Deck 13: Mid to Late Nineteenth-Century Art in Europe and the United States

Question 1

In what way was Gustave Courbet's The Stone Breakers an explicit political statement?

A)His elevated his lower-class subject to the heroic status afforded history painting.
B)He refused to exhibit it in the Salon and wrote a manifesto criticizing the academies.
C)He rejected academic conventions to idealize the subject.
D)He depicted an actual event that spawned violent protests outside the city of Ornans.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The reading room at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris demonstrates the tendency of late nineteenth-century architects to

A)fuse a historicizing approach to form with new technologies.
B)reject the use of mass-produced and industrial materials in design.
C)explore new architectural forms that could reflect the modern world.
D)adhere to the dictum that "form ever follows function."

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What structure that was erected for the 1889 Universal Exposition was intended to be temporary?

A)Crystal Palace
B)Paris Opéra
C)Statue of Liberty
D)Eiffel Tower

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What common denominator unifies the artists who are considered Post-Impressionists?

A)They lived in France and formally trained at an academy.
B)They experimented with form and expanded on Impressionism.
C)They rejected ancient Greek and Roman ideas and form.
D)Their work is characterized by the use of impasto.

Question 5

Which artist is known for producing portraits of some of Britain's leading intellectuals?

A)Timothy O'Sullivan
B)Henry Fox Talbot
C)Julia Margaret Cameron
D)James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Question 6

William Morris's reaction against the mass production of furniture and other functional objects was rooted in his

A)desire for his own wealth.
B)socialist concerns for industrial workers.
C)idea that art was only for the elite.
D)religious beliefs and ceremonies.

Question 7

What innovation seen in Auguste Rodin's The Burghers of Calais signaled his departure from established traditions of sculpture?

A)Rodin enlarged the figures' hands and feet.
B)The figures show emotional anguish and despair.
C)Rodin suggests their pain through physical discomfort.
D)The figure grouping is placed at eye level.

Question 8

Winslow Homer employed an unadorned realism in depicting the heroic struggles of

A)African Americans.
B)the working poor.
C)soldiers in the Civil War.
D)young male athletes.

Question 9

Which artist associated with Realism in the nineteenth century found great success in the Salon system, including receiving France's highest award, membership in the Legion of Honor?

A)Courbet
B)Manet
C)Millet
D)Bonheur

Question 10

Although associated with the Academy, Gustave Moreau's sensuous treatment of biblical themes served as a precursor to which art movement?

A)Neo-Impressionism
B)Symbolism
C)Impressionism
D)the Pre-Raphaelites

Question 11

What impact did the suppression of the Paris Commune have on art?

A)There was a resurgence in religious art and the Romantic style.
B)Artists turned to lithography and other printed formats for social critique.
C)Overt political commentary in French art diminished.
D)Avant-garde artists produced politically charged work under pseudonyms.

Question 12

What was a disadvantage of a daguerreotype?

A)The image was blurred.
B)The image would fade over time.
C)The image could not be reproduced easily.
D)The image was very dark.

Question 13

Cézanne's professed aim of painting was to

A)"evoke a strong emotional reaction from the viewer."
B)"create an image of pure aesthetic pleasure."
C)"make of Impressionism something solid and durable."
D)"capture transitory effects of light and atmosphere."

Question 14

To emphasize the abstract nature of his paintings, James Abbott McNeill Whistler often chose titles that were more commonly used in

A)psychology.
B)music.
C)poetry.
D)mathematics.

Question 15

Van Gogh's insistence on his emotional state over fidelity to nature contributed to the development of which subsequent movement in modern art?

A)Symbolism
B)Japonisme
C)Expressionism
D)Art Nouveau

Question 16

In contrast to some of the other Impressionist painters, Renoir focused on the

A)marketplace.
B)streetlight.
C)landscape.
D)figure.

Question 17

Which of the following were major patrons of the arts in the nineteenth century?

A)monarchs
B)workers
C)church officials
D)entrepreneurs

Question 18

Which Renaissance culture influenced Manet's Luncheon on the Grass (Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe) and Olympia ?

A)Venetian
B)German
C)Spanish
D)Netherlandish

Question 19

Although artists in different countries developed their own approach to Realism, what common interest united them?

A)a rejection of Academic standards for artistic styles and patronage
B)a desire to present an unflinching look at the lives of the working poor
C)a preference for oil painting and symmetrically balanced compositions
D)their political and religious affiliation and activist role in society

Question 20

What style did American-born sculptor Edmonia Lewis employ to address modern issues such as slavery?

A)Realist
B)Symbolist
C)Impressionist
D)Neoclassical

Question 21

How were the first skyscrapers designed and ornamented?

Question 22

What is Orientalism?

Question 23

Who was William Morris?

Question 24

How is Central Park organized?

Question 25

What was essential to the development of the modern skyscraper?

A)electric elevator
B)pre-cut glass panes
C)truss-and-balloon framing
D)cable car

Question 26

What interest led Gauguin to give up his affluent lifestyle in search of simpler pleasures?

A)Japonisme
B)the primitive
C)peasants
D)anarchists

Question 27

How did Manet break with conventions in his paintings?

Question 28

What did Belgian artist James Ensor frequently use in his terrifying paintings, which combined aspects of Symbolism and Expressionism?

A)weapons
B)femme fatales
C)demons
D)masks

Question 29

What is repoussoir, and how did Cézanne use it?

Question 30

In what ways was Henry Ossawa Tanner unlike his contemporaries in the Paris art world?

Question 31

What is Art Nouveau?

Question 32

What was the early photographic process?

Question 33

What is Japonisme?

Question 34

Which English tradition of landscaping did Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux rely on in designing New York's Central Park?

A)symmetrical
B)picturesque
C)Grand Manner
D)Academic