Deck 2: Psychological Health

Question 1

A defense mechanism in which hostility is expressed toward someone by being covertly uncooperative or passive is

A) projection.
B) repression.
C) passive-aggressive behaviour.
D) displacement.

Answer 1

passive-aggressive behaviour.

Question 2

Which statement is FALSE regarding the development of self-esteem?

A) Rejected children may not develop feelings of self-worth.
B) It is based on experiences that occur with family and friends.
C) Children knowingly build images of themselves based on the models of their parents.
D) It is influenced by personality.

Answer 2

Children knowingly build images of themselves based on the models of their parents.

Question 3

All of the following drug categories are prescribed for treatment of psychological disorders, EXCEPT

A) stimulants.
B) hallucinogens.
C) antidepressants.
D) antipsychotics.

Answer 3

hallucinogens.

Question 4

A person with panic disorder

A) can function normally in feared situations as long as someone he trusts is with him.
B) will eventually have agoraphobia.
C) will develop the disorder in her early teenage years.
D) is not alone as approximately 2% of Canadians experience them.

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of depression?

A) loss of pleasure in doing formerly pleasurable things
B) increased social interaction
C) obsession with exercise
D) autonomy

Question 6

All of the following are characteristic of the cognitive therapeutic approach, EXCEPT

A) showing there is enough evidence for the idea fueling the anxiety.
B) showing that no disaster is going to occur.
C) suggesting different ways of looking at the situation.
D) mentally rehearsing the situation in a positive way before you actually face it.

Question 7

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder include

A) aggressive attempts to relive the stressful situation.
B) loss of memory.
C) re-experiencing of trauma in dreams.
D) uncontrollable fear of failure.

Question 8

What percentage of Canadians over the age of 15 have bipolar disorder?

A) 1.0%
B) 2.5%
C) 0.5%
D) 2%

Question 9

The model of human nature that emphasizes the effects of ideas on behaviours and feelings is the model.

A) behavioural
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) biological

Question 10

If you feel explosive anger coming on, you should

A) go to the hospital.
B) reframe what you are thinking at the moment.
C) avoid the issue/person that is upsetting you.
D) replay scenes from the past to help act in the present.

Question 11

Which of the following statements describes people who are autonomous?

A) They are inner-directed.
B) They respond only to what they feel as outside pressure.
C) They don't express their feelings because of fear of disapproval.
D) They act because they feel driven.

Question 12

The technique of exposure is used to

A) discourage people from encountering their fears.
B) introduce the patient to other frightening situations.
C) encourage people to face their fears.
D) promote avoidance of the feared situation.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a likely characteristic of a schizophrenic disorder?

A) compulsive organization
B) auditory hallucinations
C) deteriorating social functioning
D) delusions

Question 14

Psychological disorders may be a result of all of the following, EXCEPT

A) life experience.
B) poor communication skills.
C) genetic differences.
D) exposure to traumatic events.

Question 15

People with acceptance usually

A) have a lower opinion of themselves than is healthy.
B) have big egos.
C) have a positive but realistic perception of themselves.
D) feel good about themselves but are not likely to live up to their positive self-image.

Question 16

Repetitive, hard-to-resist actions associated with obsessions are

A) hallucinations.
B) phobias.
C) compulsions.
D) delusions.

Question 17

What percentage of Canadian men experience depression at some point during their lifetime?

A) 14.1%
B) 21.0%
C) 4.9%
D) 8.5%

Question 18

Defense mechanisms like humor and substitution might best be described as

A) effective solutions to minor problems.
B) personality characteristics.
C) temporary means of coping.
D) age-specific responses to stress.

Question 19

A technique that may aid in fighting demoralization is

A) keeping a journal of self-talk.
B) giving up.
C) recognizing failure.
D) use of defense mechanisms.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a myth about suicide?

A) Most people who eventually commit suicide have talked about doing it.
B) Suicide is proof of mental health problems.
C) People who succeeded in suicide really wanted to die.
D) All suicides are irrational.

Question 21

To help reduce social anxiety,

A) get out of the situation if you feel stress.
B) imagine that you are on a warm tropical island.
C) realize your nervousness is not as visible as you think.
D) avoid taking breaks during anxious situations whenever possible.

Question 22

The conflict of Erikson's first stage of development is between

A) freedom and responsibility.
B) autonomy and shame/self-doubt.
C) trust and mistrust.
D) inner-directed and outer-directed behaviour.

Question 23

Psychodynamic therapies allow the patient to

A) consume prescription medications in a safe environment.
B) think cognitively about his or her problem.
C) receive reinforcement for inappropriate behaviour.
D) speak freely with a supportive but objective person.

Question 24

A condition that causes the sufferer to fear future threats, pushing out all other thoughts, is called

A) obsessive compulsive disorder.
B) panic disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) simple phobia.

Question 25

Roger is a single father of two young daughters and has been dating Cheryl for the past 2 years. He recently learned that his company is going to be downsizing. Although Roger is financially stable, he is worried that his job is in jeopardy. He hasn't told anyone of the situation. Cheryl and his daughters have noticed that Roger is irritable and doesn't seem to be interested in doing anything. He is experiencing headaches, restlessness, and insomnia. Roger decides to seek professional help and starts seeing a cognitive therapist. Roger's symptoms are signs of

A) personality disorder.
B) depression.
C) ineffective use of defense mechanisms.
D) panic disorder.

Question 26

Though ________ attempt suicide more often, succeed more often.

A) women; men
B) blacks; whites
C) Aboriginals; whites
D) adults; teenagers

Question 27

Manic disorders are characterized by

A) the individual's limited vision of his or her potential.
B) high energy levels.
C) slow, slurred speech.
D) very focused thinking.

Question 28

What percentage of Canadian women experience depression at some point during their lifetime?

A) 14.1%
B) 5.9%
C) 19.8%
D) 12.3%

Question 29

Post-traumatic stress disorder is most likely to occur after

A) rape.
B) failure in school.
C) prolonged compulsive behaviour.
D) nightmares.

Question 30

Which of the following is a risk factor that increases the likelihood of suicide?

A) suicide of a family member or friend
B) multiple minor health problems
C) increased social interactions
D) obsession with social causes

Question 31

According to Maslow, basic human needs are ranked in the following order as they DECREASE in urgency:

A) safety, physiological needs, being loved, maintaining self-esteem, self-actualization.
B) self-actualization, physiological needs, safety, maintaining self-esteem, being loved.
C) safety, physiological needs, maintaining self-esteem, self-actualization.
D) physiological needs, safety, being loved, maintaining self-esteem, self-actualization.

Question 32

People with established identities tend to do all the following, EXCEPT

A) form intimate, lasting relationships.
B) share open communication.
C) remain isolated.
D) love and be loved.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of depression?

A) thoughts of worthlessness or guilt
B) overeating
C) too much or disturbed sleep
D) poor appetite and weight loss
E) increased energy

Question 34

Alex is a 28 year old who lives in a safe and friendly community, has a stable job, and is involved in a relationship with a loving and supportive person. According to Maslow, Alex has a chance of attaining

A) autonomy.
B) mastery in life accomplishments.
C) psychological freedom.
D) self-actualization.

Question 35

Which of the following phrases is the best description of normality?

A) what most people should do
B) what people think they should do
C) the right thing to do
D) what most people do

Question 36

The neurotransmitter that seems to be the most important in the treatment of depression is called

A) lutein.
B) dopamine.
C) acetylcholine.
D) serotonin.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is most TRUE regarding psychological health?

A) Being normal is the same as being psychologically healthy.
B) Psychological health is the absence of anxiety.
C) It is as difficult to define it as it is important to understand it.
D) Freedom from psychological disorders is a comprehensive definition of psychological health.

Question 38

According to the psychodynamic model, the basis of human behaviour is

A) generated from an innate desire to be mentally healthy.
B) rooted in the unconscious mind.
C) rooted in reasoned intellectual responses.
D) established through imitation and practice of life experiences.

Question 39

Our early identity models are most likely to be

A) celebrities.
B) peers.
C) parents.
D) political leaders.

Question 40

Stability, as it relates to self-esteem, is best described as

A) an integration of the self.
B) an unwavering positive self-image.
C) a necessary component for the establishment of a sense of love and belonging.
D) a complete absence of mixed messages about oneself from others.

Question 41

An example of an obsession is

A) constant hand washing.
B) concern of contracting syphilis from a handshake.
C) repeating someone's name five times every time you see her.
D) repeatedly checking to see if the stove is turned off.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is TRUE about shyness?

A) Shyness is often hidden from others.
B) Shy people are prevented from fulfilling their desire for social interaction by the actions of others.
C) It is the same as being introverted.
D) It usually doesn't appear as part of a person's personality until adolescence.

Question 43

Biological researchers have found genetic influences on

A) simple phobia.
B) depression.
C) social phobia.
D) post-traumatic stress syndrome.

Question 44

All of the following terms are used in the behaviourist's analysis of behavioural dysfunction, EXCEPT

A) intervention.
B) reinforcement.
C) response.
D) stimulus.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is TRUE of schizophrenia?

A) Schizophrenics can be logical in their thinking.
B) An individual can manage schizophrenia without professional help.
C) Schizophrenia is another name for "split personality."
D) Medication is not effective in treating it.

Question 46

Expressing wishes forcefully, but not necessarily hostilely, describes being

A) assertive.
B) overbearing.
C) passive.
D) aggressive.

Question 47

What percentage of Canadians aged 15 years and older experience Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

A) 3.9%
B) 1.2%
C) 5.3%
D) 2.6%

Question 48

What is the defense mechanism that allows a false, acceptable reason to be given when the real reason is unacceptable?

A) repression
B) rationalization
C) displacement
D) projection

Question 49

If you are dealing with anger in another person, you should NOT

A) accept the verbal abuse, as it is usually a temporary display.
B) react in a calm manner.
C) disengage for the time being.
D) attempt to validate the other person.

Question 50

Other-directed decision making refers to

A) intrinsic decision making.
B) satisfying your own desires.
C) seeking the approval of others.
D) value-based decision making.

Question 51

Which of the following statements about fear is false?

A) It is a useful daily tool to cope with life.
B) It is considered to be a problem if it is out of proportion to real danger.
C) It is another word for anxiety.
D) It is a basic and useful emotion.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for suicide?

A) addiction to alcohol or drugs
B) a history of previous attempts
C) readily available means
D) a high anxiety level

Question 53

Seasonal affective disorder

A) is more prevalent during seasons with more sunlight and snow.
B) has no effective treatment.
C) is more prevalent among people living at higher latitudes.
D) is more prevalent during the summer months.

Question 54

An obsession is a thought.

A) recurrent, unwanted
B) cultivated, irrational
C) rational, unwanted
D) cultivated, rational

Question 55

Which of the following statements regarding psychological health is TRUE?

A) Psychological health is freedom from all disorders.
B) Psychological health and physical health are linked.
C) Psychological health is a myth.
D) Psychological health is independent of physical health.

Question 56

Roger is a single father of two young daughters and has been dating Cheryl for the past 2 years. He recently learned that his company is going to be downsizing. Although Roger is financially stable, he is worried that his job is in jeopardy. He hasn't told anyone of the situation. Cheryl and his daughters have noticed that Roger is irritable and doesn't seem to be interested in doing anything. He is experiencing headaches, restlessness, and insomnia. Roger decides to seek professional help and starts seeing a cognitive therapist. Which one of the following approaches is Roger's therapist LEAST likely to use?

A) encouraging Roger to identify his fears and examine them logically
B) telling Roger that there is absolutely nothing to worry about
C) encouraging Roger to disclose his fears to Cheryl
D) helping Roger accept that he isn't going to experience a financial disaster

Question 57

A part of assertiveness is characterized most by

A) dominating others.
B) aggressiveness.
C) honest communication.
D) getting what you want.

Question 58

Maslow would NOT have described a self-actualized person as

A) not wasting energy trying to force people into the ideal picture of the way they should be.
B) willing to accept evidence that contradicts what one wants to believe.
C) knowing the difference between what is and what one wants.
D) remaining focused on the idea of the way things should be.

Question 59

Auditory hallucinations are characteristic of which mental health disorder?

A) bipolar disorder
B) depression
C) suicide
D) schizophrenia

Question 60

A drug commonly used to prevent mood swings associated with bipolar disorder is

A) Haldol.
B) amphetamines.
C) lithium carbonate.
D) thorazine.

Question 61

One's identity

A) changes profoundly as an adult.
B) rarely changes from year to year.
C) is established early in life.
D) is a lifelong process.

Question 62

A demoralized person would do all of the following, EXCEPT

A) minimize the success of others.
B) use all-or-nothing thinking.
C) take responsibility for poor outcomes.
D) engage in cognitive distortions.

Question 63

A 10-year-old girl learning about her capabilities in the classroom and on the playground would be in Erikson's stage of

A) industry vs. inferiority.
B) identity vs. role confusion.
C) integrity vs. despair.
D) autonomy vs. shame and doubt.

Question 64

A delusion is

A) a firmly held, false belief.
B) a form of disorganized thought.
C) similar to an auditory hallucination.
D) an obsession with a fantasy.

Question 65

People exposed to a higher number of traumatic life events than others typically

A) develop strong communication skills.
B) have greater vulnerabilities to future traumas.
C) have a genetic predisposition to these events.
D) develop worse coping skills.

Question 66

Agoraphobia is characterized by a fear of all of the following, EXCEPT

A) loss of control.
B) leaving home (in extreme cases).
C) being alone.
D) away from help.

Question 67

A person who expects failure and accepts it as deserved is called a(n)

A) masochist.
B) pessimist.
C) realist.
D) optimist.

Question 68

University students can typically find inexpensive mental health care through all of the following ways EXCEPT

A) psychology or education departments.
B) on-campus counseling centers.
C) support groups.
D) off-campus counseling centers.

Question 69

Which of the following professionals requires the most formal education?

A) psychiatrist
B) counselor
C) nurse-practitioner
D) social worker

Question 70

The development of trust begins

A) in adolescence.
B) in early adulthood.
C) in early childhood.
D) in infancy.

Question 71

A person tells a co-worker, with whom she competes for project assignments, that she'll help him with a report but then never follows through. This is an example of which defense mechanism?

A) projection
B) Substitution
C) passive-aggressive behaviour
D) displacement

Question 72

To reduce anxiety in social situations, all of the following are appropriate strategies, EXCEPT

A) practice realistic self-talk.
B) avoid frequent eye contact.
C) refocus your attention away from the stress reaction.
D) be an active listener.

Question 73

All of the following are characteristic of individuals experiencing an intermittent explosive disorder (IED), EXCEPT

A) expresses oneself constructively and assertively.
B) often accompanied by depression or another disorder.
C) may lash out uncontrollably, hurting someone else or destroying property.
D) may not think straight or act in their own best interest.

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for heading off explosive anger?

A) having a drink
B) distracting yourself
C) reframing your thoughts
D) having a cooling off period

Question 75

Which of the following attributes best characterizes manic behaviour?

A) increased energy
B) lack of appetite
C) classical depression
D) decreased sexual activity

Question 76

What percentage of North Americans describe themselves as shy?

A) 20-30%
B) 40-50%
C) 30-40%
D) 10-20%

Question 77

Which of the following is a social phobia?

A) fear of embarrassment
B) fear of animals
C) fear of seeing blood
D) fear of high places

Question 78

The model of human nature that proposes that the mind's activity depends on organic structure and genetics is the model.

A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) biological
D) behavioural

Question 79

A treatment used for severe depression when other approaches fail is

A) electroconvulsive therapy.
B) herbal therapy.
C) psychoanalysis.
D) drug therapy.

Question 80

People usually develop panic disorder in their

A) early twenties.
B) early childhood.
C) teenage years.
D) late adulthood.