Question 1

Amy reads a research article and feels like it didn't tell her anything that she didn't already know.This scenario illustrates&#10;A)hindsight bias.&#10;B)foresight bias.&#10;C)confirmation bias.&#10;D)correspondence bias.

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias occurs when people feel after learning an outcome that they already knew it would happen, which is what Amy is experiencing.

Question 2

The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon can often lead students of social psychology&#10;A)to overprepare for an exam.&#10;B)to study just the right amount for an exam.&#10;C)to befuddle during an exam.&#10;D)None of the answers is correct.

Accepted Answer

The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon can cause students to become overconfident in their knowledge and understanding of social psychology concepts, leading them to make careless mistakes on exams or be thrown off by unexpected questions. Therefore, the best choice is C, that it can cause befuddlement during an exam.

Question 3

The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon is also called&#10;A)retrospective bias.&#10;B)information bias.&#10;C)prediction bias.&#10;D)hindsight bias.

Accepted Answer

The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon refers to the tendency for people to believe, after an event has occurred, that they would have predicted or expected the outcome. This is also known as hindsight bias, making option D the correct answer. Option A (retrospective bias) is a more general term that refers to any bias that results from looking back on past events. Option B (information bias) refers to bias that arises from incomplete or inaccurate information. Option C (prediction bias) is not a commonly used term and does not accurately describe the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.

Question 4

Which of the following is a consequence of the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon?&#10;A)It results in individuals with extreme behavior returning toward their average.&#10;B)It makes the likelihood of decision makers to be praised for making &#34;obvious&#34; good choices very high.&#10;C)It makes individuals overestimate their own intellectual powers.&#10;D)It results in individuals not blaming themselves for handling a person or a situation poorly.

Accepted Answer

The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon leads individuals to overestimate their own intellectual powers and believe that they knew the outcome of a situation or decision all along, even if they did not. It can result in individuals having unwarranted confidence in their abilities and decision-making skills.

Question 5

Starting after the 9/11 terror attack and working backward,hindsight critics are more likely to&#10;A)be positively impressed by the overall decision-making process.&#10;B)blame the FBI for being unable to connect the dots.&#10;C)forgive the authorities for making understandable mistakes during the crisis.&#10;D)confirm the existing decision-making strategies.

Accepted Answer

The hindsight bias often leads critics to blame the FBI for not being able to connect the dots that could have prevented the 9/11 attack. This is because, in hindsight, it seems obvious that the information was available and could have been used to prevent the attack.

Question 6

Hindsight bias contributes to the idea that&#10;A)psychological experiments lack mundane realism.&#10;B)social psychology is potentially dangerous.&#10;C)the results of psychological experiments are mere common sense.&#10;D)psychological experiments lack experimental realism.

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias is the tendency for people to perceive events that have already occurred as being more predictable than they actually were before they took place. This means that people might see the results of psychological experiments as being "common sense" because they feel like they could have predicted the outcome themselves. This can lead to an underestimation of the complexity of psychological research and the importance of conducting experiments to test theories.

Question 7

Which of the following biases is defined as the tendency to exaggerate,after learning an outcome,one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out?&#10;A)hindsight bias&#10;B)impact bias&#10;C)omission bias&#10;D)projection bias

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias (also known as the "I-knew-it-all-along" effect) is the tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome. This bias can lead people to overestimate their ability to have foreseen an outcome, and to discount the role that situational or contextual factors may have played in shaping events.

Question 8

The conclusion to be drawn from research on hindsight bias is that our common sense is usually&#10;A)wrong.&#10;B)wrong,after the fact.&#10;C)right.&#10;D)right,after the fact.

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias refers to the tendency to see events as having been predictable after they have already occurred, suggesting that our common sense seems right after the fact.

Question 9

When asked who you think will win the next presidential election,you reply that you do not know.However,after the election results are reported,you claim that it was obvious all along.This is an example of

A)retrospective bias.
B)information bias.
C)prediction bias.
D)hindsight bias.

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of hindsight bias, which is the tendency to believe that an event was more predictable after it has occurred than it actually was before it happened. This bias can occur when people forget the level of uncertainty they had before the event and become overconfident in their ability to predict the outcome after the fact.

Deck 2: Did You Know It All Along