Question 1

People are more likely to abandon normal restraints and become deindividuated when they&#10;A)perceive a particular action as part of their group's.&#10;B)believe themselves to be physically anonymous.&#10;C)are involved in arousing,distracting activities.&#10;D)All of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

All of the given answers are correct as they are all factors that can lead to deindividuation, which is a loss of self-awareness and restraint in group situations. Perceiving one's actions as part of a larger group can lead to a diffusion of responsibility and a reduced concern for individual consequences, while physical anonymity can reduce the fear of being identified and held accountable. Arousing or distracting activities can also impair cognitive processing and increase emotional arousal, leading to impulsive or uninhibited behavior. Overall, the combination of these factors can create a powerful social influence that overwhelms individual inhibitions and norms.

Question 2

Robert Watson (1973)scrutinized anthropological files and found that the cultures with depersonalized warriors were also the cultures that&#10;A)were victorious.&#10;B)were unlikely to survive for long.&#10;C)attacked their enemies at night.&#10;D)brutalized their victims.

Accepted Answer

Robert Watson's research into anthropological files revealed that cultures with depersonalized warriors, meaning those whose identities as individuals were minimized or obscured, were more likely to brutalize their victims. This depersonalization often involved practices such as wearing masks or other forms of disguise in combat, which could psychologically distance the warriors from their actions, making it easier for them to commit acts of brutality.

Question 3

People who are made self-aware,by acting in front of a mirror or TV camera,&#10;A)exhibit increased self-confidence.&#10;B)show inconsistency between their words outside a situation and their deeds in it.&#10;C)are thoughtful in analyzing complex social issues.&#10;D)are vulnerable to persuasive appeals that run counter to social norms.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that when people are made self-aware by watching themselves on camera or in a mirror, they become more consistent in their behavior and more likely to align their words with their actions. This suggests that they may have previously been exhibiting inconsistency in their behavior.

Question 4

The relationship between group size and the probability of deindividuation occurring is&#10;A)positive.&#10;B)negative.&#10;C)neutral.&#10;D)curvilinear.

Accepted Answer

As group size increases, the probability of deindividuation occurring also increases. This is because in a larger group, individuals may feel more anonymous and less accountable for their actions, leading to a decrease in inhibitions and an increase in impulsive behavior.

Question 5

According to the text,physical anonymity _____ results in antisocial behavior.&#10;A)always&#10;B)sometimes&#10;C)never&#10;D)almost never

Accepted Answer

The text states that physical anonymity can "sometimes" result in antisocial behavior.

Question 6

A lynch mob that enables its members to believe they will not be prosecuted is an example of&#10;A)social loafing.&#10;B)groupthink.&#10;C)deindividuation.&#10;D)a risky shift.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is the phenomenon in which people lose their sense of individual identity and responsibility when they become part of a group, leading them to engage in behaviors that they might not have engaged in as individuals. In this case, the lynch mob members feel emboldened and believe they will not be held individually responsible for their actions, which can lead to violence and other extreme behaviors. Social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone. Groupthink refers to the tendency of a group to make decisions based on what it believes is the consensus of the group rather than on individual reasoning. A risky shift occurs when a group takes greater risks than an individual would take on their own. None of these concepts fully explain the behavior of a lynch mob.

Question 7

When people experience a loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension,they are in a state of&#10;A)social facilitation.&#10;B)social loafing.&#10;C)deindividuation.&#10;D)groupthink.

Accepted Answer

Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension are key features of deindividuation, which occurs when individuals lose their sense of individual identity and become part of a larger group. This can lead to a decrease in inhibitions and an increase in impulsive behavior, as well as a diminished sense of personal responsibility and accountability. Deindividuation can occur in various settings, such as crowds or online forums, and has been linked to a range of negative outcomes, including aggression, vandalism, and other forms of antisocial behavior.

Question 8

Whenever your friend Ted surfs online,he writes terribly harsh letters to strangers using a bogus email address.Ted's behavior can likely be attributed to the role of _____ in deindividuation.&#10;A)group size&#10;B)physical anonymity&#10;C)arousing activities&#10;D)culture

Accepted Answer

The behavior described in the scenario is an example of deindividuation, which is a phenomenon where individuals feel a sense of anonymity and a loss of self-awareness when in large groups or in situations where their identity is disguised. In this case, Ted is using a bogus email address and is not face-to-face with the people he is writing to, which allows him to feel more anonymous and less accountable for his actions. This is the role of physical anonymity in deindividuation.

Question 9

A loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension that occurs in group situations that foster responsiveness to group norms,good or bad,is called&#10;A)groupthink.&#10;B)social loafing.&#10;C)group polarization.&#10;D)deindividuation.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is the loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension that occurs in group situations, which can lead to individuals acting in ways they wouldn't normally when alone. This can result in both positive and negative behaviors, depending on the group norms that are established. Groupthink refers specifically to the phenomenon of group members suppressing their own doubts or dissent in order to maintain harmony within the group, often leading to poor decision-making. Social loafing occurs when individuals exert less effort when working in a group than they would on their own. Group polarization refers to the tendency for group discussion to strengthen the initial views of individuals within the group, pushing them toward a more extreme position.

Question 10

In a research study on deindividuation conducted by Diener and his colleagues (1976),Seattle children were observed trick-or-treating.The results indicated that children who were _____ committed more transgressions than other children.

A)abused at home
B)anonymous and in a group
C)from low-income families
D)solo and had no siblings

Accepted Answer

The study focused on the concept of deindividuation, which is the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint when individuals are in a group and feel anonymous. Therefore, children who were anonymous and in a group (choice B) were more likely to commit transgressions than other children who were not in a group or not anonymous. The other options (abused at home, from low-income families, and solo with no siblings) are not related to the concept of deindividuation and were not tested in the study.

Question 11

The relationship between self-consciousness and deindividuation is&#10;A)positive.&#10;B)negative.&#10;C)neutral.&#10;D)curvilinear.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The relationship between self-consciousness and deindividuation is&#10;A)positive.&#10;B)negative.&#10;C)neutral.&#10;D)curvilinear....

Question 12

Zimbardo reported that women who were masked and hooded in Ku Klux Klan (KKK)-style hoods and robes tended to _____ than women who were visible and wore name tags.&#10;A)administer longer shocks to a victim&#10;B)engage in greater social loafing&#10;C)make riskier decisions&#10;D)make more contact and reveal more personal information

Accepted Answer

The answer of Zimbardo reported that women who were masked...

Question 13

From an analysis of 60 deindividuation studies,Tom Postmes and Russell Spears (1998)concluded that being anonymous makes a person&#10;A)less self-conscious.&#10;B)less responsive to situational cues.&#10;C)less group-conscious.&#10;D)less prone to errors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From an analysis of 60 deindividuation studies,Tom...

Question 14

In the context of self- awareness,research by Ed Diener (1980)and Steven Prentice-Dunn and Ronald Rogers (1980,1989)revealed that unself-conscious,deindividuated people are _____ than normal,conscious individuals.

A)more responsive to a situation
B)less likely to act without thinking about their own values
C)highly self-regulated
D)constrained and less expressive

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of self- awareness,research by...

Question 15

Research by Johnson and Downing (1979)found that&#10;A)people wearing nurses' uniforms became more aggressive in administering shock than those who were not anonymous.&#10;B)people wearing nurses' uniforms delivered as much shock as those who were anonymous.&#10;C)people wearing nurses' uniforms delivered as much shock as those wearing Ku Klux Klan- style outfits.&#10;D)people wearing nurses' uniforms became less aggressive in administering shock than those who were not anonymous.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research by Johnson and Downing (1979)found that&#10;A)people...

Question 16

An effect of deindividuation is&#10;A)diminished self-restraint.&#10;B)increased self-awareness.&#10;C)social facilitation.&#10;D)a risky shift.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An effect of deindividuation is&#10;A)diminished self-restraint.&#10;B)increased self-awareness.&#10;C)social...

Deck 19: Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone