Deck 26: Who Likes Whom

Question 1

Research on proximity and social attraction generally supports the view that

A)familiarity breeds contempt.
B)familiarity leads to liking.
C)proximity leads to affection and animosity with equal frequency.
D)distance makes the heart grow fonder.

Answer 1

familiarity leads to liking.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about ostracized people?

A)They exhibit reduced activity in a brain cortex area that activates in response to physical pain.
B)They show deficits in brain mechanisms that inhibit unwanted behavior.
C)They are least likely to engage in self-defeating behaviors.
D)They experience less social pain than those who are highly social.

Answer 2

They show deficits in brain mechanisms that inhibit unwanted behavior.

Question 3

The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after repeated exposure to them is referred to as

A)the mere-exposure effect.
B)the novelty phenomenon.
C)display liking.
D)proactive stimulation.

Answer 3

the mere-exposure effect.

Question 4

If you are new in the office and want to make new friends,your best bet is to get a desk

A)that is smaller than that of anyone else.
B)in the quietest corner of the office.
C)near the coffeepot.
D)next to the air conditioner.

Question 5

Functional distance refers to

A)the natural geographic route between two locations.
B)the distance between residences "as the crow flies."
C)how often people's paths cross.
D)the direction and route of travel one undertakes when deliberately seeking out a given person.

Question 6

Even though he is unaware of it,Arthur has a tendency to like people who share a similar first name or those whose names begin with his initials.This is an example of

A)implicit egotism.
B)the social learning theory.
C)the outgroup homogeneity effect.
D)narcissism.

Question 7

Research suggests that randomly assigned college roommates

A)will most likely become friends.
B)will likely be unhappy about the assignment and come to dislike each other.
C)are as likely to become enemies as they are to become friends.
D)will show initial attraction that fades over time.

Question 8

You are a regular contributor to an Internet chat room.One day,the other participants seem to ignore every comment you make.Research suggests you will likely

A)send rude and nasty comments to the chat room.
B)become more independent and less conforming to others.
C)lash out at your younger sibling once you finish your chat session.
D)experience stress and a depressed mood.

Question 9

Jacob was never fond of cheese pizzas.Recently,a new pizza outlet opened up in his neighborhood.After eating cheese pizzas from the outlet on weekends,Jacob has now developed a strong liking for pizzas.This change in Jacob's liking of pizzas over a period of time is an example of the

A)observer-expectancy effect.
B)focusing effect.
C)mere-exposure effect.
D)subadditivity effect.

Question 10

A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing,positive interactions is the definition of

A)association anxiety.
B)the need for attachment.
C)the need to belong.
D)affiliative predisposition.

Question 11

Selena likes to hang out with Malia because Malia has always been nice and kind to her.She has been helpful to Selena on numerous occasions,and Selena feels comfortable in her company.Which of the following best supports Selena's liking of her friend?

A)the outgroup homogeneity effect
B)the reward theory of attraction
C)the own-race bias
D)the matching phenomenon

Question 12

Anticipatory liking-expecting that someone will be pleasant and compatible-increases the chance of

A)becoming involved in an inequitable relationship.
B)a dysfunctional,codependent relationship.
C)being exploited in the early stages of a relationship.
D)forming a rewarding relationship.

Question 13

Mark and John work at the same office.They both work in the same team and have developed a good rapport over the last two years.Which of the following statements is most likely true about their relationship?

A)They have a high degree of ostracism.
B)They have a small functional distance.
C)They have a low level of self-control.
D)They have a low level of catharsis.

Question 14

A stranger rides the same bus you do to school every day.According to the mere-exposure effect,as the days pass you will come to view the stranger

A)merely as another student.
B)more unfavorably.
C)more critically.
D)more favorably.

Question 15

Paula has just arrived as a new student on campus and does not know anyone.All else being equal,is she most likely to become friends with Joni who lives next door,with Kristy who lives two doors down,with Beth who lives three doors down,or with Heidi who lives in the room directly above hers?

A)Joni
B)Kristy
C)Beth
D)Heidi

Question 16

Darley and Berscheid (1967)gave university women ambiguous information about two other women.When asked how much they liked these people,the participants reported feeling more attracted to the person whom they

A)expected they would probably not meet.
B)expected they would eventually meet.
C)had read about first.
D)had read about second.

Question 17

A television advertisement for a fragrance product has been playing repeatedly in a region.Joey,who had no particular affinity toward such products,has now developed favorable views toward the product after watching the advertisement on a regular basis.Which of the following best explains Joey's change in attitude?

A)the complementarity phenomenon
B)the mere-exposure effect
C)the social learning theory
D)the catharsis effect

Question 18

Williams and Nida (2011)found that when ostracized during an online Frisbee-like game,players were _____ to conform to others' wrong judgments on a subsequent perceptual task.

A)less likely
B)more likely
C)somewhat likely
D)not likely

Question 19

After learning about a former coworker who recently passed away due to cancer,you call a loved one.This is an example of how reminders of death

A)make us depressed.
B)encourage solitude.
C)heighten our need to belong.
D)cause social tension.

Question 20

The fact that people prefer letters of their own name to appear in other people's names illustrates the

A)belongingness effect.
B)proximity effect.
C)mere-exposure effect.
D)matching effect.

Question 21

According to the _____ hypothesis,people are attracted to those whose needs are different in ways that complete each other.

A)accentuation
B)matching
C)complementarity
D)reciprocity

Question 22

Physically attractive people tend to be all of the following

A)more popular.
B)more humorous.
C)more outgoing.
D)more gender typed.

Question 23

Hatfield and his colleagues (1966)matched University of Minnesota freshmen for a Welcome Week dance.When the students were asked to evaluate their dates,what determined whether they liked each other?

A)similarity of values
B)similarity of academic competence
C)physical attractiveness
D)common family background

Question 24

Rosalinda,who is attractive,very intelligent,and high in social status,marries Jorge,who is also attractive,very intelligent,and high in social status.Their relationship is best understood as an example of

A)the ingratiation effect.
B)complementarity.
C)the mere-exposure effect.
D)the matching phenomenon.

Question 25

Research has shown that we guess _____ people are happier,sexually warmer,more outgoing,and successful.

A)friendly
B)beautiful
C)intelligent
D)funny

Question 26

At a party,Ellie meets Rob and Blake.The three get involved in a philosophical discussion that lasts through the evening.By the end of the evening,Ellie has discovered that she and Blake see things eye-to-eye,whereas she and Rob see things differently.All else being equal,Ellie will probably

A)like Rob better.
B)like Blake better.
C)like Rob and Blake equally.
D)neither like Rob nor Blake.

Question 27

In a classic study,Newcomb (1961)found that among students who lived together in a boardinghouse for many weeks,the ones who were most likely to have formed close friendships were those who

A)were most similar in their level of physical attractiveness.
B)had the highest initial agreement on attitudes.
C)had opposite but complementary personality characteristics.
D)came from the same region or state.

Question 28

In a national sample of Canadians,Patricia Roszell and her colleagues (1990)found that for each additional scale unit of rated attractiveness,people earned,on average,an additional

A)$100 annually.
B)$50 annually.
C)$500 annually.
D)$2000 annually.

Question 29

What is attractive to you depends on

A)your age.
B)what you are comparing it to.
C)novelty.
D)its uniqueness.

Question 30

Kalick (1977)had Harvard students rate their impressions of eight women,judging from photos taken before or after cosmetic surgery,and found that

A)presurgery women were judged to be more genuine,honest,and appealing.
B)postsurgery women were judged to be kinder and more likable.
C)presurgery women were judged to be more intelligent and competent.
D)postsurgery women were judged to be more independent and insensitive.

Question 31

All of the following are true of women during ovulation

A)they show a stronger preference for men with masculine faces and bodies.
B)they are better at judging male sexual orientation.
C)they show a wariness for outgroup men.
D)they are more promiscuous.

Question 32

Studies on computer composites of faces show that

A)perfectly average is quite attractive.
B)perfectly average is quite unattractive.
C)modest caricatures of attractive features are quite unattractive.
D)symmetry is unimportant.

Question 33

Compared to men,women are most likely to give importance to _____ in a mate.

A)physical attractiveness
B)food habits
C)honesty
D)age

Question 34

Attractiveness best predicts happiness and social connections for

A)people living in rural settings.
B)people in their 20s.
C)people living in urban settings.
D)people in their 50s.

Question 35

Ruth is quite attractive (a 4 on a 5-point scale),but Naomi is strikingly attractive (a 5 on a 5-point scale).Research suggests that if Ruth makes $35,000 a year on her job,Naomi will probably make _____ doing the same job.

A)slightly less money
B)the same amount
C)more money
D)significantly less money

Question 36

Which of the following best expresses the meaning of the physical attractiveness stereotype?

A)What is beautiful is good.
B)What is beautiful is unpredictable.
C)What is beautiful is superficial.
D)What is beautiful is untouchable.

Question 37

The contrast effect of feeling less attractive after viewing a super attractive person applies to our self-perceptions,especially for

A)men.
B)women.
C)racial/ethnic majorities.
D)racial/ethnic minorities.

Question 38

When people describe themselves in personal ads,women often offer _____ and seek _____.

A)companionship; attractiveness
B)attractiveness; status
C)status; companionship
D)commitment; excitement

Question 39

Mary,a talkative,extraverted young woman,is strongly attracted to Shane,who is very reserved and shy.Mary's attraction to Shane is best explained by

A)the exchange theory.
B)the matching phenomenon.
C)the high degree of functional distance between them.
D)the complementary nature of their qualities.

Question 40

Who is likely to receive the most responses to his personal ad?

A)Mark,who emphasizes his physical attractiveness
B)Bill,who emphasizes his income
C)David,who emphasizes his kind and sensitive nature
D)Tony,who emphasizes his athletic accomplishments

Question 41

Hatfield gave university women evaluations,affirming the self-esteem of some and wounding others with negative evaluations.Women were then asked to give their evaluation of men who asked them out for a date.Women whose evaluations had been _____ expressed _____ the man.

A)positive; more liking of
B)negative; more liking of
C)positive; more hostility toward
D)negative; more hostility toward

Question 42

We like people with whom we associate good feelings.This fact is consistent with the _____ theory of attraction.

A)cognitive dissonance
B)reward
C)two-factor
D)James-Lange