Deck 1: Origins and Evolution of American Policing

Question 1

America's first police officers differed from their London counterparts in

A)Being more willing to use force
B)Working to prevent crime
C)Shunning political connections
D)Responding to crime

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Sir Robert Peel's concept of uniformed police was primarily supposed to

A)Give police a sense of unity and pride
B)Distinguish police officers from military officers
C)Make police stand out in a crowd to discourage crime
D)Make police easily identifiable to citizens who required help

Answer 2

C

Question 3

"Vice" laws in the late nineteenth century resulted in

A)A notable decrease in public disorder in American cities
B)Significant payoffs to officers who protected illegal activities
C)A population move out of the cities to less well-enforced areas
D)A popular outcry against police enforcement of the laws

Answer 3

B

Question 4

All of these are true of the Bow Street Runners EXCEPT which one?

A)They were required to be college educated
B)They were founded by John and Henry Fielding
C)They were paid to serve as constables and on night
D)They have been called the first known detective unit

Question 5

What was the significant step toward full public policing that occurred in 1735?

A)Two London parishes paid their watchmen out of tax collections
B)Two London parishes allowed their sheriffs to appropriate tax moneys
C)Two London parishes set curfews to keep all private citizens inside at night
D)Two London parishes set up criminal investigative units

Question 6

The unreliability of lawmen in the Old West

A)Led to the formation of posses' and vigilante groups
B)Resulted from their intense focus on a few prominent outlaws
C)Was typical of law enforcement worldwide at the time
D)Was limited to a few poorly chosen sheriffs and marshals

Question 7

Slave patrols were

A)Small groups of slaves selected to secretly watch and report on their fellow slaves
B)Groups of former slaves who assisted the Union Army in the Civil War
C)A private activity,mainly by volunteers,to apprehend runaway slaves
D)Slaves who kept watch during runaway attempts

Question 8

The use of federal-local law enforcement partnerships in recent years has led critics to contend that

A)We are repeating history in an undesirable way
B)We are moving towards a national police force
C)We need to redefine the role of local law enforcement
D)We need to take the partnerships further than has yet been dared

Question 9

British citizens were initially fearful about the police force because

A)Of concerns that the line between policing and the military was too thin
B)After centuries of the frankpledge system,they did not trust strangers to be fair
C)They though a centralized and unified system would be harsh and cruel
D)They suspected Rowan and Mayne of being unscrupulous and self-serving

Question 10

How were sheriffs paid for their work in the early days of law enforcement?

A)They weren't paid,but worked on a volunteer basis
B)They were paid a quarterly salary by the king
C)They were paid a set amount by the king from collected taxes
D)They were allowed to appropriate money collected for the king

Question 11

Punishment in the colonies was distinguished by being

A)Lenient
B)Delayed
C)Public
D)Innovative

Question 12

All of the following are true of New York City's early police force EXCEPT which one?

A)It was modeled on London's Metropolitan Police
B)It was formed in 1844
C)It initially patrolled only during the day
D)It had about 800 officers

Question 13

How did shire-reeves address crime?

A)The apprehended criminals and brought them before the king
B)They fined criminals and parishes that failed to capture criminals
C)The caught and jailed criminals for set periods of time
D)They put criminals in the stocks to shame them publicly

Question 14

Reverend Charles Parkhurst

A)Crusaded to reform the political system in New York City
B)Led church efforts to partner with law enforcement
C)Provided shelter for the homeless when police stations stopped
D)Inspected the police department and forced corrupt police officers to resign

Question 15

The idea of making policing a civil service profession was tied to the idea of

A)Police providing essential services for those in need
B)Requiring officers to attend college
C)Divorcing law enforcement from politics
D)Creating a national police force.

Question 16

What was the prafectus urbi?

A)The first military police official
B)The first police patrol
C)The first appointed law enforcement magistrate
D)The first paid law enforcement official

Question 17

In order to prevent crime,August Vollmer suggested,police should

A)Be models of an exemplary lifestyle
B)Severely punish apprehended criminals as a deterrent
C)Work with families,schools,and other influential institutions
D)Undertake an unpredictable pattern of street patrol

Question 18

What led to the establishment of the worlds' first large-scale organized police force in the city of London?

A)The findings of the Wickersham Commission
B)The passage of the Metropolitan Police Act
C)The lobbying efforts of Reverend Charles Parkhurst
D)The reforming efforts of August Vollmer

Question 19

The decentralized police force model that developed in America

A)Was modeled on the forces in a number of other nations
B)Represents American rejection of the idea of a national police force
C)Was closely linked to the high regard in which police were held
D)May be a necessity,but is at odds with the American ideal

Question 20

What is kin policing?

A)A system from the Old Testament that has the idea of being ones' brother's keeper
B)A very early system in which each group member has enforcement authority
C)A European system that grew out of the night watch approach to policing
D)An American colonial adaptation of the Norman shire system

Question 21

Sir Robert Peel was one of the first people to emphasize a role for police officers that included not only crime fighting,but also prevention.

Question 22

Kings relied solely on military forces for law enforcement.

Question 23

By the third century BCE,Rome was patrolled around-the-clock by paid law enforcement officials.

Question 24

What made Hoover a controversial FBI director?

A)He was ahead of his time in the treatment of women
B)He was unfair and alleged to have engaged in illegal activities
C)He forced professionalism on an unwilling agency
D)He failed to make any important arrests

Question 25

The Federal Bureau of Investigation was founded in

A)1789
B)1865
C)1908
D)1924

Question 26

Which of these institutions was the first to be founded?

A)The Federal Bureau of Investigation
B)The Texas Department of Public Safety
C)The Secret Service
D)The U.S.Marshals

Question 27

Hoover changed the nature of the role of the FBI by insisting that they

A)Apprehend terrorists
B)Catch counterfeiters
C)Investigate antitrust cases
D)Fight crime

Question 28

In the early days of the American colonies,crime control was largely provided by the churches.

Question 29

The initial mission of the Secret Services was to

A)Suppress counterfeiting
B)Protect the President
C)Investigate antitrust land fraud
D)Protect witnesses in criminal cases

Question 30

In the political era,officers were more likely to regulate criminal activity than control it.

Question 31

During the political era

A)Strong ties to citizens were achieved through foot patrols and preserving quality of life
B)William M."Boss" Tweed was a welcomed voice for reform
C)Police jobs were given to the winning political candidates' supporters.
D)Police officers were intolerant of even the most minor crimes

Question 32

The tithing system was based on multiples of ten.

Question 33

All of these were responses to the September 11,2001,terrorist attacks on the United States EXCEPT which one?

A)Formation of the cabinet-level Department of Homeland Security
B)Addition of an anti-terrorism mission to local law enforcement agencies
C)Development of multiagency partnerships to respond to terror threats
D)The end of the community era of law enforcement in the United States

Question 34

In the late nineteenth century,patrol of residential districts was common in large U.S.cities.

Question 35

The general trend of the early history of policing is from private to public policing.

Question 36

Another name for the Bow Street Runners was the thief tamers.

Question 37

As the mission of the U.S.Marshals developed,they were charged with doing all of the following EXCEPT which one?

A)Apprehending counterfeiters
B)Arresting fugitive slaves
C)Patrolling the border
D)Taking the national census

Question 38

As public policing took hold in England,more rural areas continued to rely on law enforcement b private organizations and individuals.

Question 39

Individuals who deviated from the established rules under the kin policing system were often dealt with informally.

Question 40

Shire-reeves derived their authority from Norman kings.

Question 41

The Earp brothers' fight at the O.K.Corral in Tombstone,Arizona,has become an iconic representation of the U.S.Marshals responsibilities in the late nineteenth century.

Question 42

O.W.Wilson started the nation's first police school.

Question 43

Shires were groups of parishes and are comparable to modern ________ in terms of size.

Question 44

The man who is regarded as moving policing towards professional stature through his efforts as a police chief was August ________.

Question 45

The Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS),its state-level police agency,was created in the 1930s.

Question 46

When a watchman detected a fire or evidence of criminal activity,he had to sound the ________ and cry.

Question 47

Today,state-level police agencies are all primarily focused on traffic law enforcement.

Question 48

To a large extent,policing in America was based on the model of policing in ________.

Question 49

The keeper of the shire,or the shire-reeve,is the source of the term ________,which we still use today.

Question 50

The agency formed in 1908 with eight Secret Service agents as part of its core staff was the Federal Bureau of ________.

Question 51

Created by O.W.(Orlando Winfield)Wilson,the ________ Deal Code became the template for the code of ethics of the International Association of Chiefs of Police.

Question 52

The night watch system was formalized as the ________ system around the twelfth century.

Question 53

After the Roman Empire fell,law enforcement became the responsibility of individual ________.

Question 54

Across the United States,state-level police agencies have very similar forms.

Question 55

The name given to the Democratic Party "machine" in New York City was ________ Hall.

Question 56

The terrorist attacks on the United States effectively ended the community era of policing.

Question 57

In a tithing,it was only adult ________ members who were held responsible for the conduct of the others.

Question 58

The reform era is also known as the professional era and the legalistic era.

Question 59

The mission of the U.S.postal inspectors,when they were created,was to target crimes committed through the mail.

Question 60

The Pennsylvania State Police differed from other state-level policing agencies in drawing it's officers primarily from the army and the National ________.

Question 61

The first U.S.Marshals were appointed by President ________.

Question 62

The Pennsylvania State Police were created in response to problems in the ________ industry.

Question 63

The shift of state police agencies' mission to focus on enforcing traffic laws resulted from the invention of the ________.