Deck 22: The Reach of Prejudice

Question 1

In a follow-up of a study conducted by Greenwald et al.(2003)on racial prejudice,Plant and colleagues (2011)found that _____ are more likely to be associated with threat and be "shot" in simulations.

A)Black females
B)Black males
C)Muslim females
D)Muslim males

Answer 1

Black males

Question 2

Ideas about how men and women ought to behave are called _____,whereas people's ideas about how women and men do behave are called _____.

A)gender-role norms; gender stereotypes
B)gender stereotypes; gender-role norms
C)gender preferences; gender roles
D)sexist attitudes; sexist stereotypes

Answer 2

gender-role norms; gender stereotypes

Question 3

Greenwald and his colleagues (2003)asked both Black and White participants to press a "shoot" button when a target appeared to be holding a gun (rather than a harmless object such as a flashlight).Their results showed that all participants more often mistakenly shot at targets who were

A)White.
B)Black.
C)male.
D)female.

Answer 3

Black.

Question 4

Research has shown that today prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behavior

A)do not exist.
B)run rampant.
C)surface when they can hide behind a different motive.
D)are more obvious than they have been in the past.

Question 5

Although Marcia says that she is not prejudiced against Blacks,she refuses to interview an African job applicant and gives weak reasons for it.She is exhibiting

A)overt discrimination.
B)automatic processing.
C)racial prejudice.
D)cognitive dissonance.

Question 6

Mr.Watson's belief that Blacks are lazy is an example of _____.His refusal to rent an apartment to a Black family is an example of _____.

A)a stereotype; racism
B)discrimination; prejudice
C)a stereotype; discrimination
D)racism; prejudice

Question 7

Prejudice is a(n)

A)behavior.
B)cognition.
C)attitude.
D)affect.

Question 8

An institutional practice that subordinates people of a given race is called

A)racism.
B)prejudice.
C)discrimination.
D)a stereotype.

Question 9

Jay believes that all Muslims are violent extremists.This is

A)discrimination.
B)a stereotype.
C)a behavioral tendency.
D)an example of groupthink.

Question 10

In the 1940s,researchers Clark and Clark (1947)gave African American children a choice between Black dolls and White dolls.Results showed that most children

A)chose the Black dolls.
B)chose the White dolls.
C)refused to choose between them.
D)used the dolls in aggressive symbolic play.

Question 11

A state police force has set a height requirement of 5 feet 10 inches for all officers.This requirement is irrelevant to job effectiveness but generally excludes Hispanics,Asians,and women from the force.Such a requirement most clearly reflects

A)racism and sexism.
B)scapegoating and discrimination.
C)stereotyping and prejudice.
D)the realistic conflict theory.

Question 12

_____ is a negative attitude; _____ is a negative behavior.

A)A stereotype; racism
B)Racism; stereotyping
C)Discrimination; prejudice
D)Prejudice; discrimination

Question 13

_____ are negative beliefs that support the negative evaluations that mark prejudice.

A)Innuendos
B)Criticisms
C)Fallacies
D)Stereotypes

Question 14

Recent research confirms that prejudiced and stereotyped evaluations

A)are more widespread than formerly believed.
B)are higher among females than males.
C)are higher among males than females.
D)can occur outside of one's conscious awareness.

Question 15

Jackman and Senter (1981)found that both men and women think that

A)women make better leaders.
B)women are more "emotional."
C)men and women are equally assertive.
D)men and women are equally compassionate.

Question 16

According to a survey research conducted in the United States,racial prejudice toward African Americans

A)is worse than ever today.
B)has decreased since the early 1940s.
C)has actually increased since the early 1980s.
D)decreased from 1940 to 1960,then increased until 1980,and has stabilized since then.

Question 17

An institutional practice that subordinates people of a given sex is called

A)sexism.
B)prejudice.
C)discrimination.
D)a stereotype.

Question 18

People who are overweight

A)face less discrimination than do minority racial groups.
B)face more discrimination than do minority racial groups.
C)are perceived as unhappy and discontented.
D)do not face discrimination.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of modern prejudice?

A)Americans disliking Muslims
B)overpraising minorities for their accomplishments
C)overcriticizing minorities for their mistakes
D)failing to warn a minority student about potential academic difficulty

Question 20

A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members is called

A)racism.
B)discrimination.
C)sexism.
D)prejudice.

Question 21

Most Americans agree that

A)the activities of married women are best confined to the home and family.
B)they would probably move if Black people came to live in great numbers in their neighborhood.
C)the two sexes are equally emotional.
D)they would vote for a qualified woman whom their party nominated for president.

Question 22

Identify a true statement about gender discrimination.

A)Gender bias has become extinct in Western countries.
B)Around the world,people tend to prefer having baby boys.
C)Gender bias is more subtle in non-Western countries than in Western countries.
D)Female shortages in many countries have led to an increased respect for women.

Question 23

Alice Eagly and her associates (1991)and Geoffrey Haddock and Mark Zanna (1994)reported that people do not respond to women with gut-level negative emotions,and most people like women more than men.This favorable stereotype has been dubbed by Eagly as

A)the women's in-group bias.
B)the women-are-wonderful effect.
C)the stereotypical personality bias.
D)the gender-role incongruity.

Question 24

Data from 27 countries show that people everywhere perceive women as more _____ and men as more _____.

A)agreeable; outgoing
B)outgoing; agreeable
C)democratic; emotional
D)emotional; collectivistic

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of benevolent sexism?

A)"Women have a superior moral sensibility."
B)"Once a man commits,she puts him on a tight leash."
C)"Women are less skilled in mathematics than are men."
D)"Women are more emotional than are men."

Question 26

Eagly's (1994)women-are-wonderful effect is an example of

A)prejudice.
B)a favorable stereotype.
C)hostile sexism.
D)discrimination.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true of gender stereotypes?

A)Gender stereotypes have become nonexistent in Western countries.
B)Members of a stereotyped group refuse to accept the stereotypes.
C)Most people believe that both the sexes are equally emotional.
D)Gender stereotypes are stronger than racial stereotypes.