Deck 3: Stress: the Constant Challenge

Question 1

Acts of violence, industrial accidents, and intrusive noises are examples of

A) environmental stressors.
B) social stressors.
C) internal stressors.
D) external stressors.

Answer 1

environmental stressors.

Question 2

Which of the following can mimic the effects of your body's nature painkillers?

A) marijuana
B) heroine
C) alcohol
D) nicotine

Answer 2

heroine

Question 3

Peak concentrations of the levels of stress hormones in the bloodstream occur

A) just before bedtime.
B) during the final stages of sleep.
C) just after lunch.
D) just before dinner.

Answer 3

during the final stages of sleep.

Question 4

A helpful behaviour in dealing with stressful situations is to

A) attempt to fulfill others' expectations.
B) keep a mental log of past mistakes and errors as an instant reference.
C) work hard so that you can play hard.
D) cultivate the ability to laugh at yourself.

Question 5

The somatic nervous system manages

A) the fight-or-flight reaction to a stressor.
B) conscious actions.
C) hormones released in response to a stressor.
D) emotions.

Question 6

All of the following may result from the fight-or-flight response, EXCEPT:

A) decreased pancreatic secretions.
B) increased blood sugar.
C) decreased digestion.
D) increased saliva secretion.

Question 7

The sum of cognitive, behavioural, and emotional tendencies refers to one's

A) wellness.
B) personality.
C) happiness.
D) ability to succeed in life.

Question 8

Progressive relaxation techniques

A) can be quite complex and difficult to master.
B) increase heart rate.
C) involve tensing and then relaxing the muscles in your body.
D) involve a lot of imagination and willpower.

Question 9

Situations that trigger physical and emotional reactions are termed

A) distress.
B) stress responses.
C) stressors.
D) unmanaged stress.

Question 10

Which one of the following is a cognitive technique for stress management?

A) thinking constructively
B) imagery
C) progressive relaxation
D) meditation

Question 11

According to Statistics Canada, the percentage of Canadians over age 15 who report that most days feel stressed is

A) 33%.
B) 23%.
C) 12%.
D) 17%.

Question 12

The way in which an individual responds to stress is influenced by all of the following, EXCEPT

A) biological predispositions.
B) personality.
C) past experiences and current circumstances.
D) familial response.

Question 13

Which one of the following is NOT a cognitive technique for stress management?

A) setting moderate expectations
B) solving problems
C) maintaining positivity
D) using imagery

Question 14

Which one of the following has NOT been linked to unmanaged stress?

A) psychological problems
B) glaucoma
C) digestive problems
D) premature labour

Question 15

The state of physical, mental, and social exhaustion is called:

A) stress.
B) uncertainty.
C) depression.
D) burnout.

Question 16

The first step in creating a personal plan for managing stress is to

A) investigate support groups.
B) design your plan.
C) identify your stressors.
D) seek professional help.

Question 17

Stress has been found to contribute to all of the following psychological problems, EXCEPT

A) eating disorders.
B) happiness.
C) post-traumatic stress disorder.
D) depression.

Question 18

During the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the body

A) is in a relaxed state.
B) responds to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
C) can no longer react effectively to normal life situations.
D) readjusts, regulating body systems to establish a new level of homeostasis.

Question 19

Which of the following nervous systems manages John's moves as he participates in a spinning exercise class?

A) parasympathetic
B) autonomic
C) somatic
D) sympathetic

Question 20

Which one of the following statements is TRUE of progressive relaxation?

A) It requires no willpower or imagination.
B) It is the only relaxation technique that also permits you to achieve cardiovascular fitness benefits.
C) It is based on the use of your imagination and your skill at imagery.
D) It increases oxygen consumption to the muscles.

Question 21

About 90 percent of all headaches are

A) tension headaches.
B) cluster headaches.
C) migraines.
D) sinus headaches.

Question 22

Which of the following body reactions is characteristic of the stress response?

A) Your pupils constrict.
B) Your blood pressure increases.
C) Your heart rate decreases.
D) Your digestion speeds up.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding a high allostatic load?

A) A high allostatic load is linked with hypertension.
B) A high allostatic load is linked with physical wellness.
C) A high allostatic load is linked with heart disease.
D) A high allostatic load is linked with obesity.

Question 24

During the stress response, which of the following changes does NOT occur throughout the body as a result of epinephrine being released?

A) Your hearing and vision become more acute, and your bronchi dilate and allow more air into the lungs.
B) Your hearing and vision become more acute.
C) Your bronchi constrict and allow more air into the lungs.
D) Your liver releases more sugar into the blood.

Question 25

The study of the interactions among the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system:

A) gerontology.
B) psychology.
C) psychoneuroimmunity.
D) thanatology.

Question 26

Tom is very anxious about an upcoming exam. He has no appetite, is easily distracted, and has a headache. In what stage of the general adaptation syndrome is Tom?

A) exhaustion
B) resistance
C) acceleration
D) alarm

Question 27

Which statement about people with hardy personalities is FALSE?

A) They view stressors as challenges.
B) They tend to believe their lives are controlled by outside factors.
C) They feel at least partly in control of their lives.
D) They tend to perceive fewer situations as stressful.

Question 28

Mohammed just received an F on his term paper. Which type of stress is he likely to experience?

A) unmanaged stress
B) eustress
C) malstress
D) distress

Question 29

The primary male hormone responsible for many masculine traits is:

A) testosterone.
B) oxytocin.
C) glucagon.
D) estrogen.

Question 30

All of these are considered counterproductive coping strategies, EXCEPT

A) drug abuse.
B) alcohol use.
C) tobacco use.
D) use of a multivitamin.

Question 31

Once the stressful situation ends, your parasympathetic nervous system

A) increases perspiration.
B) increases heart rate.
C) slows breathing.
D) slows digestion

Question 32

The result of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome may include all of the following, EXCEPT

A) disorganized thinking.
B) death.
C) maintenance of homeostasis.
D) distorted perceptions.

Question 33

During the stress response, the human adrenal glands release

A) norepinephrine.
B) epinephrine.
C) adrenocorticotropic hormone.
D) endorphins.

Question 34

What percentage of Canadian college and university students are interested in receiving information from their schools about how to help others in distress?

A) 50%
B) 35%
C) 63%
D) 13%

Question 35

The system of glands, tissues, and cells that helps control body functions by releasing hormones is the

A) endocrine system.
B) reproductive system.
C) central nervous system.
D) digestive system.

Question 36

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is the study of the interaction among all the following systems, EXCEPT the system.

A) endocrine
B) respiratory
C) immune
D) nervous

Question 37

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is activated during all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) severe pain.
B) fear.
C) exercise.
D) digesting food.

Question 38

The autonomic nervous system controls all the following, EXCEPT the

A) ability to write.
B) speed of your heart rate.
C) ability to digest food.
D) ability to alter your blood pressure.

Question 39

GAS is an acronym for

A) general acceleration due to stress.
B) general adaptation syndrome.
C) genetically alleviated stress.
D) growth adjustment of stress.

Question 40

The majority of migraine sufferers are

A) women.
B) teenagers.
C) elderly.
D) men.

Question 41

Sue has been attending university for about a month. During the past week, she has been having trouble sleeping, experiencing headaches, and is having trouble concentrating, especially when she has an upcoming test. Which of the following strategies would NOT help alleviate Sue's symptoms?

A) learning and practicing muscle relaxation
B) devising a study plan
C) practice deep breathing exercise during stressful times
D) ignoring the symptoms because they will go away with time

Question 42

Exercise stimulates which of the following?

A) analgesia (pain relief).
B) heightened emotions.
C) death of cells.
D) tension.

Question 43

A stress management technique that focuses primarily on your breathing pattern is called

A) hatha yoga.
B) tai chi.
C) laughter.
D) deep breathing.

Question 44

The type of resilience in which a person may react strongly to a stressor but returns to baseline functioning quickly afterwards is:

A) homeostatic.
B) positive growth.
C) nonreactive.
D) reactive.

Question 45

Which of the following may reduce the stress response by promoting activity of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) water
D) fats

Question 46

Approximately of Canadians use television, alcohol, cigarettes, or food as coping devices against stress.

A) 45%
B) 65%
C) 25%
D) 75%

Question 47

Laughter does all of the following, EXCEPT

A) lower blood pressure.
B) aid digestion.
C) increase pulse rate.
D) ease pain.

Question 48

In terms of time-management strategies, which one of the following is NOT considered helpful to you in improving your efficiency at completing your tasks?

A) memorizing your goals
B) writing down your goals
C) aiming for realistic goals
D) allowing more time to achieve your goals than you actually expect them to take

Question 49

Laughter may be the best medicine for stress because after a good laugh your

A) blood pressure is increased.
B) muscles are relaxed.
C) stress levels return to their pre-laughter level.
D) heart rate is increased.

Question 50

Which one of the following has NOT been linked to a high allostatic load?

A) obesity and hypertension
B) hypertension
C) enhanced immune function
D) obesity

Question 51

Unrealistic expectations are a type of stressor.

A) interpersonal
B) environmental
C) social
D) internal

Question 52

If you are still emotionally distressed days or weeks after a tragic event,

A) consider taking a leave of absence from work.
B) that is normal; give yourself more time.
C) consider sharing your feelings with others.
D) consider seeking professional help.

Question 53

Which of the following would be the LEAST effective strategy for coping with stress?

A) maintaining a strong social support system
B) improving time-management skills
C) denying the reality of the stress
D) exercising

Question 54

Carey would like to use meditation to help her manage her stress. Which of the following is likely to happen as a result of her use of this technique?

A) It will help her visualize her tasks that need to be completely in a more efficient way.
B) It will help her rehearse upcoming events so that stress in her life will be reduced.
C) It will help her to analyze the stressors in her life more effectively.
D) It will help her tune out the world, temporarily removing sources of stress.

Question 55

A person who suppresses anger and feels hopeless has characteristics of which personality type?

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

Question 56

The fight-or-flight reaction occurs during which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A) resistance
B) exhaustion
C) recovery
D) alarm

Question 57

All of the following occur in non-REM sleep, EXCEPT

A) the release of growth hormone.
B) the occurrence of dreams.
C) a drop in heart rate.
D) slower and more even brain waves.

Question 58

Which neurotransmitter is used by the sympathetic nervous system to exert its actions?

A) norepinephrine.
B) GABA.
C) dopamine.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 59

The biggest single time-management problem for most people is

A) procrastination.
B) list writing.
C) overconfidence.
D) goal setting.

Question 60

The primary determinant of the health consequences of stress is

A) how long the stress has been present.
B) how the individual responds to the stress.
C) whether it is pleasant or unpleasant stress.
D) whether it is emotional or physical stress.

Question 61

Emotional symptoms of excess stress include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) irritability.
B) anxiety.
C) edginess.
D) social isolation.

Question 62

Chemicals that can inhibit or block sensations of pain are:

A) serotonin.
B) endorphins.
C) norepinephrine.
D) GABA.

Question 63

Ineffective behavioural responses to stressors include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) overeating.
B) limiting alcohol consumption.
C) expressing hostility.
D) using tobacco.

Question 64

Which one of the following is a stressor?

A) high fever
B) rapid pulse
C) bad grade
D) sweaty palms

Question 65

The term stress refers to

A) a physical reaction to fright.
B) any imbalance of homeostasis.
C) an unpleasant situation that disrupts normal activity.
D) situations that can trigger physical and emotional reactions.

Question 66

The type of resilience in which a person learns and grows from the stress experience is:

A) nonreactive.
B) positive growth.
C) homeostatic.
D) reactive.

Question 67

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding stress?

A) Changes in one's life are significant stressors.
B) Positive events are less stressful than negative events.
C) Financial problems are significant stressors.
D) The university years are often one of the most stressful periods of a person's life.

Question 68

An example of a resilient person would be

A) a low-income student graduating from university.
B) a person with a disability going undiagnosed.
C) a fit person completing a marathon.
D) an intelligent person failing an exam.

Question 69

The long-term wear and tear of the stress response has been termed

A) distress.
B) the allostatic load.
C) homeostasis.
D) eustress.

Question 70

Regarding a good night's sleep,

A) the more sleep you get, the lower your stress levels.
B) an increase in total sleep time causes an increase in the level of stress hormones.
C) the average Canadian sleeps an average of 8 hours per night.
D) the body is completely still and relaxed during REM.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding exercise and its ability to help manage stress?

A) Exercise reduces anxiety levels.
B) Exercise enhances one's sense of general well-being.
C) Exercise decreases tension.
D) Exercise reduces energy levels.

Question 72

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that is activated when a person is exposed to a stressor is the nervous system.

A) central
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) somatic

Question 73

The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system

A) activates the endocrine system.
B) aids in digestion and promoting growth.
C) is in control when one is frightened or angry.
D) is responsible for mobilizing energy sources for use in a crisis.

Question 74

Which of the following systems are responsible for your body's physical response to stressors?

A) nervous and endocrine
B) cardiovascular and respiratory
C) digestive and lymph
D) muscular and skeletal

Question 75

Which of the following does NOT occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep?

A) blood pressure drops
B) growth hormone is released
C) body temperature rises
D) brain wave patterns become slow and even.

Question 76

Philip is attempting to deal with his stress. Which of the following would NOT be helpful?

A) living in the present
B) trying to remember as much information as possible
C) thinking and acting constructively
D) keeping his expectations at moderate and achievable levels

Question 77

During REM sleep all of the following occur, EXCEPT:

A) increased contraction of muscles.
B) increased blood pressure.
C) increased breathing rate.
D) increased heart rate.

Question 78

An individual with a Type D personality is characterized by

A) having a greater tolerance of others.
B) being controlling.
C) avoiding social contact with others.
D) having difficulty expressing emotions.

Question 79

Effective behavioural responses to stressors include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) hostility.
B) exercising.
C) laughter.
D) talking.

Question 80

What percentage of postsecondary students report having at least one indicator of alcohol dependence?

A) 25%
B) 45%
C) 33%
D) 53%