Deck 5: The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure

Question 1

Which primary layer of the skin contains melanocytes?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which layer of the integument contains the stratum basale?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Figure 5.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the portion of the hair root that contains a single capillary cluster?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which primary layer of the skin contains lamellated granules that aid in waterproofing?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 5

Figure 5.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the innermost portion of hair that is comprised of large epithelial cells and air spaces?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Which primary layer of the skin provides a pink undertone to Caucasian skin?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 7

Which layer of the skin invaginates downward to form sebum-producing glands?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 8

Figure 5.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a layer of cells that are derived from the epidermis?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Figure 5.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the integument layer composed of keratinized stratified squamous cells?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Figure 5.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the portion of a hair that projects above the skin surface?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

When doctors make incisions on the body based on the lines of cleavage of the skin, these cleavage lines are based on the arrangement of collagen fibers in which layer of the skin?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 12

Diffusion of chemicals from a transdermal patch must reach what layer of the skin to be effective?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 13

Figure 5.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the integument layer that corresponds to leather hides from an animal?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Identify the layer of the skin that contains most of the sensory receptors.

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 15

Figure 5.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates cells that produce melanin in the hair root?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Figure 5.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates projections from the dermis that reduce blister formation?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Which layer of the integument are toenails and fingernails derived from?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 18

Which tissue layer deep to the integument acts as a shock and thermal insulator?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 19

Figure 5.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a specialized sensory receptor?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Figure 5.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the integument layer that has no vascularization?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

The coarse hairs in the skin of the perineum and axillary regions are all hairs.

A) apocrine
B) terminal
C) vellus
D) pubic

Question 22

Based on the rule of nines, approximately what percent of the total body surface covers the anterior and posterior torso?

A) 50%
B) 58%
C) 37%
D) 66%

Question 23

The type of sweat gland that begins to function at puberty and is involved in sexual signaling is

A) apocrine.
B) sebaceous.
C) eccrine.
D) holocrine.

Question 24

The reticular layer of the dermis consists of connective tissue.

A) dense irregular
B) dense regular
C) reticular
D) stratified squamous

Question 25

Following their production in red bone marrow, dendritic cells circulate to what primary layer of the skin?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 26

Which layer of the integument is found deep to the dermis?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 27

When a blister forms due to friction, liquid pools between the epidermis and what other layer of the integument?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 28

In the thick skin of the palm, the layer of the epidermis directly deep to the stratum corneum is the stratum

A) basale.
B) lucidum.
C) spinosum.
D) granulosum.

Question 29

The type of burn in which the epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged is degree.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 30

The thickness of skin is determined by the presence of the stratum lucidum and the thickness of the

A) stratum basale.
B) reticular layer of the dermis.
C) stratum corneum.
D) papillary layer of the dermis.

Question 31

Is the human integumentary system best adapted for hot or cold climates?

A) warm, because sebaceous glands aid us in hot climates but evaporative cooling would kill us in cold climates
B) warm, because sweating cools us in hot climates but we would die in cold climates without clothing
C) cold, because we have many skin features that keep us from overheating
D) cold, because we have a thick hypodermis

Question 32

The lunule, which represents the thickest part of the nail matrix is found at the

A) body of the nail.
B) proximal part of the nail bed.
C) dermis around the nail.
D) eponychium.

Question 33

If you were to have liposuction, you would have tissue removed from which layer?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 34

The cells in the skin that store the most melanin granules are

A) dendritic cells.
B) tactile epithelial cells.
C) melanocytes.
D) basal keratinocytes.

Question 35

Light-skinned people have less melanin in the superficial layers of their epidermis because

A) keratinocytes in their deeper layers rapidly digest melanin.
B) they have fewer melanocytes.
C) their melanocytes produce a pinkish color melanin instead of brown.
D) they are exposed to less UV radiation.

Question 36

Which is the most abundant and widespread type of sweat gland?

A) eccrine
B) holocrine
C) endocrine
D) apocrine

Question 37

Which layer of the epidermis contains keratohyalin granules and lamellated granules?

A) stratum corneum
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum spinosum
D) stratum basale

Question 38

Visible stretch marks on the skin surface are actually the result of microscopic tears in collagen fibers in which layer?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 39

Lamellated granules

A) contain glycolipids that are secreted from cells in the stratum granulosum.
B) burst from sebaceous glands, releasing oils onto the skin.
C) help form keratin in fingernails.
D) smooth the cuticle of a hair shaft to prevent split ends.

Question 40

The proximal nail fold is also called the nailʹs

A) matrix.
B) lunule.
C) bed.
D) eponychium.

Question 41

Lanugo hair is replaced in a fetus by

A) dermal hair.
B) no hair.
C) nominal hair.
D) vellus hair.

Question 42

The color of red or blonde hair is due to

A) porphyrins.
B) oxygenated hemoglobin.
C) a different type of melanin.
D) carotene.

Question 43

Since apocrine glands are almost inactive until puberty, they may function primarily in

A) strengthening melanin in the skin.
B) keeping hair from falling out.
C) cooling the body.
D) sexual signalling, under the influence of androgens.

Question 44

The subpapillary plexus

A) provides the sensation of fine touch.
B) nourishes the hypodermis and reticular layer of the dermis.
C) provides the sensation of deep pressure.
D) nourishes the dermal papillae and epidermis.

Question 45

An appendage or layer of the skin that does not develop from ectoderm is the

A) stratum spinosum.
B) stratum corneum.
C) dermis.
D) hair follicle.

Question 46

Which connective tissue layer is discussed in the chapter on the integumentary system but is truly not a part of it?

A) dermal papilla
B) nail
C) hypodermis
D) hair

Question 47

Which of the following is a sensory receptor?

A) Pacinian corpuscle
B) melanocyte
C) dendritic cell
D) keratinocyte

Question 48

Any condition involving absence or loss of hair is called

A) vitiligo.
B) alopecia.
C) impetigo.
D) psoriasis.

Question 49

The white half-moon visible under the proximal part of a fingernail is the

A) cuticle.
B) bed.
C) matrix.
D) lunule.

Question 50

The type of skin cancer that is most common and has the lowest metastasis rate is

A) leukopenia.
B) squamous cell carcinoma.
C) malignant melanoma.
D) basal cell carcinoma.

Question 51

Tattoos are permanent because

A) the melanocytes are altered to produce different colors.
B) the pigments are injected in the dermis.
C) Langerhans cells do not recognize the pigments as foreign.
D) the pigments are injected in the stratum basale, which continuously replaces the superficial layers that are sloughed off.

Question 52

The black part of a blackhead is

A) excreted carbon.
B) oxidized sebum.
C) dirt.
D) a growing hair stub.

Question 53

Which of the following is not a current hypothesis proposed for the evolution of skin color?

A) preventing damage to DNA
B) protecting the level of vitamin D
C) protecting the level of folic acid
D) preventing damage to elastin

Question 54

The most external layer of a hair shaft is the

A) cuticle.
B) cortex.
C) medulla.
D) epidermal root sheath.

Question 55

In the ABCD rule of skin cancer, the letter B stands for

A) border.
B) blisters.
C) baked skin.
D) big.

Question 56

Pimples begin

A) when bacteria enter sweat pores.
B) when sebaceous glands become blocked by sebum.
C) as tiny cuts and nicks in the skin.
D) as localized infections in the hypodermis.

Question 57

Soft keratin is present in the

A) dermis.
B) hair cuticles.
C) epidermis.
D) body of the nails.

Question 58

The ʺcheesyʺ layer on the skin of a newborn is

A) lanugo.
B) seborrhea.
C) baby sweat.
D) vernix caseosa.

Question 59

Since both hair and skin contain keratin, the hair shaft is most comparable to what part of the epidermis?

A) stratum basale
B) basal lamina
C) stratum corneum
D) melanocytes

Question 60

Cleavage lines

A) attach the dermis to underlying bone and muscle.
B) are scars resulting from overstretching of the dermis.
C) form the pattern of epidermal ridges known as fingerprints.
D) run parallel to the orientation of collage bundles in the reticular layer.

Question 61

Keratinocytes begin to die in the stratum granulosum.

Question 62

The integumentary organs that are derived from mesoderm and function in thermoregulation are

A) hair.
B) arrector pili muscles.
C) sebaceous glands.
D) nails.

Question 63

The letter A in the ABCD rule for melanoma detection stands for asymmetry.

Question 64

Chemotherapy causes hair loss because these drugs specifically target rapidly dividing cells in the hypodermis.

Question 65

Damage to the hair would prevent hair growth.

A) medulla
B) cuticle
C) cortex
D) matrix

Question 66

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can lead to skin cancer, but minimal UVR exposure can lead to

A) ulcerative colitis.
B) vitiligo.
C) vitamin D deficiency.
D) porphyria.

Question 67

In the ABCD rule for recognizing melanoma, the letter D stands for

A) density.
B) dark.
C) depth.
D) diameter.

Question 68

A partial-thickness burn involves

A) the epidermis and the entire dermis.
B) the epidermis.
C) the epidermis and papillary layer of the dermis.
D) the epidermis, dermis, and any portion of the hypodermis.

Question 69

The appearance of wrinkles in skin with age is largely due to changes in the

A) keratin of the epidermis.
B) carotene in the epidermis.
C) blood vessels in the dermis.
D) collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis.

Question 70

The type of skin cancer that arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum is

A) malignant melanoma.
B) squamous cell carcinoma.
C) basal cell carcinoma.
D) psoriasis.

Question 71

A(n) responds to the movement of a single hair.

A) hair papilla
B) hair matrix
C) arrector pili muscle
D) root hair plexus

Question 72

Skin consists of two distinct tissue layers: the epidermis and dermis.

Question 73

Nutrients enter a hair follicle through the dermal papilla.

Question 74

ʺGoose bumpsʺ on the skin are due to action of the

A) sebaceous glands.
B) arrector pili muscles.
C) sweat glands.
D) flexion creases.

Question 75

As a person balds, terminal hair is replaced by vellus.

Question 76

A sebaceous gland is classified as a gland.

A) simple alveolar
B) compound tubular
C) simple tubular
D) compound alveolar

Question 77

Holocrine secretion

A) results from the exocytosis of protein-rich vesicles.
B) involves the bursting of the glandular epithelial cell.
C) differentiates the products of ceruminous and mammary glands from other sweat glands.
D) produces a lipid-rich product that can be metabolized by bacteria.

Question 78

The epidermis is a keratinized epithelium.

A) simple areolar
B) compound columnar
C) simple squamous
D) stratified squamous

Question 79

Which statement is not part of the explanation for male pattern baldness?

A) Cells of the hair matrix cease mitosis.
B) Hair shafts may not reach the surface.
C) Hair growth cycles shorten.
D) Terminal hairs are replaced by vellus hairs.

Question 80

The only cell type found superficial to the stratum spinosum in the epidermis is the

A) melanocyte.
B) tactile epithelial cell.
C) dendritic cell.
D) keratinocyte.