Deck 7: Global Stratification

Question 1

In a caste system, social stratification is based on ascribed status.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Racism has traditionally been the cause of slavery.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In exchange mobility, about the same number of people move up and down the social class ladder which results in the overall social class system showing little change.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The impetus for colonialism was the advent of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 5

The replacement of India's caste system with a social class system is an example of the strains in today's global stratification system.

Question 6

In every society, from the hunting and gathering society to the postindustrial society, the most common basis for social stratification has been ________.

A)race
B)income
C)education
D)gender

Question 7

Most of the poor live in urban areas of the cities.

Question 8

Of the six social classes in America, the lower middle class has the highest percentage of members.

Question 9

The maquiladoras are Mexican export plants that import components, manufacture a product, and then export the finished product to the United States, all without import or export taxes.

Question 10

In contrast to most other stratification systems, Karl Marx's system had only two classes, each depending on the individual's relationship to the means of production.

Question 11

Indentured servitude is a gray area between contract labor and slavery.

Question 12

The Least Industrialized Nations account for more than two-thirds of the world's population.

Question 13

People in the capitalist class are more likely to experience mental health problems because of the excessive stress associated with managing high-powered jobs.

Question 14

According to Karl Marx, false class consciousness is a condition in which the workers mistakenly believe they have the power to unite and overthrow the capitalists.

Question 15

Because members of the capitalist class have the greatest opportunities for travel and to meet people from various walks of life, their children have a wide field of "eligibles" from which to choose a husband or wife.

Question 16

Arnold Schwarzenegger's term as governor of California and Ronald Reagan's two terms as U.S. president are examples of prestige turning into power.

Question 17

Because of the objectivity and accuracy of the poverty line concept, most sociologists agree that the concept of poverty is accurately portrayed in America.

Question 18

Melvin Tumin advanced the concept of merit as the primary factor in determining social class.

Question 19

The Most Industrialized Nations are almost equally distributed between the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the world.

Question 20

The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige is referred to as ________.

A)social stratification
B)social networking
C)the diversification of society
D)multiculturalism

Question 21

John Kenneth Galbraith's theory of global stratification, referred to as a culture of poverty, is based on a concept first proposed by ________.

A)Frank Tannenbaun
B)John Hanaway
C)Oscar Lewis
D)William Ogden

Question 22

Which of the following characteristics is most associated with the class system?

A)class distinction for life based on ascription
B)enforced norms of endogamy
C)movement up and down the class ladder
D)ownership of one group of people by another

Question 23

A system of beliefs that justifies a particular social arrangement, such as slavery, is called ________.

A)a constitution
B)class consciousness
C)a caste system
D)an ideology

Question 24

Which of the following led to the discontinuation of the terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" to describe global stratification?

A)the Industrial Revolution
B)the end of World War II
C)the collapse of the Soviet Union.
D)the emergence of the postindustrial society.

Question 25

In colonial America, immigrants were transported to the new world "on credit" by the captain of the ship, who then sold their services to wealthy colonists who paid their passage. In return, these immigrants worked for a specified period of time and were known as ________ or ________.

A)colonial slaves; domestic workers
B)jati; untouchables
C)indentured servants; bonded laborers
D)probationers; manservants

Question 26

Which American sociologist described the years of American colonial slavery when he said that "gradually the entire white South became an armed camp to keep Negroes in slavery and to kill the black rebel"?

A)Benjamin Quarles
B)W. E. B. Du Bois
C)Booker T. Washington
D)George Washington Carver

Question 27

What were the three major causes of slavery prior to life in the American colonies?

A)gender, racism, and social class
B)debt, crime, and war
C)gender, politics, and ethnicity
D)racism, religion, and gender

Question 28

In which of the following societies might slavery most likely exist?

A)the pastoral society
B)the agricultural society
C)the industrial society
D)the hunting and gathering society

Question 29

Which concept explains the rise of global stratification as including core nations, semi periphery nations, periphery nations, and external areas?

A)neocolonialism
B)culture of poverty
C)colonialism
D)world system theory

Question 30

Based on the global stratification model, nations of the former Soviet Union and its former satellites in Eastern Europe are classified as ________.

A)the Most Industrialized Nations
B)the Industrializing Nations
C)the Third World Nations
D)the Least Industrialized Nations

Question 31

In world system theory, nations that have been totally left out of the development of capitalism and allowed to stagnate are called ________.

A)semi periphery nations
B)core nations
C)periphery nations
D)the external area

Question 32

Who or what are the maquiladoras?

A)death squads that hunt and kill the beggar children of Brazil
B)elite members of Mexico's newly emerging industrial capitalists
C)assembly-for-export factories along the Mexican border
D)Mexican migrant workers who cross the border to pick crops in the U.S.

Question 33

Raul is a member of the Kshatriya who recently engaged in an intimate act with a member of the Dalit. Raul has seen the error of his ways, however, and wants to make amends for his indiscretions. Which statement best explains Raul's next course of action?

A)Raul will commit become an indentured servant.
B)Raul will seek the forgiveness of twelve reputable men in his community.
C)Raul will sacrifice his most prized oxen or goats to the gods.
D)Raul will undergo ablution.

Question 34

The spread of an economic system based on investing to make profits, which is becoming the world's dominant economic system, is referred to as ________.

A)the globalization of capitalism
B)the capitalization of the world economy
C)the economic colonization
D)the periphery of nations

Question 35

Great Britain was one of the first nations in which industrial capitalism developed. According to world system theory, Great Britain would be a ________ nation.

A)semi periphery
B)periphery
C)core
D)Most Industrialized

Question 36

India's caste system is slowly being replaced by a system marked by…

A)slavery
B)apartheid
C)social class
D)indentured service

Question 37

What was the purpose of colonialism as it was practiced by the major European powers during eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries?

A)to exploit the annexed nation's people and resources
B)to establish a protectorate to preserve the annexed nation's freedom
C)to form limited partnerships with the annexed nation
D)to establish a new nation-state

Question 38

In some societies, closely related members of the ruling class and the upper class marry to preserve their power and wealth within their families. This is a practice known as ________.

A)ritual pollution
B)apartheid
C)endogamy
D)indentured service

Question 39

The concept of the maquiladoras was made possible by the passage of the ________.

A)Taft-Hartley Trade Act
B)North American Free Trade Agreement
C)Sherman Anti-Trust Act
D)International Commerce Act of Latin America

Question 40

What is the basis of India's caste system?

A)race
B)religion
C)ethnicity
D)education

Question 41

According to Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore, how are highly qualified people motivated to enter high-pressure positions?

Question 42

What term would Karl Marx use for today's workers who mistakenly identify with the capitalists simply because they own a few shares of stock or work as managers of large corporations?

A)class improvisation
B)social solidarity
C)social bond
D)false class consciousness

Question 43

What are the three variables Max Weber identified as defining social class?

A)ethnicity, race, sex
B)wealth, power, prestige
C)sex, power, education
D)occupation, neighborhood, wealth

Question 44

The ability to control others, even over their objections, is referred to as ________.

A)prestige
B)class
C)status
D)power

Question 45

Which two theorists concluded that the universality of stratification can be explained by the necessity to motivate the most qualified people to fill the most important and demanding positions in a society?

A)Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
B)Max Weber and Emile Durkheim
C)Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
D)Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin

Question 46

Based on the Marxist orientation of conflict sociologists, how many distinct social classes exist?

A)none, as society is classless
B)two
C)four
D)six

Question 47

The sociologist who believed that social class is made up of three components - property, power, and prestige - was ________.

A)Max Weber
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Karl Marx
D)Lewis Coser Jr.

Question 48

Which statement regarding the nation's income is most accurate?

A)Income earnings are just about evenly divided among all Americans.
B)The top two-thirds of Americans earn about two-thirds of the income.
C)The top 20 percent of Americans earn nearly half the income.
D)The bottom 20 percent of Americans earn about 15 percent of the income.

Question 49

Sally is employed as a computer programmer for the Ellis Corporation. She has a savings account of $15,000 and owns a few shares of Ellis stock. She thinks of herself as an investor rather than as a worker. Marx would maintain that Sally has experienced ________.

A)false class consciousness
B)misplaced commitment
C)management ideology
D)class consciousness

Question 50

At the steel plant, all minorities hired are assigned to work the battery pits, one of the dirtiest jobs in the mill. Even so, the battery pit workers wear this assignment as a badge of honor and have developed a close social bond that transcends the time they spend at the mill. How would Karl Marx describe their solidarity?

A)The workers are experiencing false class consciousness.
B)The workers are victims of social stratification.
C)The workers' sense of fairness has been influenced by primogeniture.
D)The workers share class consciousness.

Question 51

If a person were living during Karl Marx's lifetime and worked at the Smittertown ironworks, Marx would consider that person a member of the ________.

A)proletariat
B)lumpenproletariat
C)bourgeoisie
D)middle class

Question 52

When used by sociologists, the term "wealth" refers to ________.

A)the property that a person owns
B)the income made from a person's occupation
C)the property owned and the income acquired minus debts made by the person
D)the income after state and federal taxes have been withheld

Question 53

Which of the following statements is most accurate with respect to determining social prestige in modern society?

A)Social prestige is based primarily on the wealth one accumulates.
B)One's occupational title is the greatest influence in determining social prestige.
C)Together wealth and power are the determining factors of social prestige.
D)Family lineage is the primary determinant of social prestige.

Question 54

Which sociologist coined the term "the power elite"?

A)C. Wright Mills
B)Emile Durkheim
C)Talcott Parsons
D)Herbert Spencer

Question 55

Some nations have traditionally been in poverty from one generation to the next, relying on tradition rather than experimenting with new technology that might improve their standard of living. This explanation for global stratification is called ________.

A)culture of poverty
B)world system theory
C)dependency theory
D)theory of undeveloped nations

Question 56

What did Karl Marx predict after workers were exploited year after year by the capitalist class?

A)The capitalist society would synthesize into a classless society.
B)A strong middle class would emerge.
C)Workers would abandon their jobs, unionize, and gain the power to negotiate.
D)Workers would revolt against the bourgeoisie and assume control.

Question 57

According to Melvin Tumin, which of the following high school seniors will most likely attend college?

A)the A- student from a decaying urban slum
B)the student who scored the mean on the college entrance exam
C)the C+ student from the upper class
D)the promising student in need of financial aid

Question 58

What is the average per capita annual income in the United States, which includes all Americans, and even children?

A)$18,000
B)$27,500
C)$42,000
D)$50,500

Question 59

What is the typical annual family income in the United States?

A)$35,000
B)$39,000
C)$48,000
D)$60,000

Question 60

What prediction was made by Karl Marx regarding the behavior of workers in a capitalist society?

Question 61

Jim and Jan are working-class Americans making a combined income of $47,000. Today they won a $125 million lottery. How will this immediately impact their lives?

A)They will experience social paranoia.
B)They will experience anomie.
C)They will have delusions of grandeur.
D)Their lives will be more stable and fulfilling.

Question 62

Numerically, what is the race of the majority of the poor in the United States?

A)white
B)African American
C)Latino
D)Native American

Question 63

Janelle is a professor in the Department of Business at a state university. She is a full professor in her department and earns $135,000 a year. According to Lenski's status inconsistency hypothesis, what is Janelle's most likely political philosophy?

A)conservative
B)liberal
C)very radical
D)inconsistent

Question 64

Which of the following individuals would have the narrowest field of "eligible" marriage partners based on background expectations?

A)Ruth, a member of the working poor living in Harlem
B)Herbert, a blue-collar machinist living in the city
C)Noelle, the daughter of two high school teachers living in suburbia
D)Christian, the son of a CEO of a major corporation

Question 65

What is the relationship between one's social class and one's chances of being a victim of crime?

A)positive
B)direct
C)inverse
D)null

Question 66

What does status inconsistency refer to in relation to social stratification?

A)Individuals exhibit insecurity and inferiority when they are ranked low in prestige.
B)Individuals fail to recognize the contradictions of class inequality and democratic values.
C)Individuals are ranked high on one dimension of social class and low on other dimensions.
D)Ranking in power, wealth, and prestige must be consistent for an individual to avoid negative consequences.

Question 67

As a full professor of sociology, Jackie ranks high in prestige, but relatively low in income. What can one expect of her political views?

A)She will be ultra conservative.
B)She will probably become a socialist worker.
C)She will be more politically radical.
D)She will be apathetic towards politics.

Question 68

Ken belongs to a church in which the worship services are highly expressive with spontaneous "Amens" and "Praise Jesus" outbursts accompanied by loud, inspirational organ music. Ken is most likely a member of the ________ class.

A)capitalist
B)upper-middle
C)middle
D)lower

Question 69

To determine the poverty line, the U.S. government calculates a low-cost food budget for a family of a specific size, then subjects that number to which modification?

A)It divides the food budget by five.
B)It multiples the food budget by five.
C)It divides the food budget by three.
D)It multiplies the food budget by three.

Question 70

What is the background profile of most United States presidents?

A)upper-class white men from traditional working families
B)millionaire white men from families with old money
C)individuals from a diverse pool of Americans who love their country
D)politicians from new money families with upper-class backgrounds

Question 71

Phil, a janitor for an expensive apartment-house complex in Chicago, is a union janitor who makes quite a bit more money than many of the tenants in the building he maintains. Lenski would note that Phil's high income but low occupational prestige demonstrates a condition of ________.

A)status insecurity
B)status contradiction
C)status inconsistency
D)status incompatibility

Question 72

If 100 working-class people move upward on the class ladder and, at the same time, 100 middle-class people move downward, sociologists would consider this an example of ________ mobility.

A)structural
B)intergenerational
C)upward
D)exchange

Question 73

Politically, the class of people who are more likely to feel that the government should intervene in the economy to make citizens financially secure are the ________.

A)working class
B)working poor
C)lower-middle class
D)underclass

Question 74

What was the term C. Wright Mills used to refer to those who make the big decisions in American society?

A)the upper class
B)the national security administration
C)the power elite
D)the capitalists

Question 75

Changes in society that cause large numbers of people to move up or down the class ladder, which causes one class to increase while others decrease, is called ________ mobility.

A)exchange
B)automatic
C)structural
D)intragenerational

Question 76

________ are the most likely segment of the population in the United States to experience poverty today.

A)Children
B)The elderly
C)Middle-aged adults
D)Young, single males

Question 77

What did Higginbotham and Weber discover about women from working-class backgrounds who now occupied professional, managerial, and administrative positions in Memphis?

A)They were encouraged by their parents to get an education.
B)They were in the top five percent of their graduating class.
C)They were the eldest child in the family.
D)They married into social classes higher than their own.

Question 78

What political party are members of the upper class more likely to belong?

A)Republican
B)Democrat
C)Green
D)Libertarian

Question 79

When individuals experience status inconsistency, what is their likely choice of behavior?

A)They will claim the higher status.
B)They will claim the lower status.
C)They will ignore both statuses.
D)They will pick the status that best fits the situation.

Question 80

What is the upward or downward movement in social class by family members from one generation to the next?

A)intergenerational mobility
B)intragenerational mobility
C)structural mobility
D)exchange mobility