Deck 21: Environmental Health

Question 1

Sewage sludge is sometimes used as a fertilizer, unless it is contaminated with

A) high concentrations of water purifiers.
B) high concentrations of fluoride.
C) agricultural chemicals.
D) heavy metals.

Answer 1

heavy metals.

Question 2

In , many kinds of waste materials are collected and used as raw materials in the production of new products.

A) recycling
B) sanitary landfills
C) composting
D) biodegradation

Answer 2

recycling

Question 3

What is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking tobacco?

A) carbon monoxide
B) mesothelioma
C) radon
D) marijuana

Answer 3

radon

Question 4

The water treatment that helps reduce tooth decay is

A) chlorination.
B) disinfection.
C) fluoridation.
D) filtration.

Question 5

The pain threshold is:

A) 100 decibels.
B) 110 decibels.
C) 120 decibels.
D) 130 decibels.

Question 6

You can help save the ozone layer by doing all of the following, EXCEPT

A) checking your car's air conditioner for leaks.
B) not buying products that contain CFCs.
C) asking your physician for an ozone-safe inhaler.
D) using rigid foam insulation in your home.

Question 7

Gamma rays have ____________ wavelength and energy.

A) short; low
B) long; low
C) long; high
D) short; high

Question 8

A normal conversation is about:

A) 50 decibels.
B) 60 decibels.
C) 70 decibels.
D) 80 decibels.

Question 9

The Air Quality Health Index is used for all of the following, EXCEPT

A) nitrogen dioxide.
B) natural gas.
C) particulate matter.
D) ground-level ozone.

Question 10

Hearing damage can occur after eight hours exposure to sounds louder than:

A) 60 decibels.
B) 70 decibels.
C) 80 decibels.
D) 90 decibels.

Question 11

The key component of smog is

A) particulate matter.
B) ground-level ozone.
C) sulfur dioxide.
D) carbon monoxide.

Question 12

Tropical rainforests are being destroyed at the rate of one half hectare every

A) hour.
B) second.
C) month.
D) week.

Question 13

What percentage of the greenhouse effect may be attributable to carbon dioxide?

A) 25%
B) 45%
C) 60%
D) 10%

Question 14

About what percentage of energy used in Canada comes from oil?

A) 32%
B) 41%
C) 56%
D) 25%

Question 15

Sanitary landfills are primarily used to dispose of

A) sewage.
B) solid waste.
C) radioactive waste.
D) recyclables.

Question 16

How many people die annually from water-related causes in Canada?

A) 15
B) 40
C) 90
D) 200

Question 17

A gas or vapour that traps infrared radiation instead of allowing it to escape through the atmosphere is called a(n)

A) global warming ozone.
B) air stagnator.
C) greenhouse gas.
D) temperature inversion column.

Question 18

Sewage contains primarily

A) paper waste.
B) radioactive waste.
C) heavy metals.
D) human feces.

Question 19

Rodents that carry disease-causing microorganisms are referred to as

A) transporters.
B) vectors.
C) sectors.
D) carriers.

Question 20

Water is usually disinfected by using

A) chlorine.
B) fluoride.
C) filtration.
D) screening.

Question 21

The respiratory disease most closely associated with asbestos is

A) brown lung disease.
B) bronchitis.
C) lung cancer.
D) black lung disease.

Question 22

If the greenhouse effect does raise temperatures worldwide, it is predicted that all of the following will happen, EXCEPT

A) increased mortality from heat stress.
B) change in weather and ocean patterns.
C) distortion of the earth's orbital path.
D) change in location of vegetation zones.

Question 23

According to scientists, what is likely to happen to the earth's average surface temperature at the end of the twenty-first century?

A) It will increase from 1.1-6.4 degrees C.
B) Scientists refuse to speculate on temperatures that far in the future.
C) It will remain about the same.
D) It will increase, but only about 1 degree C.

Question 24

The Air Quality Health Index measures:

A) deterioration in the ozone layer.
B) amount that visibility is diminished by smog.
C) level of carbon monoxide over the previous ten days.
D) whether air pollution levels pose a health concern for Canadians.

Question 25

According to the World Health Organization, people do not have access to safe drinking water.

A) 6 million
B) 3.1 billion
C) 1 million
D) 1.8 billion

Question 26

One potential drawback with the use of ethanol as an alternative energy source is

A) that it is a non-renewable energy source.
B) that it will increase greenhouse gas emissions.
C) that it cannot be produced in Canada.
D) the diversion of corn crops from the food supply.

Question 27

According to Environment Canada, CFLs are cost efficient because they use % less energy than traditional incandescent light.

A) 50
B) 75
C) 25
D) 90

Question 28

Ozone levels have declined by what percentage since 1980?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 10%
D) 5%

Question 29

There will be more people age 60 and over than children by

A) 2100.
B) 2050.
C) 2005.
D) 2010.

Question 30

Release of into the atmosphere is the primary cause of the depletion of the ozone layer.

A) fluorine
B) PCBs
C) ethanol
D) chlorofluorocarbons

Question 31

Which of the following pollutants causes central nervous system damage and mental impairment and is a particular risk for children living in older buildings?

A) asbestos
B) carbon monoxide
C) lead
D) formaldehyde gas

Question 32

Which of the following medical conditions has(have) been linked to air pollution?

A) reduced birth weight
B) decreased blood supply
C) reduced lung capacity in teenagers
D) thickening of the arteries in adults

Question 33

The United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity states that the population's demand for resources already exceeds Earth's capacity by %.

A) 30
B) 20
C) 10
D) 40

Question 34

The greenhouse effect is related to

A) acid rain.
B) ecological homeostasis.
C) global warming.
D) smog.

Question 35

A mineral-based compound that was widely used for fire protection and insulation in buildings until the 1980s is:

A) radon.
B) asbestos.
C) fiberglass.
D) spray foam.

Question 36

Which of the following often contributes to major smog occurrences?

A) heavy motor vehicle traffic, lack of wind, and high temperatures and sunny weather
B) lack of wind
C) high temperatures and sunny weather
D) heavy motor vehicle traffic

Question 37

When toxic or potentially toxic substances build up in the food chain, the process is called

A) radiation sickness.
B) bioloading.
C) vector transmission.
D) biomagnification.

Question 38

Cell phones have _____________ wavelength and energy.

A) short; low
B) long; low
C) long; high
D) short; high

Question 39

What is the process by which organic substances are broken down naturally by living organisms?

A) organic oxygenation
B) recycling
C) biodegradation
D) septic systemization

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT considered "e-waste"?

A) old televisions
B) old cell phones
C) used computer paper
D) old computers

Question 41

Ground level ozone has been linked with all of the following, EXCEPT

A) increasing one's risk of lung cancer.
B) aggravating asthma.
C) damaging the lining of the lungs.
D) reducing lung function.

Question 42

Which one of the following is NOT one of the four Rs of green consumerism presented in your text?

A) recycle
B) reuse
C) reduce
D) refuse

Question 43

UV levels under the Antarctic hole in the ozone layer were high enough to cause sunburn within how many minutes?

A) 15
B) 20
C) 7
D) 30

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a source of greenhouse gas emissions?

A) nitrous oxide
B) methane
C) carbon monoxide
D) ozone

Question 45

Which one of the following statements is FALSE about the effects of noise?

A) Federal, provincial, and territorial governments set legal standards for noise levels in the workplace.
B) Permanent hearing loss occurs within the first 2 hours of exposure to sounds above 60 decibels.
C) Permanent hearing loss can occur from prolonged exposure to sounds above 80-85 decibels.
D) Children may suffer damage to their hearing at noise levels lower than when adults would suffer damage.

Question 46

A naturally occurring metal found in some foods and consumer products that has been linked to brain, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract damage is

A) aluminum.
B) silver.
C) mercury.
D) iron.

Question 47

In 2015, what percentage of mammals are threatened?

A) 45
B) 26
C) 32
D) 10

Question 48

If a product is able to break down naturally, safely, and quickly into raw materials of nature then disappear back into the environment, it is called:

A) biofriendly.
B) biodegradable.
C) combustible.
D) recyclable.

Question 49

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Canadian water systems?

A) In most areas of Canada, water systems supply adequate, dependable, and safe water.
B) Hazardous chemicals from manufacturing do not infiltrate water systems in Canada.
C) Water shortages are not a concern in the Canada.
D) No Canadians have died from contaminated water in the last 10 years.

Question 50

Exposure to can cause headaches, chronic bronchitis, dizziness, fatigue, and death.

A) asbestos
B) carbon monoxide
C) environmental tobacco smoke
D) formaldehyde gas

Question 51

Levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases are rising because of

A) acid rain.
B) the destruction of the ozone layer.
C) water pollution.
D) combustion of fossil fuels.

Question 52

Thinning of the ozone layer has been noted over all of the following countries, EXCEPT:

A) United States.
B) New Zealand.
C) Germany.
D) Canada.

Question 53

are the biggest energy consumers.

A) Europeans
B) Russians
C) Americans
D) Scandinavians

Question 54

The form of radiation that poses the most serious risk to human health is _____________ radiation.

A) microwave
B) X-ray
C) infrared
D) gamma

Question 55

A naturally occurring radioactive gas found in soils, rocks, and building materials is:

A) hydrogen.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) ozone
D) radon.

Question 56

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding factors contributing to population growth?

A) High child mortality rates are associated with low fertility rates.
B) Death rates have decreased in the developing world due to improved public health measures.
C) Families have more children to ensure enough survive childhood to work for the household.
D) Half the world's couples do not use any form of family planning.

Question 57

Hearing damage can occur after one minute of exposure to sounds louder than:

A) 80 decibels.
B) 90 decibels.
C) 100 decibels.
D) 110 decibels.

Question 58

A self-contained sewage disposal system is a

A) slush system.
B) drain field.
C) sluice system.
D) septic system.

Question 59

In 2015, what percentage of amphibians are threatened?

A) 56
B) 41
C) 27
D) 11

Question 60

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the earth's polar ice caps?

A) Polar ice melts cause the stabilization of global weather patterns.
B) Experts now believe that polar ice melting will not be a problem for future generations.
C) Since 2007, there has been less polar ice melting than there was from 2000 to 2006.
D) By 2030, the polar ice could melt way completely during the summer months.

Question 61

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding air pollution?

A) Increased population growth, especially in urban areas, concentrates the problem.
B) Nuclear energy seems to be the solution to air pollution.
C) Air pollution occurs with every pollen bloom.
D) Research has linked exposure to air pollution to reduced birth weight in infants.

Question 62

In 2063, it is estimated that the Canadian population will number:

A) 35 million
B) 40 million
C) 51 million
D) 42.5 million

Question 63

World population is increasing at the approximate rate of 83 million people per

A) year.
B) week.
C) decade.
D) month.

Question 64

Alec has graduated from college and is moving to a large city to start a new job. Once he arrives, he plans to buy his first new car. As Alec has asthma and is concerned about the effects of air pollution, he wants to consider environmental factors in his choice of vehicle and in his driving habits. He also wants to avoid asthma-related health problems associated with air pollution. If Alec wants to reduce the chance that he is contributing to the formation of smog, he should limit his driving time/distance in all of the following areas or conditions, EXCEPT

A) cold weather.
B) a valley surrounded by mountains.
C) sunny weather.
D) times of heaviest traffic.

Question 65

Eating large amounts of which of the following foods can expose you to high levels of mercury?

A) pork
B) chicken
C) fish
D) beef

Question 66

Which of the following does NOT contribute to air pollution?

A) battery-driven golf carts
B) dust storms
C) blooming flowers
D) forest fire

Question 67

Alec has graduated from college and is moving to a large city to start a new job. Once he arrives, he plans to buy his first new car. As Alec has asthma and is concerned about the effects of air pollution, he wants to consider environmental factors in his choice of vehicle and in his driving habits. He also wants to avoid asthma-related health problems associated with air pollution. An environmentally friendly driving style includes all of the following, EXCEPT

A) limiting the use of air conditioning.
B) avoiding quick starts.
C) keeping tires slightly underinflated.
D) staying within the speed limit.

Question 68

A major contributor to the loss of biodiversity is

A) population growth.
B) tourism.
C) crop harvesting year round.
D) technology.

Question 69

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding poverty and health?

A) Asthma is a growing problem in poor families.
B) Studies show that children from wealthy families have higher concentrations of lead in their blood than do children from poor families.
C) Residents living in poor neighborhoods are often exposed to more environmental toxins than residents living in wealthier communities.
D) Poor neighborhoods are common sites for hazardous waste pollution.

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT considered a recommendation for reducing garbage?

A) Avoid using paper cups by bringing your own china coffee mug to work.
B) Using glass or plastic containers to store food.
C) Use foil or plastic wraps to store food.
D) Buy products with the least amount of packaging.

Question 71

Alec has graduated from college and is moving to a large city to start a new job. Once he arrives, he plans to buy his first new car. As Alec has asthma and is concerned about the effects of air pollution, he wants to consider environmental factors in his choice of vehicle and in his driving habits. He also wants to avoid asthma-related health problems associated with air pollution. Which of the following is likely to emit the lowest amount of greenhouse gases?

A) an HEV
B) an SUV
C) a conventional midsize car
D) a conventional compact car

Question 72

The ultimate solution to the problem of garbage is

A) burning.
B) sea burial.
C) land burial.
D) reduced consumption.

Question 73

E85 fuel means :

A) 85% gasoline
B) 85% hydroelectric
C) 85% pure
D) 85% ethanol

Question 74

Areas where asbestos is most likely to be found include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) boiler wraps.
B) ceramic tile.
C) ceiling insulation.
D) furnaces.

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a factor directly related to population control?

A) habitat destruction
B) fertility rates
C) death rates
D) availability of family planning

Question 76

In 2000, how many people became ill in Walkerton due to E. coli in the drinking water supply?

A) 2,000
B) 1,000
C) 2,500
D) 5,000

Question 77

Biological pollutants include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) paints.
B) animal dander.
C) dust mites.
D) bacteria.

Question 78

Ozone loss increases the risk of

A) birth defects.
B) vision impairments.
C) melanoma.
D) hearing loss.

Question 79

Alec has graduated from college and is moving to a large city to start a new job. Once he arrives, he plans to buy his first new car. As Alec has asthma and is concerned about the effects of air pollution, he wants to consider environmental factors in his choice of vehicle and in his driving habits. He also wants to avoid asthma-related health problems associated with air pollution. Because of his asthma, Alec should limit his outdoor exertion time when the AQHI value exceeds

A) 10.
B) 5.
C) 7.
D) 100.

Question 80

What is the core reason for many of today's environmental problems?

A) air pollution
B) dependence on nuclear power
C) water pollution
D) rapid population growth