B)diencephalon and telencephalon
C)metencephalon and mesencephalon
D)metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 7

What is NOT part of the cerebrum?

A)insula
B)frontal lobe
C)parietal lobe
D)brainstem

Question 8

Where are color,object movement,and depth processed?

A)auditory association cortex
B)premotor cortex
C)precentral gyrus
D)visual association areas

Question 9

What are the three primary brain vesicles that form from the neural tube?

A)brainstem,diencephalon,cerebellum
B)forebrain,midbrain,hindbrain
C)mesencephalon,telencephalon,diencephalon
D)midbrain,pons,medulla oblongata

Question 10

The majority of the cerebral cortex is:

A)white matter.
B)cerebellum.
C)neocortex.
D)fiber tracts.

Question 11

The cerebellum functions in:

A)homeostatic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
B)the planning and coordination of movement.
C)learning,memory,and personality.
D)biological rhythms.

Question 12

Select the letter that represents the location of the primary motor cortex.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 13

What information is received by the primary vestibular cortex?

A)vision
B)hearing
C)taste
D)equilibrium

Question 14

In 1848,Phineas Gage sustained a brain injury when an iron rod pierced through his left prefrontal cerebral cortex.What do you think was the result?

A)Gage was unable to move the right side of his body.
B)Gage was unable to produce language.
C)Gage's personality,behavior,and psychological state changed.
D)Gage was unable to understand language.

Question 15

What functional brain system participates in memory,learning,emotion,and behavior?

A)limbic system
B)peripheral nervous system
C)anterolateral system
D)medial lemniscal system

Question 16

What best describes the Broca's area?

A)Broca's area is housed in the temporal and parietal lobes.
B)Broca's area is a premotor area for speech sounds.
C)Broca's area is usually found in the right cerebral hemisphere.
D)Broca's area houses personality,decorum,and behavior.

Question 17

What is the correct pathway of development of the cerebellum?

A)neural tube,hindbrain,metencephalon,cerebellum
B)neural tube,forebrain,telencephalon,cerebellum
C)neural tube,diencephalon,cerebellum
D)neural tube,midbrain,mesencephalon,cerebellum

Question 18

What results when the corpus callosum is cut?

A)Communication between the brain and spinal cord would be impaired.
B)Communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres would be impaired.
C)Communication between a cerebral cortex in one hemisphere with other areas of the same hemisphere would be impaired.
D)Communication within a single brain hemisphere would be impaired.

Question 19

Which description best matches the location of white matter?

A)In the spinal cord,white matter is superficial while cerebral white matter is deep.
B)In both the brain and spinal cord,white matter is deep.
C)In both the brain and spinal cord,white matter is superficial.
D)In the spinal cord,white matter is deep while cerebral white matter is superficial.

Question 20

The primary motor cortex of the right cerebral hemisphere:

A)controls the motor activity on the right side of the body.
B)receives and processes sensory input.
C)controls the motor activity on the left side of the body.
D)integrates senses from multiple different sources.

Question 21

Damage to the substantia nigra of the midbrain would be indicated by problems with:

A)heart rate.
B)sense of smell.
C)movement.
D)respiration.

Question 22

Cognition is best described as:

A)the ability to comprehend and produce words.
B)recognizing,processing,planning,and responding to stimuli.
C)a reversible and normal suspension of consciousness.
D)encoding and storing learned information in our neural circuitry.

Question 23

The hippocampus and amygdala are parts of the:

A)limbic system.
B)caudate nucleus.
C)globus pallidus.
D)reticular formation.

Question 24

Which statement best describes the circadian rhythm?

A)In a 24-hour period of time,we feel the most awake after eating breakfast.
B)In a 24-hour period of time,we feel most sleepy during brightest period of the day.
C)In a 24-hour period of time,we spend a period of time awake and a period of time asleep.
D)In a 24-hour period of time,adults require at least 8 hours of sleep to feel rested.

Question 25

Todd was startled when the door slammed shut.What part of the brainstem is responsible for this reflex?

A)pons
B)midbrain
C)medulla
D)thalamus

Question 26

In contrast to the nervous system,the endocrine system accomplishes homeostasis by:

A)releasing hormones into the blood that regulate the functions of other cells.
B)controlling the activities of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
C)sending action potentials that excite or inhibit target cells.
D)producing an immediate effect in target cells.

Question 27

The thalamus receives information from all of the following senses EXCEPT for:

A)smell.
B)taste.
C)vision.
D)hearing.

Question 28

What type of fiber carries information from the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere to the occipital lobe of the same cerebral hemisphere?

A)association fibers
B)corpus callosum
C)projection fibers
D)commissural fibers

Question 29

What portion of the brainstem blends with the spinal cord after passing through the foramen magnum?

A)medulla oblongata
B)midbrain
C)hypothalamus
D)pons

Question 30

The deepest stage of sleep is experienced during:

A)stage VI.
B)stage I.
C)stage III.
D)stage IV.

Question 31

What do you expect to see if the activity of the reticular formation is decreased?

A)increased level of consciousness
B)fever
C)decreased level of consciousness
D)increased metabolism

Question 32

What part of the brain is the "boss" of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

A)pons
B)basal nuclei
C)thalamus
D)hypothalamus

Question 33

The hypothalamus functions in:

A)regulating the autonomic nervous system.
B)coordinating movement.
C)secreting a hormone called melatonin.
D)sending information to the cerebral cortex.

Question 34

What is housed in the pyramidal tracts of the medulla oblongata?

A)upper sensory neurons of the corticospinal tract
B)upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tract
C)lower motor neurons of the corticospinal tract
D)lower sensory neurons of the corticospinal tract

Question 35

The neurotransmitter orexin plays a role in:

A)body temperature regulation.
B)the promotion of sleepiness.
C)the promotion of wakefulness.
D)the regulation of metabolism.

Question 36

The white matter of the cerebellum is known as:

A)cerebellar cortex.
B)folia.
C)vermis.
D)arbor vitae.

Question 37

What is NOT part of the diencephalon?

A)hypothalamus
B)epithalamus
C)thalamus
D)medulla oblongata

Question 38

Which brain nucleus serves as the body's "master clock"?

A)lentiform nucleus
B)caudate nucleus
C)suprachiasmatic nucleus
D)basal nucleus

Question 39

What provides a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)cerebellum
D)pons

Question 40

What is NOT a function of the reticular formation?

A)maintaining wakefulness
B)sleep
C)modulation of pain transmission
D)memory

Question 41

An epidural,or spinal anesthesia,is administered into the CSF flow around the spinal cord.Into what space is this medication injected?

A)epidural space
B)subarachnoid space
C)dural sinus
D)subdural space

Question 42

What part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain?

A)corticospinal tract
B)posterior column
C)anterolateral system
D)spinocerebellar tract

Question 43

In what dura mater fold is the superior sagittal sinus located?

A)falx cerebri
B)falx cerebelli
C)tentorium cerebri
D)tentorium cerebelli

Question 44

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)in the third ventricle will drain into the:

A)fourth ventricle.
B)lateral ventricles.
C)dural sinus.
D)choroid plexus.

Question 45

In the spinal cord,nerve tracts or funiculi make up the:

A)central canal.
B)gray horns.
C)white columns.
D)gray commissure.

Question 46

What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for personality,the creation of an awareness of self,and the ability to recognize appropriate behavior?

A)temporal association cortex
B)parietal association cortex
C)prefrontal cortex
D)Wernicke's area

Question 47

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)circulates through the:

A)pia mater.
B)blood-brain barrier.
C)subarachnoid space.
D)dura mater.

Question 48

Which of the following cells secretes CSF into the ventricles of the brain?

A)basal nuclei
B)ependymal cells
C)substantia nigra
D)microglia

Question 49

Sensory information from proprioceptors about joint and muscle positions are carried to the brain by the:

A)reticulospinal tract.
B)anterolateral system (spinothalamic tracts).
C)spinocerebellar tracts.
D)vestibulospinal tract.

Question 50

You've looked for your keys for the past ten minutes in several different places.The ability to keep track of the places you've already looked is stored in:

A)long-term memory.
B)long-term potentiation (LTP).
C)short-term (working)memory.
D)immediate memory.

Question 51

What is situated inferior to the conus medullaris of the spinal cord?

A)cauda equina
B)cervical enlargement
C)lumbar enlargement
D)posterior median sulcus

Question 52

The spinal cord lacks a portion of the dura mater known as the:

A)meningeal layer.
B)epidural space.
C)periosteal layer.
D)subdural space.

Question 53

What part of the brain is responsible for cognition?

A)reticular formation
B)hypothalamus
C)thalamus
D)cerebral cortex

Question 54

An injury to the spinal cord is not possible below the:

A)fourth cervical vertebra.
B)second thoracic vertebra.
C)second lumbar vertebra.
D)ninth thoracic vertebra.

Question 55

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)is formed by and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulations into .

A)dural sinuses; ependymal cells
B)the cerebral aqueduct; arachnoid villi
C)choroid plexuses; dural sinuses
D)astrocytes; ependymal cells

Question 56

Which meninx touches the brain?

A)subarachnoid space
B)arachnoid mater
C)pia mater
D)dura mater

Question 57

What function is NOT lateralized in one of the cerebral hemispheres?

A)creativity
B)language-related recognition
C)emotion
D)facial recognition

Question 58

The hole in the spinal cord through which CSF flows is the:

A)intervertebral foramen.
B)anterior median fissure.
C)vertebral foramen.
D)central canal.

Question 59

Which of the following should NOT cross the blood-brain barrier with ease?

A)large,polar molecules
B)glucose
C)lipid-based molecules
D)carbon dioxide

Question 60

Astrocytes and tight junctions create a barrier to viruses and bacteria known as:

A)choroid plexuses.
B)dural sinuses.
C)the blood-brain barrier.
D)meninges.

Question 61

The hypothalamus integrates emotion,memory,and sensory information and sends it to association areas of the cerebral cortex.

Question 62

Detection of stimuli is a responsibility of the while perception of the stimuli is a responsibility of the .

A)PNS; CNS
B)CNS; PNS
C)upper motor neuron; lower motor neuron
D)second-order neuron; first-order neuron

Question 63

What part of the motor pathway inhibits inappropriate movements?

A)primary motor cortex
B)occipital lobe
C)cerebellum
D)basal nuclei

Question 64

The primary auditory cortex,located in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum,is the first to receive auditory information.

Question 65

Heidi sustained damage to her spinal cord in a car accident.She has no difficulty moving her arm,but has lost some sensation in her arm.What part of her spinal cord must have been injured?

A)anterior horn of spinal gray matter
B)corticospinal tract of spinal white matter
C)lateral horn of spinal gray matter
D)posterior horn of spinal gray matter

Question 66

The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe of the cerebrum.

Question 67

Tactile sensation does NOT refer to:

A)vibrations.
B)two-point discrimination.
C)light touch.
D)crude touch.

Question 68

What part of the brain modifies the activity of upper motor neurons to produce voluntary movements and inhibit involuntary ones?

A)basal nuclei
B)primary motor cortex
C)premotor cortex
D)cerebellum

Question 69

Which special sense does NOT travel through the thalamus at any point in its transmission?

A)vision
B)hearing
C)gustation
D)olfaction

Question 70

What role does dopamine play in motor control?

A)Dopamine inhibits the substantial nigra of the basal nuclei and inhibits the upper motor neurons from initiating movement.
B)Dopamine binds receptors on the caudate nucleus and putamen,inhibiting the globus pallidus.The upper motor neurons are eventually activated.
C)Dopamine binds receptors in the cerebral cortex to activate upper motor neurons to produce coordinated and smooth movements.
D)Dopamine enhances the process of motor learning in the cerebellum to reduce motor error.

Question 71

Where is the sensation of touch processed?

A)somatosensory association cortex,or S2
B)primary somatosensory cortex,or S1
C)primary motor cortex
D)prefrontal cortex

Question 72

Giada experienced damage to a sensory neuron in the PNS.Which neuron sustained damage?

A)third-order neuron
B)first-order neuron
C)interneuron
D)second-order neuron

Question 73

Visual stimuli that arrive in the thalamus are relayed to the:

A)primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
B)medulla.
C)brainstem nuclei.
D)primary visual cortex in the frontal lobe.

Question 74

The midbrain,pons,and medulla oblongata of the brainstem all arise from the hindbrain.

Question 75

Eight-year-old Cate stood by her mother's bed,watching her sleep and perplexed by the rapid movement of her mother's eyes beneath the eyelids.We know Cate's mother was experiencing stage III sleep by what Cate witnessed.

Question 76

The reticular formation is a collection of nuclei in the diencephalon.

Question 77

Where are the cell bodies of lower motor neurons located?

A)brainstem
B)dorsal horn of spinal gray matter
C)motor area of cerebral cortex
D)anterior horn of spinal gray matter

Question 78

At what point in the brain do upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tracts decussate?

A)midbrain
B)thalamus
C)pons
D)medullary pyramids

Question 79

Broca's area is responsible for the ability to produce speech while Wernicke's area is responsible for the ability to understand language.

Question 80

The brainstem performs higher level functions dealing with learning and memory.