Deck 9: Immunity and Infection

Question 1

Encephalitis is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) inflammation of the brain.
B) nausea.
C) lethargy.
D) vomiting

Answer 1

vomiting

Question 2

Autoimmune diseases occur when

A) the body erroneously recognizes its own cells as foreign.
B) bacteria severely damage the immune system.
C) a virus such as HIV destroys the immune system.
D) cancer creates an imbalance in the immune system.

Answer 2

the body erroneously recognizes its own cells as foreign.

Question 3

Lymphocytes that can get rid of cells of the body that have been invaded by foreign organisms or have turned cancerous are called

A) killer T cells.
B) suppressor T cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) phagocytes.

Answer 3

killer T cells.

Question 4

Approximately what percentage of people with hepatitis C in Canada do now know they have it?

A) 50%
B) 20%
C) 35%
D) 10%

Question 5

Key components of a typical asthma attack include all of the following, EXCEPT

A) inflammation of the airways.
B) spasm in the muscles surrounding the airways.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) secretion of extra mucus.

Question 6

All of the following are symptoms usually present in someone with sinusitis, EXCEPT:

A) stuffy nose.
B) fatigue.
C) headache.
D) cough.

Question 7

Serum that contains a variety of antibodies and is injected to provide temporary immunity is called

A) antivirals.
B) gamma globulin.
C) plasma.
D) immunotherapy.

Question 8

Influenza virus infection usually causes all of the following symptoms, EXCEPT

A) fever.
B) severe fatigue.
C) gastrointestinal distress.
D) muscle aches.

Question 9

A marker on the surface of a foreign substance that triggers the immune response is called a(n)

A) antigen.
B) enzyme.
C) antibody.
D) lymphocyte.

Question 10

Which virus can cause irreversible paralysis and death in some infected individuals?

A) influenza
B) poliomyelitis
C) hepatitis
D) herpes

Question 11

Vaccines made from pathogens that have been killed in the laboratory, yet retain their ability to stimulate the production of antibodies, are used to provide protection against

A) mumps.
B) influenza.
C) rubella.
D) measles.

Question 12

Varicella-zoster virus causes which of the following conditions?

A) shingles
B) chicken pox and shingles
C) measles
D) chicken pox

Question 13

Obstacles to microorganisms entering the body include

A) enzymes.
B) water.
C) cilia.
D) antibodies.

Question 14

In developing countries, more than 10% of children's deaths are caused by:

A) malaria.
B) tetanus.
C) polio.
D) dengue fever.

Question 15

Influenza is highly contagious and spread via

A) coughing.
B) ingesting food that has been infected.
C) hand-to-hand contact.
D) respiratory droplets.

Question 16

The phase of the immune response in which suppressor T cells halt the immune response and restore the body's natural balance is called

A) slowdown.
B) amplification of defenses.
C) recognition of the invading pathogen.
D) attack.

Question 17

One of the best ways to break the chain of infection is to

A) use disinfectant agents when cleaning your house.
B) drink water only if it is fluoridated.
C) get boosters for immunizations 6 months early.
D) wash your hands frequently.

Question 18

All of the following are symptoms rarely present in someone with sinusitis, EXCEPT:

A) fatigue.
B) muscle aches.
C) sneezing.
D) headache.

Question 19

Approximately how many people die worldwide each year of vaccine-preventable diseases?

A) 2.1 million
B) 2.6 million
C) 1.5 million
D) 1.1 million

Question 20

Substances that provoke allergies are known as

A) antigens.
B) allergens.
C) parasites.
D) bacteria.

Question 21

An infection that travels throughout the body is called

A) lymphatic.
B) transmitted.
C) systemic.
D) localized.

Question 22

All of the following are considered portals of entry for a pathogen, EXCEPT

A) through the skin or by direct contact
B) ingestion through contaminated food or water
C) inhaled through the mouth or nose
D) ingestion through uncontaminated food or water

Question 23

T and B cells change after contact with the pathogen in a(n) immune response.

A) imagined
B) innate
C) natural
D) acquired

Question 24

During this type of immune system response, the body's defense system literally eats invading pathogens.

A) acquired immunity
B) adaptive immunity
C) imagined immunity
D) natural immunity

Question 25

A preparation of killed or weakened pathogens injected or taken orally to stimulate the body to produce antibodies is called a(n)

A) immunoglobulin.
B) antibody.
C) vaccine.
D) gamma globulin.

Question 26

All of the following are symptoms usually present in someone with influenza, EXCEPT:

A) fever.
B) cough.
C) sneezing.
D) muscle aches.

Question 27

Approximately how many Canadians die of influenza annually?

A) 1000
B) 7500
C) 5500
D) 2500

Question 28

Most rabies-related deaths in Canada are traced to bites or scratches from

A) raccoons.
B) bats.
C) unvaccinated domestic pets.
D) foxes.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT considered a common allergen?

A) molds
B) pollen
C) viruses
D) insect stings

Question 30

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the common cold?

A) It may be caused by any or more than 200 different viruses, and most colds occur during the fall and winter months.
B) It may be caused by any or more than 200 different viruses.
C) It may be caused by exposure to cold weather.
D) Most colds occur during the fall and winter months.

Question 31

African sleeping sickness is a protozoan infection caused by:

A) trichomoniasis.
B) guinea worms.
C) trypanosomiasis.
D) amoebic dysentery.

Question 32

Viral encephalitis causes inflammation of the tissue in the

A) brain.
B) kidney.
C) heart.
D) liver.

Question 33

In the immune response, the phase in which killer T cells strike at foreign cells and at cells of the body that have been invaded and infected is called

A) recognition of the invading pathogen.
B) cell-mediated immune response.
C) cell-dependent immune response.
D) amplification of defenses.

Question 34

Streptococcus and staphylococcus are examples of

A) rickettsiae.
B) bacteria.
C) parasites.
D) viruses.

Question 35

Warts on the hands are caused by infection with a type of

A) virus.
B) prion.
C) bacterium.
D) fungus.

Question 36

A vaccine is available to prevent infection by

A) influenza virus.
B) hepatitis C virus.
C) Epstein-Barr virus.
D) rhinovirus.

Question 37

The ability of memory lymphocytes to remember previous infections is known as

A) active immunity.
B) acquired immunity.
C) future immunity.
D) passive immunity.

Question 38

Microscopic, single-celled organisms that often cause recurrent diseases are called

A) viruses.
B) protozoa.
C) parasites.
D) bacteria.

Question 39

Hepatitis C is usually transmitted by which of the following means?

A) direct contact with blood
B) indirectly through contact with an inanimate object
C) contaminated food
D) sexually

Question 40

Herpesvirus causes all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) herpes.
B) mononucleosis.
C) rabies.
D) chicken pox.

Question 41

MRSA is resistant to which of the following?

A) levofloxacin
B) oxacillin
C) penicillin
D) amoxicillin

Question 42

All of the following may break the chain of infection, EXCEPT

A) insect repellent
B) condoms
C) water
D) masks

Question 43

Johnny has a red, sore throat with white patches on the tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, fever, and a headache. Which of the following bacteria caused Johnny's symptoms?

A) mycobacterium
B) streptococcus
C) staphylococcus
D) Escherichia coli

Question 44

Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are part of the ________ response to invading pathogens

A) acquired
B) natural
C) adaptive
D) cell-mediated

Question 45

Andrew loves to go camping and hiking in the fall. About two weeks after his last camping trip, he noticed an expanding red rash on his arm. In order to have avoided coming in contact with the organism that caused this illness, Andrew should have

A) boiled his water before drinking.
B) worn clothing that covered exposed skin.
C) avoided contact with fleas found on mice.
D) camped only in the spring.

Question 46

Meningitis is infection of the

A) lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
B) membrane covering the brain and spinal cord.
C) bone marrow and lymphatic tissue.
D) alveoli in the lungs.

Question 47

You can reduce your chance of getting sick by doing all of the following, EXCEPT

A) Keeping your immunizations up to date.
B) Washing your hands frequently.
C) Getting enough sleep.
D) Avoiding strenuous exercise.

Question 48

Lymph nodes

A) produce enzymes in the lymph.
B) are part of the respiratory system.
C) are where macrophages congregate and filter pathogens from the lymph.
D) produce antibodies and antigens.

Question 49

A person who is exposed to a disease and who is subsequently injected with antibodies produced by others has been given

A) passive immunity.
B) natural immunity.
C) innate immunity.
D) active immunity.

Question 50

Macrophages

A) counteract swollen lymph nodes.
B) are suppressor cells.
C) act as scavengers.
D) trigger the immune response.

Question 51

What percentage of ulcers are caused by H pylori?

A) 50%
B) 90%
C) 70%
D) 20%

Question 52

Andrew loves to go camping and hiking in the fall. About two weeks after his last camping trip, he noticed an expanding red rash on his arm. Andrew is most likely suffering from

A) Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
B) hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).
C) West Nile virus infection.
D) Lyme disease.

Question 53

Which of the following diseases is commonly known as the "kissing disease"?

A) influenza
B) mononucleosis
C) meningitis
D) chicken pox

Question 54

Which one of the following is NOT a vector of disease?

A) ticks
B) mosquitoes
C) rats
D) contaminated soil

Question 55

Whooping cough is a respiratory illness cause by the bacterium

A) staphylococcus.
B) Escherichia coli.
C) Bordetella pertussis.
D) streptococcus.

Question 56

Antibodies have complementary surface markers that work with like a lock and key.

A) antigens
B) T cells
C) cytokines
D) histamines

Question 57

White blood cells are produced in the

A) brain.
B) bone marrow.
C) gastrointestinal tract.
D) heart.

Question 58

Examples of autoimmune disease include

A) systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
B) allergies and HIV.
C) cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus.
D) rheumatoid arthritis and HIV.

Question 59

Tetanus is also known as

A) lockjaw.
B) heartburn.
C) meningitis.
D) gastritis.

Question 60

A common bacterium found on the skin in healthy people, but capable of causing infection if it enters the body, is

A) mycoplasma.
B) spirochete.
C) staphylococcus.
D) streptococcus.

Question 61

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding antibody-mediated immune response?

A) Antibodies produce killer T cells.
B) Antibodies work against bacteria and viruses outside of body cells.
C) It is carried out by T cells.
D) Antibodies work against infected body cells.

Question 62

When the body recognizes a relatively harmless substance as a dangerous antigen and mounts an immune response, this response is called

A) passive immunity.
B) pathogenesis.
C) active immunity.
D) an allergic reaction.

Question 63

Swollen lymph nodes are an indication of

A) infection.
B) anemia.
C) poor diet.
D) hemophilia.

Question 64

Approximately how many hospitalizations result from influenza each year in Canada?

A) 5000
B) 15000
C) 20000
D) 10000

Question 65

A fungus that causes vaginitis and thrush is

A) Histoplasma capsulatum.
B) Coccidioides immitis.
C) dermatophyte fungus.
D) Candida albicans.

Question 66

Hepatitis B is transmitted mainly by

A) contaminated food.
B) intimate sexual contact.
C) contaminated blood.
D) organ donation.

Question 67

The herpes virus associated with infectious mononucleosis is

A) herpes simplex type I.
B) cytomegalovirus.
C) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
D) herpes simplex type II.

Question 68

All of the following are childhood viral illnesses that have waned in Canada, EXCEPT

A) mumps.
B) influenza.
C) rubella.
D) measles.

Question 69

Generally, antibiotics are useful against

A) colds.
B) bacteria.
C) viruses.
D) influenza.

Question 70

Chemical messengers released by immune system cells that help amplify and coordinate the immune response are

A) cytokines.
B) antibodies.
C) histamines.
D) antigens.

Question 71

The mildest form of hepatitis is hepatitis

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) EB.

Question 72

Lyme disease can cause all of the following, EXCEPT

A) arthritis.
B) fetal damage.
C) ulcers.
D) impaired motor coordination.

Question 73

Vaccines confer immunity.

A) passive
B) active
C) innate
D) natural

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT considered a pathogen?

A) interferon
B) protozoa
C) prions
D) bacteria

Question 75

How many people die from influenza each year in Canada?

A) 8000
B) 4000
C) 2000
D) 1000

Question 76

Molds, mushrooms, and yeasts belong to which classification?

A) spirochete
B) protozoa
C) fungi
D) prions

Question 77

Tears, saliva, and vaginal secretions are rich in ________ and that break down and destroy many microorganisms.

A) macrophages; killer T-cells
B) antibodies; enzymes
C) lymphocytes; neutrophils
D) histamines; antigens

Question 78

All of the following are types of white blood cells, EXCEPT

A) macrophages.
B) lymphocytes.
C) neutrophils.
D) antibodies.

Question 79

Lynette has begun feeling feverish and has a sore throat. Which phase of the immune response is she experiencing?

A) initial
B) clinical
C) prodromal
D) incubation

Question 80

All of the following are examples of analgesics, EXCEPT:

A) Aspirin
B) Advil
C) Benadryl
D) Tylenol