Deck 30: When Do People Help

Question 1

Babies are born with several reflexes for getting food. One of these is to
•withdraw a limb to escape pain.
•turn the head away from a cloth placed over the face.
•open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek.
•look longer at facelike images than at a solid disk.

Answer 1

•open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek

Question 2

The fact that many happy and well-adjusted adults were once rebellious and unhappy as adolescents is most relevant to the issue of
•continuity or stages.
•physical or mental development.
•stability or change.
•nature or nurture.

Answer 2

•stability or change

Question 3

Mary believes that cognitive development is a matter of gradual and almost imperceptible changes over time. Her viewpoint is most directly relevant to the issue of
•nature or nurture.
•behavior or mental processes.
•continuity or stages.
•stability or change.

Answer 3

•continuity or stages

Question 4

The placenta develops from the outer cells of the
•teratogens.
•zygote.
•fetus.
•embryo.

Question 5

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome are most likely to include
•egocentrism.
•brain abnormalities.
•visual impairments.
•hearing problems.

Question 6

Theories of human development have been most susceptible to criticism for overemphasizing
•discrete age-linked stages.
•the interaction of nature and nurture.
•maturation during adolescent development.
•cognitive changes during adulthood development.

Question 7

One of the most consistently damaging teratogens is
•testosterone.
•serotonin.
•dopamine.
•alcohol.

Question 8

Developmental psychologists study physical,cognitive,and ________ changes throughout the human life cycle.
•cross-sectional
•embryonic
•genetic
•social

Question 9

When pregnant rats drink alcohol,their young offspring later display a(n)
•immunity to fetal alcohol syndrome.
•aversion to the taste of alcohol.
•unusually rapid development of bladder control.
•liking for the odor of alcohol.

Question 10

Dr. Birkin's major research interest is the development of motor skills in children. It is most likely that Dr. Birkin is a ________ psychologist.
•cognitive
•developmental
•biological
•psychodynamic

Question 11

Darlene smoked heavily during the entire 9 months of her pregnancy. Her newborn baby will most likely be
•underweight.
•blind.
•hyperactive.
•hearing impaired.

Question 12

During the course of successful prenatal development,a human organism begins as a(n)
•zygote and finally develops into an embryo.
•embryo and finally develops into a fetus.
•zygote and finally develops into a fetus.
•fetus and finally develops into an embryo.

Question 13

Questions about whether anxious children will grow up to be either fearful or relaxed adults most directly highlight the issue of
•continuity or stages.
•stability or change.
•cognitive or social development.
•nature or nurture.

Question 14

The heart begins to beat during the ________ period of prenatal development.
•embryonic
•fetal
•zygotic
•ovular

Question 15

The stability of personality traits is greater among
•boys than among girls.
•men than among women.
•adults than among children.
•preschoolers than among adolescents.

Question 16

If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus,the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n)
•FAS.
•form of DNA.
•depressant.
•teratogen.

Question 17

Psychologists who view the developmental process as a sequence of distinct stages generally believe that ________ is(are)the same for everyone.
•both the order and the timing of the stages
•the order but not the timing of the stages
•the timing but not the order of the stages
•neither the order nor the timing of the stages

Question 18

A teratogen is a(n)
•fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division.
•unborn child with one or more physical defects or abnormalities.
•chromosomal abnormality.
•substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child.

Question 19

Mr. Hersch triggered a rooting reflex in his infant son by touching him on the
•foot.
•knee.
•arm.
•cheek.

Question 20

One of the major concerns of developmental psychology centers around the issue of
•identity or intimacy.
•continuity or stages.
•imprinting or object permanence.
•conservation or egocentrism.

Question 21

Newborns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in a
•rectangular shape.
•circular shape.
•bull's-eye pattern.
•facelike image.

Question 22

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of
•continuity or stages.
•physical or cognitive development.
•stability or change.
•nature or nurture.

Question 23

Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Matsuko is a(n)________ psychologist.
•cognitive
•developmental
•biological
•psychodynamic

Question 24

Dr. Joan Goodman is studying how memory changes as people get older. She is most likely a(n)________ psychologist.
•social
•cognitive
•developmental
•experimental

Question 25

When touched on the cheek,infants reflexively
•retract their arms.
•open their mouths.
•close their eyes.
•cry.

Question 26

By a week after birth,infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers'
•faces.
•voices.
•body odors.
•tender touches.

Question 27

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth is known as a(n)
•embryo.
•fetus.
•zygote.
•ovum.

Question 28

Mark thinks that language development over the life span requires a slow but steady shaping process. His belief is most directly relevant to the issue of
•continuity or stages.
•secure or insecure attachments.
•fluid or crystallized intelligence.
•cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.

Question 29

A child can be born a drug addict because
•drugs used by the mother will pass into the child's bloodstream.
•addiction is an inherited personality trait.
•drugs used by the mother create genetic defects in her chromosomes.
•the fetus' blood has not yet developed a resistance to drugs.

Question 30

Newborns vigorously root for a nipple when
•their foot is tickled.
•their cheek is touched.
•they hear a loud noise.
•they make eye contact with their caregiver.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is consistent with the current thinking of developmental psychologists?
•Development occurs in a series of sharply defined stages.
•The first two years are the most crucial in determining the individual's personality.
•The stability of personality in most people tends to increase over the life span.
•Social and emotional style are among the characteristics that show the least stability over the life span.

Question 32

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the
•embryo.
•ovaries.
•teratogens.
•placenta.

Question 33

Human sperm cells ________ than egg cells.
•are larger
•contain more genes
•are smaller
•contain fewer genes

Question 34

Teratogens are
•physical abnormalities in the developing fetus.
•cognitive abnormalities in the developing fetus.
•chemicals and viruses that cross the placenta and may harm the developing fetus.
•fertilized eggs.

Question 35

For the unborn children of mothers who smoke heavily,nicotine is a(n)
•agonist.
•depressant.
•teratogen.
•FAS.

Question 36

Which is the correct order of stages of prenatal development?

A) zygote,fetus,embryo
B) zygote,embryo,fetus
C) embryo,zygote,fetus
D) embryo,fetus,zygote

Question 37

When placed between a gauze breast pad from its nursing mother's bra,week-old babies are likely to
•move their eyes in a visual search for their mother.
•turn their head toward the smell of their mother's pad.
•open their mouth in a vigorous search for a nipple.
•demonstrate signs of stranger anxiety.

Question 38

A child whose mother drank heavily when she was pregnant is at heightened risk of
•being emotionally excitable during childhood.
•becoming insecurely attached.
•being born with the physical and cognitive abnormalities of fetal alcohol syndrome.
•addiction to a range of drugs throughout life.

Question 39

Human personality shows the greatest stability during
•preschool years.
•late childhood.
•teenage years.
•adulthood.