Deck 8: Aggression and Moral Behaviour in Sport

Question 1

Which of the following is a personal factor that influences aggression?

A)Point differentials
B)Home- field advantage
C)Gender
D)Competitive situations
E)Frequency of competition

Answer 1

Gender

Question 2

A basketball player who is fouled really hard so that she will miss her shot or become intimidated and distracted from her play the next time she shoots has been subjected to which type of aggression?

A)Frustration
B)Instrumental
C)Violent
D)Assertive
E)Hostile

Answer 2

Instrumental

Question 3

Any overt verbal of physical act that is intended to psychologically or physically injure another living organism is known as .

A)assertiveness
B)reactive aggression
C)moral behaviour
D)aggression
E)violent behaviour

Answer 3

aggression

Question 4

A person with the following orientation is more likely to be concerned with out- doing others and is therefore more likely to break rules in order to do so?

A)Self- serving orientation
B)Ego- orientation
C)Performance motivation
D)Mastery motivation
E)Task- orientation

Question 5

The statement "A wrestler is aggressive because he was "born that way"" best reflects which theory of aggression?

A)Physiological
B)Frustration- aggression
C)Psychodynamic
D)Social learning
E)Moral disengagement

Question 6

A hockey player who is designated to the specific role as the "enforcer" would be explained by which factor that influences aggression?

A)Personal
B)Situational
C)Group
D)Interactional
E)Social

Question 7

A rugby program that teaches athletes how to deal with frustration,annoyance,and attack,as well as technical skills,is using which method to curb aggression?

A)Punishment and encouragement
B)Behaviour modification
C)Changing the sport environment
D)Educational interventions
E)All of the above

Question 8

During a basketball game,Alicia elbows her opponent in the face,resulting in a broken nose.Alicia says that the injury isn't that bad and that the opponent's nose didn't even bleed.Alicia argues that she was just trying to catch the ball and her opponent's face simply got in the way.What type of mechanism of moral disengagement is Alicia demonstrating?

A)Attribution of blame
B)Diffusion of responsibility
C)Moral justification
D)Advantageous comparison
E)Distortion of consequences

Question 9

A hockey player goes into the corner after a puck and bodychecks his opponent in a forceful,vigorous,and legitimate manner and does not intend to injure the opponent.Which type of behaviour is the hockey player exhibiting?

A)Aggression
B)Instrumental aggression
C)Hostile aggression
D)Prosocial behaviour
E)Assertive

Question 10

Kohlberg's theory on moral development suggests that only 10% of people progress to this stage of moral reasoning?

A)Pre- conventional,stage 2
B)Post- conventional,stage 6
C)Conventional,stage 4
D)Pre- conventional,stage 1
E)Post- conventional,stage 5

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a personal factor that influences aggression?

A)Point differential
B)Individual role
C)Frequency of competition
D)Cohesion
E)Retaliation motives

Question 12

A rugby team that has an expectation that aggressive behaviour is needed for success and decides to use aggressive behaviour as a tactic or strategy within the game would be explained by which factor that influences aggression?

A)Personal
B)Situational
C)Group
D)Interactional
E)Social

Question 13

A hockey player goes into the corner after a puck and high- sticks his opponent in a forceful,vigorous manner that is intended to physically injure the opponent.Which type of behaviour is the hockey player exhibiting?

A)Prosocial behaviour
B)Instrumental aggression
C)Assertive
D)Aggression
E)Hostile aggression

Question 14

Which of the following is an environment where moral behaviours can flourish?

A)Respect for opponents
B)Unfair play
C)Intimidation
D)Illegitimate aggression
E)Disloyalty

Question 15

A hockey player who is taller and heavier than an opponent and deliberately uses that advantage to be aggressive is linked to which factor that causes aggression?

A)Personal
B)Situational
C)Group
D)Interactional
E)Social

Question 16

While in the high school hallways,a basketball player pushes a fellow student into the locker rooms in order to maintain his image of being tough.What type of personal factor is influencing his aggressive behaviour?

A)Physical size
B)Gender
C)Annoyances
D)Age
E)Self- presentation

Question 17

Teaching a football player to develop coping strategies to change aggressive tendencies is using which method to curb aggression?

A)Punishment and encouragement
B)Educational interventions
C)Behaviour modification
D)Changing the sport environment
E)All of the above

Question 18

According to Stephens and Kavanagh (2003),which of the following is the best predictor that a youth ice hockey player is likely to use aggression?

A)Coach's tendency to aggress at officials
B)Teammates' tendency to aggress
C)Father's approval of aggression
D)Individuals' own approval of aggression
E)Mother's approval of aggression

Question 19

The change in reasoning patterns that are related to a person's cognitive growth and development is the definition of which of the following?

A)Prosocial behaviour
B)Motivation
C)Moral development
D)Moral behaviour
E)Team norms

Question 20

A ten- year- old swimmer decides to follow the rules the coach has established because she is afraid of the consequences she might face if she were to break a rule.Which stage from Kohlberg's moral judgment model is she demonstrating?

A)Conventional morality,stage 2
B)Conventional morality,stage 1
C)Pre- conventional morality,stage 1
D)Pre- conventional morality,stage 2
E)Post- conventional morality,stage 1

Question 21

A hockey coach who attributes the aggression of his toughest player to having high levels of testosterone is subscribing to which theory of aggression?

A)Social learning
B)Physiological
C)Moral disengagement
D)Psychodynamic
E)Frustration- aggression

Question 22

Discuss the premise of behavioural modification practices and identify some current strategies and use.

Question 23

An athlete that behaves aggressively in order to convey or maintain an image of toughness to opponents and observers,particularly within contact sports,is linked to which factor that causes aggression?

A)Personal
B)Situational
C)Group
D)Interactional
E)Social

Question 24

List any five personal factors that influence aggression.

Question 25

A hockey team that is losing by a large margin late in the game and is playing very aggressively and being called for a large number of penalties would be explained by which factor that influences aggression?

A)Personal
B)Situational
C)Group
D)Interactional
E)Social

Question 26

List and briefly explain four group factors that influence aggression using sporting examples.

Question 27

You have been approached by the National Hockey League (NHL)to help them reduce aggressiveness in their sport.Explain to the NHL,the strategies that you will adopt.

Question 28

List three situational factors that influence aggression.

Question 29

You've been asked by your local minor rugby to set up an educational intervention in an attempt to curb aggression in that sport.Discuss your plan of action.

Question 30

A rugby player tackles an opponent so hard that the competitor suffers a separated shoulder after the hit.The rugby player attributes his opponents' injury to the equipment and not the hit.Which mechanism of moral disengagement is this athlete using?

A)Distortion of consequences
B)Moral justification
C)Self- preservation
D)Displacement of responsibility
E)Euphemistic labelling

Question 31

Which of the following is a consequence of aggression?

A)Group cohesion
B)Injury
C)Individual's role
D)Group norms
E)Collective efficacy

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT an effective way to reduce aggression in sport?

A)Rewarding unselfish play
B)Punishment for aggressive behaviours
C)Allowing alcoholic beverages to be served at sporting events
D)Promoting a media campaign to increase assertive plays while decreasing aggressive acts
E)Have parents engage in classes on how to behave at sporting events

Question 33

A youth hockey player avoids tripping a player on a breakaway who is about to score in fear of getting a penalty as a punishment.This player is reasoning at this stage?

A)Post- conventional,stage 1
B)Post- conventional,stage 5
C)Post- conventional,stage 2
D)Pre- conventional,stage 1
E)Pre- conventional,stage 2

Question 34

Identify and briefly explain any four theories regarding aggressive behaviour.

Question 35

An arena that promotes athletic events as family affairs and bans the use of alcoholic beverages is using which method to curb aggression?

A)Punishment and encouragement
B)Behaviour modification
C)Changing the sport environment
D)Educational interventions
E)All of the above

Question 36

The false- consensus effect suggests that individuals who tend to instigate aggression among fans have a false belief about the willingness of other fans to join in these acts of aggression.

Question 37

A football player who acquires aggressive behaviours from observing aggressive models and retains these tendencies over time is most consistent with which theory of aggression?

A)Instinct
B)Physiological
C)Social learning
D)Frustration- aggression
E)Moral disengagement

Question 38

The physiological explanation theory views aggression as a natural response to frustration.

Question 39

If a youth soccer player kicked an opponent and was praised by his coach,the behaviour is more likely to reoccur.

Question 40

A task- oriented athlete tends to use perceive success as a function of outdoing others,and is more likely to break the rules.

Question 41

The difference between mastery and performance motivational climate is that the latter is demonstrated when the coach emphasizes co- operation and learning from past mistakes.

Question 42

When athletes describe their opponents as "goons" and "beasts",this is an example of advantageous comparisons in moral disengagement.

Question 43

The number of times competitors meet may have an impact on the amount of aggressive behaviour demonstrated in these matches.

Question 44

The difference between an aggressive and an assertive action is that the latter behaviour includes the intent to harm another human being.

Question 45

An example of an aggressive behaviour is when a baseball pitcher purposefully throws a baseball intending to hit the batter,but the batter moves out of the way.

Question 46

No conclusive statement can be made regarding the relationship between age and aggressive behaviour.