Deck 12: Human Nature and Cultural Diversity

Question 1

Zoe has lived in the United States all her life,yet her Greek grandmother made sure that Zoe was fluent in the Greek language so she would understand the Greek way of life.What has Zoe's grandmother passed on to her?

A)a belief
B)a norm
C)a culture
D)a value

Answer 1

a culture

Question 2

_____ is the study of the evolution of cognition and behavior using principles of natural selection.

A)Evolutionary adaptation
B)Evolutionary psychology
C)Natural adaptation
D)Natural selection

Answer 2

Evolutionary psychology

Question 3

One of the most important similarities in humans is our capacity

A)for self-destruction.
B)for altruism.
C)to dominate other species.
D)to learn and adapt.

Answer 3

to learn and adapt.

Question 4

Compared to other species,humans are _____ restricted by their genetics.

A)less
B)more
C)similarly
D)not

Question 5

According to Myers,most Americans maintain a personal space between themselves and strangers of approximately

A)4 feet or less.
B)4 feet or more.
C)2 feet or less.
D)2 feet or more.

Question 6

Seven-year-old Mary says "thank you" after opening each birthday present she receives because her family considers it to be proper behavior.This best illustrates the influence of a

A)norm.
B)schema.
C)role.
D)stereotype.

Question 7

Although there are many unoccupied tables in the restaurant,Rudolph decides to sit at the same table as James.He also occupies the chair nearest to James,which makes James feel uncomfortable because Rudolph has violated

A)his social role.
B)his personal space.
C)Brown's universal norm.
D)his personal rights.

Question 8

Norms _____ behavior.

A)describe
B)prescribe
C)change
D)are the result of

Question 9

Evolutionary psychology studies

A)physical traits.
B)psychological traits.
C)both physical and psychological traits.
D)neither physical nor psychological traits.

Question 10

According to a study on rule breaking,Koreans,in comparison to Americans,were more likely to avoid co-workers who were vegetarians.This reflects how cultures vary in their

A)attitudes.
B)norms.
C)beliefs.
D)values.

Question 11

Given the logic of evolutionary psychology,we can assume our distant ancestors preferred _____ foods.

A)salty
B)bitter and sour
C)nutritious and energy-providing
D)vegetarian

Question 12

According to natural selection,those genes that are best suited to an environment are likely to

A)struggle and then perish.
B)perish.
C)survive yet struggle.
D)survive and reproduce.

Question 13

The enduring behaviors,ideas,attitudes,and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next are called

A)beliefs.
B)norms.
C)cultures.
D)values.

Question 14

The _____ perspective highlights our shared human nature.

A)evolutionary
B)cultural
C)normative
D)diversity

Question 15

According to anthropologists,early humans developed differences due to

A)original genetic diversity.
B)their migration across Africa.
C)intermarriages.
D)competition.

Question 16

The buffer space we like to maintain around our bodies is called our personal

A)zone.
B)space.
C)place.
D)distance.

Question 17

The evolutionary process by which nature selects traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce in particular environmental niches is called

A)evolutionary adaptation.
B)evolutionary psychology.
C)natural adaptation.
D)natural selection.

Question 18

Your family is anticipating the arrival of an exchange student from Latin America.Being a student of social psychology,you are aware that the student's preference for personal space will likely

A)be greater than your family's.
B)be less than your family's.
C)be the same as your family's.
D)depend on the situation.

Question 19

Punctuality is one of the _____ of North American businesspeople.

A)attitudes
B)norms
C)values
D)characteristics

Question 20

Those living _____ prefer more personal distance space than those living _____.

A)closer to the equator; farther away from the equator
B)in Central America; in Iceland
C)in Latin America; in North America
D)farther away from the equator; closer to the equator

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true of universal status norms?

A)Forms of address communicate social distance and social status.
B)People talk to lower-status people in the respectful way they talk to strangers.
C)Advances in intimacy are usually suggested by the lower-status person.
D)These norms are limited to the usage of language in various cultures.

Question 22

In the context of universal status norms,who is more likely to suggest advances in intimacy?

A)a higher-status person
B)a lower-status person
C)a tourist
D)a child

Question 23

The best-known universal norm is the

A)respect given to strangers.
B)form of address used to communicate.
C)importance of eye contact in a conversation.
D)taboo against incest.

Question 24

Which of the following is a universal friendship norm?

A)making eye contact while talking
B)respecting your friend's privacy
C)maintaining a personal space of less than 4 feet
D)not divulging things said in confidence

Question 25

Brown (1987)reported that in many languages,forms of address,such as the distinction between formal and informal varieties of "you," communicate not only social distance but also

A)social complexity.
B)social status.
C)personal space.
D)fate control.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true of personal space?

A)On uncrowded buses,people tend to prefer a small personal space.
B)Children maintain less distance from one another than do adults.
C)Men keep more distance from one another than do women.
D)Cultures near the equator prefer more space than those away from the equator.

Question 27

Which of the following is a universal norm according to the textbook?

A)cannibalism
B)taboo against incest
C)female genital mutilation
D)public nudity