Deck 29: Blessed Are the Peacemakers

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates a superordinate goal being achieved?

A)A college student who has been failing English gets an "A" on a paper.
B)People pick flowers from a garden for themselves.
C)Apartment dwellers install a television antenna they can all use.
D)An obese person loses 20 pounds in two weeks.

Answer 1

Apartment dwellers install a television antenna they can all use.

Question 2

In order for a contact between two opposing racial groups to reduce conflict,the contact must

A)be made in a competitive setting.
B)be structured to confer equal status on both races.
C)temporarily award superior status to the minority group.
D)enable increased pluralistic ignorance.

Answer 2

be structured to confer equal status on both races.

Question 3

After their town was ravaged by a disastrous tornado,two rival community groups set aside their differences and worked together to repair the damage.This cooperation best illustrates the concept of

A)diversity.
B)the GRIT strategy.
C)superordinate goals.
D)the jigsaw technique.

Answer 3

superordinate goals.

Question 4

Elliot Aronson's jigsaw technique involved having elementary school children

A)study in small,racially mixed teams and then compete with other teams in a class tournament.
B)form academically and racially diverse groups,with each member of a group becoming an expert in one area.
C)role-play as members of another race for two-week periods.
D)take turns telling each other about their family backgrounds in small-group discussions.

Question 5

_____ occurs when a neutral third party studies a conflict and imposes a settlement.

A)Bargaining
B)Amelioration
C)Mediation
D)Arbitration

Question 6

Mediators seek to establish _____ agreements that reconcile both parties' interests to their mutual benefit.

A)arbitrated
B)integrative
C)mirror-image
D)zero-sum

Question 7

A mediator seeks to achieve a mutually beneficial resolution by having the conflicting parties adopt a _____ orientation.

A)carefree
B)win-lose
C)win-win
D)submissive

Question 8

Motto and Yoko,who are roommates,experience a conflict over what type of cable television service is within their budget.They settle for having Yoko,who wants a more expensive service,pay the remainder of the bill after both of them pay for half of the cost of the less expensive service.What form of communication did Motto and Yoko use to resolve their conflict?

A)bargaining
B)amelioration
C)mediation
D)arbitration

Question 9

_____ occurs when conflicted parties seek an agreement through direct negotiation.

A)Bargaining
B)Amelioration
C)Mediation
D)Arbitration

Question 10

Initially,the effect of school desegregation for Blacks was

A)their removal from integrated neighborhoods.
B)their reduced likelihood of attending primarily White colleges.
C)their increased likelihood of working in integrated settings.
D)their complete acceptance by their White peers.

Question 11

The term "system justification" refers to the human tendency to

A)resist established practices.
B)meet survival needs.
C)work in large groups.
D)approve the way things are.

Question 12

Which of the following is false?

A)The more contact straight people have with gays and lesbians,the more accepting they become.
B)The more friendly contact Blacks and Whites have with one another,the worse their attitudes toward outgroups such as Hispanics become.
C)The more contact Dutch adolescents have with Muslims,the more accepting of Muslims they are.
D)Vicarious indirect contact can lead to reduced prejudice.

Question 13

Which of the following is one of the four Cs of peacemaking identified in the text?

A)contact
B)correction
C)conciliation
D)communication

Question 14

John Dovidio,Samuel Gaertner,et al.found that working cooperatively has especially favorable effects when

A)conditions lead people to define a new,inclusive group that eliminates former subgroups.
B)members of the same race are working together.
C)a group is made up of at least three different races.
D)the outcome impacts others outside the immediate group.

Question 15

Many Whites and Blacks say they would like more contact with each other but misperceive that the other does not reciprocate their feelings.This phenomenon is known as

A)pluralistic ignorance.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)affective forecasting.
D)accentuation effect.

Question 16

Through the use of _____,Muzafer Sherif made enemies into friends.

A)contact
B)superordinate goals
C)bargaining
D)conciliation

Question 17

Surveys of nearly 4,000 Europeans revealed that an important factor in determining whether one's attitude toward a minority group will become more favorable is whether

A)one has a friend who is a member of that minority group.
B)the minority group tends to be submissive.
C)the minority group has a history of significant accomplishments.
D)the language of the minority group can be easily mastered.

Question 18

_____ occurs when a neutral third party attempts to facilitate communication and offer suggestions for how to resolve a conflict.

A)Bargaining
B)Amelioration
C)Mediation
D)Arbitration

Question 19

A goal that overrides people's differences from one another is called a(n)

A)superior goal.
B)superordinate goal.
C)ingroup goal.
D)independent goal.

Question 20

Vivian and Pearl,who have been a couple for many years,have a conflict that they have been unable to resolve,so they make an appointment with a counselor.The counselor helps facilitate communication between Vivian and Pearl,and he offers suggestions for dealing with future conflicts.What form of communication have they used to resolve their conflict?

A)bargaining
B)amelioration
C)mediation
D)arbitration

Question 21

Which of the following is one of the steps in Osgood's (1980)GRIT strategy?

A)Building up first-strike capability to negotiate from a position of strength
B)Announcing your conciliatory intent
C)Carrying out several verifiable conciliatory acts
D)Maintaining retaliatory capability

Question 22

Factory workers want a pay rate of $15 per hour,but management offers $12 per hour.After weeks of conflict,they agree to have a third party set the pay scale.After hearing both sides,the third party sets the rate at $14.4.This is an example of resolving conflict through

A)bargaining.
B)arbitration.
C)mediation.
D)conciliation.

Question 23

According to conflict researchers,you are more likely to divulge your needs and concerns if your relationship with your partner includes

A)mediation.
B)trust.
C)passion.
D)the threat of withdrawal.

Question 24

David and Julie fought over what to name their new puppy.Finally,they went to their children for a decision.David and Julie relied on _____ to resolve their conflict.

A)mediation
B)bargaining
C)conciliation
D)arbitration

Question 25

Ahmed and Fatima,two teenage siblings,are fighting over the evening newspaper.Knowing that Ahmed only wants the sports section and Fatima only wants the latest stock quotations,their mother takes the paper and gives each the section containing the news of interest.In this case,the mother arrived at a(n)

A)inequitable compromise.
B)cooperative settlement.
C)enlightened consensus.
D)integrative agreement.

Question 26

Which one of the following is a characteristic that conflict expert Deutsch (1993)advises negotiators to exhibit?

A)fairness
B)firmness
C)friendliness
D)sympathy

Question 27

Charles Osgood's (1980)GRIT strategy is an alternative that best fits into the _____ category of the "four Cs of peacemaking."

A)contact
B)conciliation
C)communication
D)correction