Deck 27: Development Heredity

Question 1

What follows immediately after fertilization occurs?

A)cleavage
B)capacitation
C)sperm migration
D)acrosomal reaction

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The 16-cell stage is known as the:

A)blastomere.
B)morula.
C)blastocyst.
D)trophoblast.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The head and tail regions,ventral and dorsal regions,right and left sides are established by:

A)ingression.
B)the primitive streak.
C)the allantois.
D)the chorionic villi.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The fusion of the pronuclei can occur after the oocyte completes:

A)capacitation.
B)meiosis II.
C)mitosis.
D)meiosis I.

Question 5

Failure of the allantois to fully develop will impact the formation of the:

A)digestive tract.
B)skeletal muscles.
C)kidneys.
D)urinary bladder.

Question 6

The gestation period is approximately:

A)2 weeks.
B)340 days.
C)280 days.
D)120 days.

Question 7

In humans,from which extraembryonic membrane will the first blood cells arise?

A)allantois
B)yolk sac
C)chorion
D)amnion

Question 8

When do the extraembryonic membranes form?

A)eighth week of development
B)fifth week of development
C)tenth week of development
D)second week of development

Question 9

Where does fertilization usually occur?

A)uterus
B)ampulla of the uterine tube
C)isthmus of the uterine tube
D)infundibulum of the uterine tube

Question 10

Which of the following releases human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?

A)inner cell mass
B)cytotrophoblast
C)syncytiotrophoblast
D)blastocyst

Question 11

Which reaction releases enzymes such as hyaluronidase and acrosin that allow sperm to penetrate the corona radiata of the secondary oocyte?

A)sperm migration
B)acrosomal reaction
C)cortical reaction
D)capacitation

Question 12

How is polyspermy prevented?

A)sperm migration
B)cortical reaction
C)acrosomal reaction
D)capacitation

Question 13

The organ systems rudimentarily form during the:

A)fetal period.
B)neo-natal period.
C)embryonic period.
D)pre-embryonic period.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of amniotic fluid?

A)protects the embryo from trauma
B)provides nutrition for the developing embryo
C)maintains a constant temperature for the developing embryo
D)allows the embryo freedom of movement

Question 15

When does the prenatal period begin?

A)birth
B)infancy
C)conception
D)gestation

Question 16

The fusion of a sperm cell and secondary oocyte is known as:

A)meiosis.
B)ovulation.
C)fertilization.
D)capacitation.

Question 17

Which part of the embryo contributes to the fetal portion of the placenta?

A)trophoblast
B)hypoblast
C)inner cell mass
D)epiblast

Question 18

Which extraembryonic membrane forms the embryonic part of the placenta?

A)yolk sac
B)amnion
C)chorion
D)allantois

Question 19

Which of the following implants in,or attaches to,the endometrium of the uterus?

A)embryo
B)secondary oocyte
C)fetus
D)blastocyst

Question 20

After fertilization,a zygote rapidly divides to produce small,genetically identical cells known as:

A)pronuclei.
B)blastomeres.
C)trophoblasts.
D)centromeres.

Question 21

What process starts at the embryonic period?

A)fertilization
B)formation of the blastula
C)implantation
D)gastrulation

Question 22

By what week of prenatal development will the placenta be established?

A)week 4
B)week 8
C)week 12
D)week 16

Question 23

Cephalocaudal folding creates the:

A)head and buttocks regions.
B)digestive tract.
C)future trunk region.
D)primitive gut.

Question 24

By what week of prenatal development will organogenesis be complete?

A)week 4
B)week 8
C)week 12
D)week 16

Question 25

A birth defect known as spina bifida results from the incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube.Which germ layer is affected?

A)myotome
B)mesoderm
C)ectoderm
D)endoderm

Question 26

What do the umbilical arteries transport?

A)oxygenated blood toward the fetal heart
B)nutrients toward the fetal heart
C)deoxygenated blood away from the fetal heart
D)oxygenated blood away from the fetal heart

Question 27

The differentiation of the germ layers into organs and organ systems is known as:

A)embryonic folding.
B)gastrulation.
C)ingression.
D)organogenesis.

Question 28

By which period of prenatal development will the placenta be fully formed?

A)pre-embryonic period
B)embryonic period
C)fetal period
D)infancy

Question 29

What does gastrulation accomplish?

A)differentiation of germ layers into organs and organ system
B)implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium
C)formation of the primitive streak
D)formation of the three germ layers

Question 30

Along which line of the embryo does the primitive streak form?

A)dorsal-ventral
B)lateral-medial
C)right-left
D)cephalic-caudal

Question 31

The rearrangement and migration of the cells of the bilaminar embryonic disc forms the trilaminar embryonic disc in a process called:

A)gastrulation.
B)fertilization.
C)organogenesis.
D)formation of the blastula.

Question 32

What connects the placenta to the fetus?

A)chorion
B)notochord
C)umbilical cord
D)allantois

Question 33

What is the first major event of organogenesis?

A)neurulation
B)formation of the endocrine glands
C)formation of somites
D)formation of the skin

Question 34

During which process is exposure to teratogens most devastating for the development of the embryo's organs?

A)gastrulation
B)organogenesis
C)formation of the blastula
D)cleavage

Question 35

Which germ layer forms the gonads and kidneys?

A)mesoderm
B)ectoderm
C)notochord
D)endoderm

Question 36

Which of the following steps must occur first during the embryonic period?

A)organogenesis
B)formation of the primitive streak
C)gastrulation
D)embryonic folding

Question 37

Which of the following is the inner germ layer?

A)endoderm
B)ectoderm
C)epiblast
D)mesoderm

Question 38

What contributes to the fetal portion of the placenta?

A)allantois
B)decidua capsularis
C)chorionic villi
D)decidua basalis

Question 39

What does the ectoderm form?

A)internal epithelial layer of the urinary system
B)gonads and kidneys
C)internal epithelial layer of the digestive system
D)neural plate and neural tube

Question 40

Which of the following does NOT occur during the embryonic period?

A)implantation
B)gastrulation
C)organogenesis
D)formation of the placenta

Question 41

Which cardiovascular changes are NOT typically expected in a pregnant female?

A)decreased hematocrit
B)varicose veins
C)increased cardiac output
D)decreased blood volume

Question 42

Which of the following fetal vascular shunts bypasses the liver?

A)ductus venosus
B)ligamentum arteriosum
C)foramen ovale
D)ductus arteriosus

Question 43

Approximately how many days after fertilization is a fetus considered full-term and ready to be born?

A)266 days
B)324 days
C)185 days
D)238 days

Question 44

Labor progresses through the following three stages:

A)dilation,effacing,and placental stages.
B)dilation,expansion,and pushing stages.
C)duration,expansion,and placental stages.
D)dilation,expulsion,and placental stages.

Question 45

During which month of prenatal development will the fetus begin to develop reflexes?

A)month 2
B)month 4
C)month 6
D)month 8

Question 46

A positive feedback mechanism initiates the rhythmic contractions of labor.Determine the hormones involved in this feedback loop.

A)estrogens and progesterone
B)cortisol and aldosterone
C)relaxin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
D)prostaglandins and oxytocin

Question 47

Parturition is also known as:

A)labor.
B)placentation.
C)childbirth.
D)dilation.

Question 48

Which hormone makes the medullary respiratory center more sensitive to carbon dioxide levels during pregnancy?

A)progesterone
B)estrogen
C)human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
D)relaxin

Question 49

The initial stimulus for labor comes from the:

A)fetus.
B)maternal uterus.
C)maternal ovaries.
D)maternal hypothalamus.

Question 50

Krista is having difficulty with the progression of labor.Her obstetrician administers a hormone to assist with her uterine contractions.This hormone is a synthetic version of:

A)human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
B)oxytocin.
C)cortisol.
D)estrogen.

Question 51

Mrs.Floyd developed an accentuated lumbar curvature during the last few months of her pregnancy.Determine this spinal curvature.

A)scoliosis
B)spina bifida
C)kyphosis
D)lordosis

Question 52

From what do both lanugo and the vernix caseosa protect the fetus?

A)amniotic fluid
B)fat
C)blood
D)urine

Question 53

Determine the series of hormonal events that leads to birth. 1.Oxytocin stimulates the placenta to secrete prostaglandins.
2)Fetal cortisol stimulates the placenta to secrete estrogen.
3)Prostaglandins dilate the cervix,and with oxytocin,increase the strength of uterine contractions
4)The high estrogen level stimulates the uterus to form oxytocin receptors.

A)1,4,2,3
B)2,4,3,1
C)2,4,1,3
D)1,3,2,4

Question 54

What makes estrogen and progesterone after the fourth month of pregnancy to maintain the uterine lining?

A)placenta
B)anterior pituitary
C)ovaries
D)corpus luteum

Question 55

What is NOT allowed to pass through the placental barrier between maternal and fetal blood supplies?

A)blood cells
B)wastes
C)certain gases
D)nutrients

Question 56

Which hormone suppresses uterine contractions until birth?

A)melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
B)relaxin
C)human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
D)human placental lactogen (hPL)

Question 57

Which of the following vascular shunts connects the fetal left and right atria?

A)foramen ovale
B)ductus arteriosus
C)fossa ovalis
D)ductus venosus

Question 58

The first stage of labor is:

A)effacement.
B)dilation.
C)expulsion.
D)propulsion.

Question 59

Which fetal hormone initiates labor?

A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)prolactin
D)cortisol

Question 60

An adult heart should have a:

A)ductus arteriosus.
B)ductus venosus.
C)ligamentum arteriosum.
D)foramen ovale.

Question 61

If two alleles code for the same trait (such as blond hair),they are said to be:

A)autologous.
B)heterozygous.
C)homozygous.
D)homologous.

Question 62

What major event occurs during the first stage of labor?

A)The fetal head crowns.
B)The newborn is delivered.
C)The placenta is delivered.
D)The cervix thins and dilates.

Question 63

Which antibodies are found in colostrum?

A)IgM
B)IgG
C)IgA
D)IgD

Question 64

Inherited traits controlled by two or more genes are called:

A)codominance.
B)multiple alleles.
C)polygenic inheritance.
D)incomplete dominance.

Question 65

When environmental factors influence gene expression,this is referred to as:

A)multiple alleles.
B)codominance.
C)polygenic inheritance.
D)multifactorial inheritance.

Question 66

After birth,the mother may lose excess fluids as a discharge from the uterus known as:

A)colostrum.
B)lochia.
C)lactation.
D)meconium.

Question 67

What is the afterbirth?

A)placenta and attached fetal extraembryonic membranes
B)amniotic fluids
C)urine
D)meconium,bile,and other wastes

Question 68

The Apgar score is assigned for several criteria measured at birth.What is NOT measured?

A)defecation
B)grimace
C)respiratory level
D)muscle activity

Question 69

Which hormones stimulate the growth of alveoli in the mother's mammary gland?

A)estrogen and prolactin
B)estrogen and progesterone
C)oxytocin and progesterone
D)prolactin and cortisol

Question 70

Joanne is ready to give birth.How much should her cervix be dilated?

A)20 cm
B)2 mm
C)4 cm
D)10 cm

Question 71

Predict the possible blood types,or phenotypes,of offspring in which the father has blood type O and the mother has blood type AB.

A)The possible blood types of the offspring are phenotypes A,B,AB,or O.
B)The possible blood types of the offspring are phenotypes A or O only.
C)The possible blood types of the offspring are phenotypes A or B only.
D)The possible blood types of the offspring are phenotypes AB or O only.

Question 72

In order for a male to inherit a sex-linked (X-linked)disorder,he must receive the allele from:

A)both his mother and father.
B)his mother only.
C)either his mother or father.
D)his father only.

Question 73

Which of the following is an inherited trait influenced by multiple alleles?

A)color blindness
B)ABO blood types
C)skin color
D)sickle cell anemia

Question 74

During which stage of labor does the fetal head crown?

A)placental
B)expulsion
C)effacement
D)dilation

Question 75

The embryonic period of prenatal development occurs from week 3 until week 8.

Question 76

In the case of blood types,both alleles A and B may be expressed as the phenotype.This exemplifies:

A)polygenic inheritance.
B)incomplete dominance.
C)codominance.
D)sex-linked inheritance.

Question 77

Predict the possibility of an offspring with a widow's peak,a dominant inherited trait affecting the hairline,when both parents are heterozygous for the trait.

A)0% of the offspring will have a widow's peak.
B)75% of the offspring will have a widow's peak.
C)25% of the offspring will have a widow's peak.
D)100% of the offspring will have a widow's peak.

Question 78

What is the neonatal period?

A)the first year of life
B)the first four weeks of life
C)the first four months of life
D)the first six months of life

Question 79

The best fetal position for birth is the:

A)breech position.
B)vertex position.
C)buttocks-first position.
D)nonvertex position.

Question 80

April has an abundance of freckles,a physical expression of her genes known as the:

A)alleles.
B)phenotype.
C)homologous.
D)genotype.