Deck 10: Clinical Intuition

Question 1

Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be
•displaced.
•preconscious.
•fixated.
•unconscious.

Answer 1

•preconscious

Question 2

When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate,he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his
•superego.
•ego.
•id.
•Oedipus complex.

Answer 2

•id

Question 3

According to psychoanalytic theory,the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the
•id.
•ego.
•superego.
•erogenous zone.

Answer 3

•id

Question 4

Freud believed that certain troubling symptoms could be traced to painful unconscious memories. This led him to suspect that these symptoms resulted from
•genetic defects.
•an inferiority complex.
•psychological processes.
•an internal sense of control.

Question 5

When 16-year-old Hafez received a large inheritance from his grandfather,he was tempted to purchase an expensive new car. He decided,instead,to deposit all the money into a savings account for his postsecondary education. Hafez shows signs of a
•weak superego.
•weak id.
•strong collective unconscious.
•strong ego.

Question 6

Freud emphasized that the id operates on the ________ principle.
•self-transcendence
•superiority
•identity
•pleasure

Question 7

Free association is central to the process of
•self-actualization.
•self-serving bias.
•psychoanalysis.
•unconditional positive regard.

Question 8

Which of the following techniques did Freud use to discover the latent content of his patients' dreams?
•fixation
•identification
•projective testing
•free association

Question 9

Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cell phone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive
•fixation.
•personality.
•defense mechanism.
•collective unconscious.

Question 10

Freud suggested that the remembered events and images in our dreams were a censored expression of the dream's
•psychosexual stages.
•latent content.
•reality principle.
•collective unconscious.

Question 11

According to Freud,the unconscious is
•the part of personality that cannot process information.
•the thoughts,wishes,feelings,and memories,of which we are largely unaware.
•a set of universal concepts acquired by all humans from our common past.
•a reservoir of deeply repressed memories that does not affect behavior.

Question 12

A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax,close his eyes,and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as
•fixation.
•free association.
•nondirective therapy.
•hypnosis.

Question 13

By professional training,Freud was a
•philosopher.
•sociologist.
•physician.
•literary scholar.

Question 14

Psychoanalysis refers to the personality theory and therapeutic practices developed by
•Carl Rogers.
•Abraham Maslow.
•Sigmund Freud.
•Karen Horney.

Question 15

Ego is to id as ________ is to ________.
•unconscious; conscious
•biology; morality
•reality principle; pleasure principle
•regression; repression

Question 16

Freud became interested in unconscious personality dynamics when he noticed that certain patients' symptoms
•resulted from the physical abuse they received from their parents during childhood.
•reflected an internal sense of control.
•illustrated a collective unconscious.
•made no neurological sense.

Question 17

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking,feeling,and acting is his or her
•self-esteem.
•personality.
•reality principle.
•hierarchy of needs.

Question 18

Freud believed that ________ are the "royal road to the unconscious."
•projective tests
•dreams
•erogenous zones
•psychosexual stages

Question 19

According to Freud,the component of personality that mediates among the demands of the id,superego,and reality is the
•collective unconscious.
•Oedipus complex.
•erogenous zone.
•ego.

Question 20

The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of
•moral integrity.
•self-consciousness.
•behavioral consistency.
•self-actualization.

Question 21

Freud suggested that a boy's identification with his father during the phallic stage illustrates the process of
•unconditional positive regard.
•self-transcendence.
•free association.
•conflict resolution.

Question 22

Freud referred to the largely conscious "executive" part of the personality as the
•Oedipus complex.
•superego.
•ego.
•id.

Question 23

Freud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for the strengthening of
•the Oedipus complex.
•free association.
•the superego.
•erogenous zones.

Question 24

Which theory would most likely predict that boys raised without a father figure will have difficulty developing a strongly masculine gender identity?
•Rogers' person-centered theory
•Maslow's humanistic theory
•Horney's neo-Freudian theory
•Freud's psychoanalytic theory

Question 25

Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as
•projection.
•fixation.
•displacement.
•repression.

Question 26

The Oedipus complex is the term used by Freud to describe
•the erogenous zones that are the focus of the latency stage.
•the passive dependence of someone who is orally fixated.
•children's efforts to overcome feelings of inferiority.
•boys' feelings of guilt and fear of punishment over their sexual desire for their mother.

Question 27

Gene spends a good deal of time bragging about his numerous sexual exploits. Freud would have suggested that Gene is fixated at the ________ stage.
•oral
•latency
•phallic
•anal

Question 28

According to Freud,the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the
•Oedipus complex.
•ego.
•id.
•superego.

Question 29

Janine is repulsed by the thought of watching a pornographic video. Freud would have attributed these feelings to Janine's
•ego.
•id.
•superego.
•inferiority complex.

Question 30

One night after he heard his parents arguing,4-year-old Wei had a vivid dream in which he saved his mother from being bitten by a large snake. A psychoanalyst would most likely suspect that Wei's dream reflects a(n)
•oral fixation.
•reaction formation.
•self-serving bias.
•Oedipus complex.

Question 31

When she was 8 years old,Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14,Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of
•repression.
•rationalization.
•regression.
•displacement.

Question 32

Bruce wants to be a loving husband but at the same time wants to express his disgust for some of his wife's habits. According to Freud,Bruce's ________ might enable him to partially satisfy both desires.
•self-transcendence
•superego
•Oedipus complex
•ego

Question 33

Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control. Freud would have suggested that Damien is going through the ________ stage of development.
•phallic
•anal
•latency
•oral

Question 34

According to Freud,boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the ________ stage.
•anal
•phallic
•oral
•latency

Question 35

Freud suggested that the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct pleasure-sensitive areas of the body known as
•psychosexual stages.
•latent areas.
•erogenous zones.
•Oedipus complexes.

Question 36

Freud suggested that orally fixated adults are especially likely to exhibit
•passive dependence.
•an inferiority complex.
•an Electra complex.
•a collective unconscious.

Question 37

No matter how long and hard Lerae studies,she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a
•weak id.
•weak ego.
•strong id.
•strong superego.

Question 38

According to Freud,defense mechanisms are used by the
•id to defend against the accusations and guilt feelings produced by the superego.
•ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized.
•superego to prevent expression of sexual and aggressive drives.
•id,ego,and superego in a repetitive sequence of internal conflicts.

Question 39

Some psychoanalysts in Freud's era believed that girls experienced unconscious sexual desires for their father during the phallic stage. These feelings,they thought,reflected
•self-actualization.
•an Electra complex.
•displacement.
•unconditional positive regard.

Question 40

Arjean's opinions are so dependent on what her friends think that she will swallow just about anything they tell her. Freud would have suggested that Arjean demonstrates a
•fixation.
•free association.
•reaction formation.
•collective unconscious.

Question 41

The defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called
•projection.
•displacement.
•fixation.
•reaction formation.

Question 42

Parents who disguise hostility toward their children by becoming overly protective of them are very likely using the defense mechanism of
•projection.
•regression.
•rationalization.
•reaction formation.

Question 43

Four-year-old Timmy had not wet his bed for over a year. However,he started bed-wetting again soon after his sister was born. Timmy's behavior best illustrates
•reaction formation.
•projection.
•regression.
•denial.

Question 44

Mrs. Smith,who is White and unconsciously in favor of racial segregation,tells her friends that most Blacks prefer to live in residential neighborhoods inhabited predominantly by Blacks. According to psychoanalytic theory,Mrs. Smith best illustrates
•reaction formation.
•projection.
•displacement.
•regression.

Question 45

Carl Jung referred to a shared reservoir of memory traces from our species history as the
•self-reference phenomenon.
•defense mechanism.
•collective unconscious.
•psychosexual stages.

Question 46

Freud would have suggested that an excessive fixation is most likely to contribute to
•regression.
•identification.
•the Oedipus complex.
•self-serving bias.

Question 47

Alfred Adler was a neo-Freudian who coined the term
•oral fixation.
•collective unconscious.
•inferiority complex.
•unconditional positive regard.

Question 48

The defense mechanism in which self-justifying explanations replace the real,more threatening unconscious reasons for actions is
•projection.
•denial.
•rationalization.
•displacement.

Question 49

Neo-Freudian personality theorists were most likely to disagree with Freud about the importance of
•the unconscious dynamics underlying behavior.
•childhood sexual instincts.
•anxiety and defense mechanisms.
•distinguishing between id,ego,and superego.

Question 50

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile. In fact,Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school. According to psychoanalytic theory,Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a
•regression.
•projection.
•denial.
•reaction formation.

Question 51

Hasina was an abused child; as an adult,she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from
•an Electra complex.
•an anal fixation.
•an inferiority complex.
•a weak id.

Question 52

While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce,he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of
•reaction formation.
•displacement.
•projection.
•regression.

Question 53

Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as
•regression.
•denial.
•displacement.
•projection.

Question 54

Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she. Recently,she refused his offer to prepare dinner because,said she,"You could better spend the time playing with our kids." Melissa's comment best illustrates
•projection.
•rationalization.
•displacement.
•reaction formation.

Question 55

Repression refers to the defense mechanism by which people
•offer self-justifying explanations in place of the real but threatening unconscious reasons for action.
•retreat to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier stage of development.
•disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others.
•banish anxiety-arousing thoughts from consciousness.

Question 56

Freud suggested that slips of the tongue illustrate an incomplete
•fixation.
•displacement.
•rationalization.
•repression.

Question 57

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development?
•Jung
•Adler
•Horney
•Maslow

Question 58

A refusal to believe direct and highly credible evidence that your spouse is suffering a terminal illness best illustrates
•denial.
•displacement.
•fixation.
•projection.

Question 59

Reaction formation refers to the defense mechanism by which people
•disguise threatening unconscious impulses by attributing them to others.
•consciously express feelings that are the opposite of unacceptable unconscious impulses.
•retreat to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier stage of development.
•offer self-justifying explanations in place of the real but threatening unconscious reasons for action.

Question 60

Karen Horney,a prominent neo-Freudian,disputed Freud's assumption that women
•have weak superegos.
•perceive an internal sense of control.
•have stronger sexual instincts than men.
•never experience a phallic stage of development.

Question 61

The parallel processing of distinctive dimensions of a visual scene such as movement,color,and shape best illustrates the importance of
•identification.
•defense mechanisms.
•unconscious thought.
•the false consensus effect.

Question 62

Abraham Maslow studied the lives of Abraham Lincoln,Thomas Jefferson,and Eleanor Roosevelt in order to understand the nature of
•genuineness.
•unconditional positive regard.
•self-actualization.
•the false consensus effect.

Question 63

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to disagree with Freud's assumption that
•much of our mental functioning is unconscious.
•people often struggle with conflicting wishes.
•childhood experiences influence our adulthood relationships.
•sexual drives are central to personality development.

Question 64

Freud emphasized that emotional healing is associated with the
•fixation of repressed sexual desires.
•projection of repressed fears.
•recovery of repressed wishes.
•displacement of repressed hostilities.

Question 65

A test in which people are asked to describe or tell a story about a series of ambiguous stimuli is called a(n)
•defense mechanism test.
•projective test.
•personality inventory.
•true-false questionnaire.

Question 66

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it
•underestimates the importance of biological contributions to personality development.
•is contradicted by recent research demonstrating the human capacity for destructive behavior.
•is overly reliant upon observations derived from Freud's use of projective tests.
•offers few testable hypotheses that allow one to determine its validity.

Question 67

Contemporary psychologists are LEAST likely to agree with Freud's belief that
•conscience and gender identity form during the process of resolving the Oedipus complex.
•conscious awareness of our own mental processes is very limited.
•memories are often distorted and incomplete.
•defense mechanisms help protect individuals from anxiety.

Question 68

Survivors' vivid memories of Nazi death camp experiences most clearly challenge Freud's concept of
•fixation.
•repression.
•the Oedipus complex.
•motivational conflict.

Question 69

The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of
•projective tests.
•self-determination.
•conditional positive regard.
•objective analysis.

Question 70

Jin is searching for a sense of purpose in life that goes beyond fulfilling her own potential for growth and self-actualization. According to Maslow,Jin is striving for
•identification.
•self-transcendence.
•free association.
•spontaneity.

Question 71

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists assume that childhood experiences have long-term consequences for our
•Electra complex.
•collective unconscious.
•social attachment styles.
•erogenous zones.

Question 72

A major reason for criticism of the Rorschach test is that
•no computer-aided tool has been designed to facilitate scoring of the test.
•only a few of the many Rorschach-derived scores have demonstrated validity.
•the test discourages individuals from communicating openly in clinical interviews.
•the test can be used effectively only with individuals who are severely maladjusted.

Question 73

The famous test introduced by Hermann Rorschach asks test-takers to respond to
•frightening pictures.
•true-false questions.
•meaningless inkblots.
•incomplete sentences.

Question 74

Self-actualized people,as described by Maslow,are LEAST likely to be highly
•compassionate.
•religious.
•conforming.
•self-accepting.

Question 75

Abraham Maslow suggested that those who fulfill their potential have satisfied the need for
•genuineness.
•empathy.
•self-actualization.
•unconditional positive regard.

Question 76

Research participants came to anticipate the movements of a character on a computer screen even though they were unable to identify the rule governing its movements. This best illustrates
•unconscious implicit learning.
•the self-reference phenomenon.
•projection.
•repression.

Question 77

People who break speed limits tend to think that many others do the same. This best illustrates
•identification.
•self-transcendence.
•the false consensus effect.
•unconditional positive regard.

Question 78

Which theorist emphasized that an individual's personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine,accepting,and empathic?
•Maslow
•Rogers
•Freud
•Jung

Question 79

Freud's concept of projection is most similar to what today's researchers call
•an oral fixation.
•the false consensus effect.
•an inferiority complex.
•the Barnum effect.

Question 80

Compared with Freud,contemporary research psychologists are LESS likely to think of unconscious mental dynamics as involving
•parallel processing.
•repressive censoring.
•implicit memory.
•right hemisphere activity.