Deck 17: Aging: a Vital Process

Question 1

Gayle is 42 years old, single, and does not plan to marry. She has taught school for 20 years and plans to retire in 12 more years. Last year, Gayle began to contribute to a teacher's retirement plan and to a registered retirement savings plan (RRSP). She is in good health, and her hobbies include reading, embroidery, gardening, and bowling. She attends an aerobic dance class 3 times each week and has done so for years. Gayle has a family history of diabetes, so she takes her health seriously. Gayle is beginning to notice some age-related changes in her body, but she accepts them as normal. She has a good network of friends that she vacations with every year. She likes to travel and enjoys life. Gayle's activity level will help protect her from experiencing all of the following as she ages, EXCEPT

A) osteoporosis.
B) type 2 diabetes.
C) loss of fluid intelligence.
D) declines in vision and hearing.

Answer 1

declines in vision and hearing.

Question 2

Strategies for reducing one's risk of dementia include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) adequate B vitamin consumption.
B) adequate vitamin D consumption.
C) exercising
D) omega-3 fatty acid consumption.

Answer 2

adequate vitamin D consumption.

Question 3

Community resources to help older adults remain active in their own homes include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) adult day hospital care.
B) homemaker services.
C) visiting nurses.
D) free legal aid.

Answer 3

free legal aid.

Question 4

When people lose their hearing slowly as they age it is called:

A) auditory degeneration.
B) presbyopia.
C) presbycusis.
D) cataracts.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis is FALSE?

A) Women experience greater fractures than men.
B) Women have 10-25% less bone mass than do men.
C) Black women have greater bone densities than Asian women.
D) White women have greater bone densities than black women.

Question 6

Which of the following is a good lifelong strategy for reducing the effects of osteoporosis?

A) Avoid tobacco use.
B) Avoid overexposure to the sun.
C) Avoid exercise.
D) Avoid alcohol use.

Question 7

Differences in life expectancy between males and females are due to all of the following, EXCEPT rates of

A) tobacco use.
B) injury.
C) alcohol use.
D) exercise.

Question 8

The most serious potential consequence of menopause is

A) bone fractures.
B) tooth decay.
C) memory loss.
D) joint discomfort.

Question 9

Joelene exercises on a regular basis. She can expect all of the following to happen, EXCEPT

A) maintenance of flexibility.
B) increased susceptibility to depression.
C) protection against heart attack.
D) weight management.

Question 10

A physician specializing in the diseases, disabilities, and care of older adults is a(n)

A) oncologist.
B) ageologist.
C) gerontologist.
D) geriatrician.

Question 11

What percentage of Canadians over the age of 55 retire with some debt?

A) 39
B) 49
C) 33
D) 19

Question 12

All of the following are government programs to help seniors financially, EXCEPT:

A) QPP.
B) HIS.
C) OAS.
D) CPP.

Question 13

To protect your hearing, you should avoid exposure to noises above _____________ decibels.

A) 90
B) 125
C) 75
D) 100

Question 14

Which of the following medications can have a negative impact on bone mass?

A) corticosteroids
B) Prozac
C) aspirin
D) Fosamax

Question 15

In 2014, approximately how many men and women were widows in Canada?

A) 1.4 million
B) 1.1 million
C) 2.1 million
D) 500,000

Question 16

Which of the following steps should individuals undertake in their fifties to help them with the aging process? They should

A) assess their financial status.
B) reevaluate their health insurance plans.
C) develop important relationships.
D) establish good health habits.

Question 17

All of the following are TRUE about older adults, EXCEPT they

A) should be regularly tested for glaucoma.
B) tend to have lower blood pressure.
C) have less ability to metabolize alcohol.
D) are more susceptible to foodborne illness.

Question 18

The medical term for severe deterioration of mental functioning resulting from a brain disorder is

A) dementia.
B) AMD.
C) senility.
D) Alzheimer's disease.

Question 19

Individuals in their forties should undertake which one of the following to help them with the aging process? They should

A) reevaluate their health insurance plans.
B) develop important relationships.
C) establish good health habits.
D) assess their financial status.

Question 20

Behavioural risk factors for falls in the elderly include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) inadequate diet and exercise.
B) use of multiple medications.
C) risky behaviours such as climbing an insecure ladder.
D) poor fitness levels.

Question 21

What percentage of older Canadians have depression?

A) 24
B) 7
C) 14
D) 47

Question 22

What is the single most significant factor associated with suicidal behaviour in older adults?

A) anxiety
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) heart disease
D) depression

Question 23

Benefits of volunteering include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) perception of greater physical health.
B) fewer colds and headaches.
C) helper's high.
D) feelings of increased self-worth and tension.

Question 24

Which of the following are irreversible forms of dementia?

A) encephalopathy
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) multi-infarct dementia
D) Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia

Question 25

Denise is 52 years old and beginning menopause. Which of the following would NOT be a symptom of her condition?

A) irregular periods
B) hot flashes
C) vaginal dryness
D) constantly feeling cold

Question 26

Canada's Physical Activity Recommendations for Older Adults indicate that adults over the age of 65 should accumulate at least minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity each week.

A) 120
B) 200
C) 100
D) 150

Question 27

The slow disintegration of the tissue at the centre of the retina is known as

A) presbyopia.
B) glaucoma.
C) macular degeneration.
D) cataracts.

Question 28

A better arrangement than losing the productivity of people at retirement includes all of the following, EXCEPT

A) providing community-sponsored classes for retirees.
B) offering retraining programs for occupational and leisure time activities for retirees.
C) providing volunteer and paid employment for retirees.
D) setting a mandatory retirement age.

Question 29

The ability to make decisions about a patient's medical and personal care and financial matters is called:

A) controller.
B) power trip.
C) old age security.
D) power of attorney.

Question 30

Changes in body structure that result from the passage of time are called _______________ aging.

A) sociological
B) biological
C) chronological
D) psychological

Question 31

In 2013, the life expectancy of Canadian men was years.

A) 73
B) 68
C) 80
D) 84

Question 32

Studies of healthy people indicate that functioning of the human body remains essentially constant until

A) age 40.
B) after age 50.
C) after age 70.
D) after age 60.

Question 33

Which of the following factors NOT contributed to Canada's aging population?

A) low fertility rates
B) shorter life expectancy
C) longer life expectancy
D) effects of baby boomer generation

Question 34

All of the following are signs of potential alcohol or drug dependence in older adults, EXCEPT

A) malnutrition
B) depression
C) premature balding
D) unexplained falls

Question 35

What percentage of Canadian men will experience an osteoporotic fracture during their lifetime?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40

Question 36

Juan is in his late teens. To help him with the aging process, he should

A) reevaluate his health insurance plans.
B) establish good health habits.
C) develop important relationships.
D) assess his financial status.

Question 37

Which of the following groups has the highest rate of suicide?

A) males age 16-25
B) females age 80 and over
C) males age 65 and over
D) females age 16-25

Question 38

What percentage of Canadians over 65 years of age report using five or more prescription drugs?

A) 39%
B) 25%
C) 66%
D) 52%

Question 39

Increases in life expectancy in Canada during the twentieth century were due primarily to

A) the control of childhood and infectious diseases.
B) increased use of vitamin supplements.
C) the defeat of chronic illness.
D) the fitness boom.

Question 40

Symptoms related to menopause may include

A) increased sexual desire.
B) excessive energy.
C) intellectual deterioration.
D) mood swings.

Question 41

Strategies for reducing risk for arthritis include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) exercise.
B) avoidance of heavy or repetitive muscle use.
C) balanced diet.
D) weight management.

Question 42

The type of arthritis that typically affects the hands and weight-bearing joints of the knees, ankles, and hips is

A) lupus.
B) muscular arthritis.
C) rheumatoid arthritis.
D) osteoarthritis.

Question 43

All of the following statements are FALSE regarding caregiving, EXCEPT

A) Caregiving can be rewarding but it is also hard work.
B) Recent studies indicate the average woman will spend about 18 years caring for an aging relative.
C) Studies show a grown son will assume a role of caregiving for his elderly relative.
D) Most families abandon their aging relatives because they cannot provide adequate care.

Question 44

Canadian men who reach their sixty-fifth birthday can expect to live or more years longer.

A) 22
B) 5
C) 19
D) 11

Question 45

Age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function is called

A) sarcopenia.
B) arthritis.
C) osteoporosis.
D) glaucoma.

Question 46

Although few people reach this age, the upper end of the human life span is about ____________ years.

A) 120
B) 115
C) 105
D) 110

Question 47

The gradual decline in the ability to focus on nearby objects that occurs as people age is called

A) macular degeneration.
B) glaucoma.
C) presbyopia.
D) cataracts.

Question 48

All of the following are TRUE about older people and the environment, EXCEPT

A) environmental factors can be a special concern for elderly people with diabetes.
B) indoor air quality isn't a concern for older people.
C) environmental conditions that are difficult for young people can be especially tough on the elderly.
D) even brief exposure to pollution can cause hospitalization for older people with breathing-related conditions.

Question 49

What percentage of older Canadians have had a stroke?

A) 13
B) 25
C) 54
D) 20

Question 50

Rapid decision-making and problem-solving ability is most accurately called

A) common sense.
B) solid intelligence.
C) fluid intelligence.
D) critical thinking.

Question 51

It often takes or more to resolve the grief associated with losing a loved one.

A) 3 years
B) 6 months
C) 3 months
D) 1-2 years

Question 52

All of the following are helpful suggestions when volunteering, EXCEPT:

A) help as often as possible.
B) make volunteering mandatory.
C) practice random acts of kindness.
D) volunteer with others.

Question 53

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT

A) formation of tangles in affected neurons.
B) formation of amyloid plaques between neurons.
C) breakdown of the system that produced acetylcholine.
D) destruction of brain tissue from small strokes.

Question 54

To reduce stress in your life as you age, it is a good idea to do all of the following, EXCEPT

A) consider an illness as a message to reevaluate your lifestyle.
B) practice relaxation techniques regularly.
C) obtain adequate sleep throughout life.
D) encourage participation in stressful situations to test your reserve.

Question 55

What percentage of older Canadians have heart disease?

A) 57
B) 20
C) 24
D) 13

Question 56

An average pack-a-day smoker can expect to live approximately how many years fewer than a nonsmoker?

A) 13-14
B) 10-11
C) 19-20
D) 5-6

Question 57

Early warning signs for arthritis include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) fever.
B) changes in joint mobility.
C) unexplained weight gain.
D) early morning stiffness.

Question 58

Unresolved grief may result in all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) talking about the death as if it occurred yesterday.
B) excessive chronic illnesses.
C) unrealistic or harmful behaviour.
D) hostility toward people connected with the death.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of arthritis?

A) swelling
B) tenderness
C) late evening stiffness
D) early morning stiffness

Question 60

Failure to achieve a maximum potential life span results from all of the following, EXCEPT

A) physical inactivity.
B) destructive behavioural factors.
C) retirement.
D) destructive environmental factors.

Question 61

The period of life when one is generally healthy and free from chronic or serious disease is called

A) health span.
B) health expectancy span.
C) life span.
D) morbidity span.

Question 62

Approximately how many Canadian adults have some form of arthritis?

A) 6.3 million
B) 8 million
C) 2.1 million
D) 4.6 million

Question 63

In 2013, the life expectancy of Canadian women was years.

A) 80
B) 73
C) 84
D) 68

Question 64

Women live longer for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT

A) estrogen protects women from early heart disease.
B) they participate less in the risky behaviours that lead to unintentional injuries.
C) women are less likely to be poor in their older years.
D) women have lower rates of stress-related illnesses.

Question 65

Gayle is 42 years old, single, and does not plan to marry. She has taught school for 20 years and plans to retire in 12 more years. Last year, Gayle began to contribute to a teacher's retirement plan and to a registered retirement savings plan (RRSP). She is in good health, and her hobbies include reading, embroidery, gardening, and bowling. She attends an aerobic dance class 3 times each week and has done so for years. Gayle has a family history of diabetes, so she takes her health seriously. Gayle is beginning to notice some age-related changes in her body, but she accepts them as normal. She has a good network of friends that she vacations with every year. She likes to travel and enjoys life. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Gayle?

A) Gayle's exercise habits and hobbies can help prevent arthritis.
B) Gayle will need to take special care over her finances for retirement.
C) Gayle's diverse interests will help her enjoy her leisure time when she retires.
D) Gayle began saving for retirement early enough to support herself.

Question 66

Fluid intelligence depends on which of the following factors?

A) alertness
B) memory
C) rapidity of responsiveness
D) all of the above

Question 67

An estimated of older adults report injuries as a result of falls each year.

A) 20-30
B) 10-15
C) 5-10
D) 15-20

Question 68

All of the following are good low-impact exercises for a person with osteoarthritis, EXCEPT

A) soccer
B) walking
C) swimming
D) tai chi

Question 69

John has developed the first symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. On average, how long can his family expect he will survive after the onset of these symptoms?

A) 8 years
B) 10 years
C) 15 years
D) 4 years

Question 70

Which of the following methods is the ONLY certain way of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease?

A) autopsy
B) blood tests
C) MRI
D) CT scan

Question 71

A disease in which the fluid inside the eye is under abnormally high pressure and can lead to blindness is

A) presbyopia.
B) glaucoma.
C) conjunctivitis.
D) cataracts.

Question 72

Cigarette smoking is linked to all of the following, EXCEPT

A) premature balding.
B) osteoporosis.
C) skin wrinkling.
D) muscle atrophy.

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular physical activity?

A) increased bone fractures caused by increased bone mass
B) maintenance of flexibility and balance
C) prevention against osteoporosis
D) increased effectiveness of the immune system

Question 74

Dementia affects approximately how many Canadians?

A) 3%
B) 7%
C) 15%
D) 1.5%

Question 75

What percentage of older Canadians have arthritis?

A) 31
B) 20
C) 47
D) 13

Question 76

What percentage of older Canadians have chronic pain?

A) 24
B) 13
C) 20
D) 17

Question 77

A clouding of the lens in the eye that is a result from oxidation damage is called

A) age-related macular degeneration.
B) presbyopia.
C) cataracts.
D) glaucoma.

Question 78

Jane is 32. At this stage in her life, which one of the following will help her with the aging process? She should

A) assess her financial status.
B) reevaluate health insurance plans.
C) develop important relationships.
D) establish good health habits.

Question 79

Problems associated with osteoporosis include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) improved mobility.
B) breathing problems.
C) severe back and hip pain.
D) loss of height.

Question 80

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding older people?

A) Older women are more likely to live in poverty than older men are.
B) Older people have incomes about the same as younger people.
C) Older people living alone are much more likely to be poor than those who live with families.
D) The proportion of people age 65 and older in the Canadian population is expected to rise.