Deck 19: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Figure 19.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae, composed of cells from the myocardium.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The valve responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the lungs into the heart.

A) tricuspid valve
B) pectinate muscles
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) bicuspid valve
E) pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Figure 19.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left auricle.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 19.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left atrioventricular valve.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Cells of the conducting system located between the AV node and bundle branches.

A) trabeculae carneae
B) papillary muscles
C) crista terminalis
D) atrioventricular bundle
E) pectinate muscles

Question 6

The accumulation of pericardial fluid due to inflammation or the accumulation of blood in the pericardial cavity can lead to

A) pericarditis.
B) cardiac tamponade.
C) pleuritis.
D) mitral valve prolapse.
E) fasciae adherens.

Question 7

Figure 19.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the location of the bundle branches.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

Figure 19.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left coronary artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Figure 19.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the ligamentum arteriosum.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Figure 19.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Heart valve with two cusps.

A) mitral valve
B) atrioventricular bundle
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) pulmonary semilunar valve
E) fossa ovalis

Question 12

The heart chamber that receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.

A) right ventricle
B) left atrium
C) left auricle
D) left ventricle
E) right atrium

Question 13

Figure 19.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the tissue layer of the heart known as the epicardium.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

The region between the right and left pleural cavities is the

A) pericardial cavity.
B) mediastinum.
C) peritoneal cavity.
D) vertebral cavity.
E) pulmonary cavity.

Question 15

Contraction of these structures tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing valve prolapse.

A) atrioventricular bundle
B) papillary muscles
C) pectinate muscles
D) crista terminalis
E) trabeculae carneae

Question 16

The internal C-shaped crest of the right atrium which indicates the openings for the Superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava is

A) fossa ovalis.
B) pectinate muscles.
C) crista terminalis.
D) trabeculae carneae.
E) ligamentum arteriosum.

Question 17

Figure 19.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the aortic arch.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Figure 19.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the location of the subendocardial conducting network.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

A) left atrium
B) left ventricle
C) right auricle
D) right atrium
E) right ventricle

Question 20

Threadlike structures of the endocardium that prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.

A) fossa ovalis
B) pectinate muscles
C) trabeculae carneae
D) ligamentum arteriosum
E) chordae tendineae

Question 21

The auricles are

A) earlike flaps on the surface of the atria.
B) modifications of the pectinate muscles on the inner surface of the atria.
C) earlike flaps on the surface of the ventricles.
D) projections of the endothelium into the ventricles.

Question 22

The right ventricle pumps blood into which vessel?

A) the pulmonary vein
B) the aorta
C) the superior vena cava
D) the pulmonary trunk

Question 23

Which structure develops from the embryological chamber called the bulbus cordis?

A) the left ventricle
B) the sinoatrial node
C) the right ventricle
D) the left atrium

Question 24

The superior corner of the right atrium of the heart is located at the

A) costal cartilage of the sixth rib, a fingerʹs width lateral to the sternum.
B) fifth intercostal space along a line extending inferiorly from the midpoint of the clavicle.
C) costal cartilage of the third rib where it attaches to the sternum.
D) midpoint of the jugular notch.

Question 25

The pericardial cavity lies between

A) the serous pericardium and the epicardium.
B) the fibrous pericardium and the diaphragm.
C) the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium.
D) the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium.

Question 26

A condition in which the ventricles are unable to pump blood efficiently because of rapid, random contraction of cardiac muscle fibers is called

A) atrial fibrillation.
B) congestive heart failure.
C) pulmonary arterial hypertension.
D) ventricular fibrillation.

Question 27

Parasympathetic impulses to the SA node are transmitted on this cranial nerve.

A) Vagus nerve
B) Hypoglossal nerve
C) Accessory nerve-spinal part
D) Glossopharyngeal nerve
E) Trigeminal nerve

Question 28

Enlargement of the heart with progressive decline in pumping efficiency.

A) congestive heart failure
B) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) heart block
D) cardiac tamponade
E) myocardial infarction

Question 29

Which of the following vessels does not carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart?

A) the inferior vena cava
B) the superior vena cava
C) the coronary sinus
D) the pulmonary vein

Question 30

Coronary artery that supplies the left atrium.

A) circumflex artery
B) posterior descending artery
C) left anterior descending artery
D) pulmonary artery
E) marginal artery

Question 31

Death of heart musculature due to lack of oxygen.

A) myocardial infarction
B) cardiac tamponade
C) heart block
D) ventricular fibrillation
E) valve insufficiency

Question 32

Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle?

A) the trabeculae carneae
B) the mitral valve
C) the pectinate muscles
D) the papillary muscles

Question 33

Large cardiac cells of the conducting system embedded in the ventricular walls between the endocardium and myocardium.

A) sinoatrial node
B) atrioventricular node
C) subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)
D) atrioventricular bundle
E) atrioventricular branches

Question 34

The inner endothelial layer that lines the heart is the

A) epicardium.
B) endocardium.
C) pericardium.
D) myocardium.

Question 35

A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through which vessel?

A) the coronary sinus
B) the inferior vena cava
C) the superior vena cava
D) a pulmonary vein

Question 36

Semilunar valves are located

A) between the great veins and the atria.
B) between the atria and the ventricles.
C) only between the left ventricle and the aorta.
D) between the ventricles and the great arteries.

Question 37

How did the sinoatrial (SA) node most likely get its name?

A) It is damaged by sinus infections (head colds).
B) It develops from the sinus venosus and lies in an atrium.
C) It is on the side of the atrium.
D) It lies at the opening of the coronary sinus.

Question 38

What structures anchor the chordae tendineae?

A) papillary muscles
B) trabeculae carneae
C) semilunar valves
D) pectinate muscles

Question 39

The cusps of the valves of the heart are covered by

A) modified pericardium.
B) epicardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

Question 40

A penetrating stab wound to the heart wall that causes blood to leak into the pericardial cavity would result in

A) endocarditis.
B) cardiac tamponade.
C) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
D) myocardial infarction.

Question 41

Which structure develops from the embryological chamber called the sinus venosus?

A) the right ventricle
B) the left atrium
C) the pulmonary trunk
D) sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 42

Which of the following veins does not deliver blood directly to the right atrium?

A) coronary sinus
B) superior vena cava
C) the great cardiac veins
D) inferior vena cava

Question 43

Blood is carried to capillaries in the myocardium by way of the

A) coronary arteries.
B) coronary sinus.
C) fossa ovalis.
D) coronary veins.

Question 44

The artery that nourishes the walls of the left atrium is the

A) circumflex.
B) anterior interventricular.
C) right coronary.
D) posterior interventricular.

Question 45

The term for pain caused by deficient blood delivery to the heart wall is

A) angina pectoris.
B) myocardial infarct.
C) ischemia.
D) pericarditis.

Question 46

Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart and enters the

A) left atrium.
B) right atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

Question 47

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the

A) left ventricle.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) right atrium.

Question 48

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the coronary sulcus is the

A) posterior interventricular artery.
B) right coronary artery.
C) right marginal artery.
D) small cardiac vein.

Question 49

The crista terminalis can be used to locate all of the following structures except the

A) opening of the superior vena cava.
B) opening of the inferior vena cava.
C) opening of the pulmonary veins.
D) opening of the coronary sinus.

Question 50

At which corner point of the heart does one listen for the sound of the closing aortic semilunar valve?

A) inferior right
B) inferior left
C) superior left
D) superior right

Question 51

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus is the

A) coronary sinus.
B) middle cardiac vein.
C) anterior interventricular artery/Left anterior descending artery (LAD).
D) circumflex artery.

Question 52

The small cardiac vein is present on the

A) right ventricle.
B) left ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) right atrium.

Question 53

Stenosis of the mitral valve may cause blood to back up into the

A) coronary circulation.
B) right ventricle.
C) pulmonary circulation.
D) venae cavae.

Question 54

The epicardium is the same as the

A) visceral layer of serous pericardium.
B) endocardium.
C) pericardium.
D) fibrous pericardium.

Question 55

The desmosome-like structures that attach adjacent cardiac muscle cells are called

A) gap junctions.
B) intercalated disks.
C) T tubules.
D) fasciae adherens.

Question 56

What is the effect of the parasympathetic fibers carried by the vagus nerve?

A) The heartbeat is not influenced by the vagus nerve.
B) They slow the heartbeat.
C) They speed up the heartbeat.
D) They increase the force of cardiac contractions.

Question 57

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood around the systemic circuit is the

A) left ventricle.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) right atrium.

Question 58

Which vessel returns most of the venous blood from the heart to the right atrium?

A) the posterior interventricular vein
B) the anterior cardiac vein
C) the coronary sinus
D) the great cardiac vein

Question 59

During ventricular systole, blood is

A) forced from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
B) not flowing into or out of the heart.
C) forced from the atria into the ventricles.
D) flowing from the systemic and pulmonary circuits into both the atria and ventricles.

Question 60

The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the

A) left ventricle.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) right atrium.

Question 61

Which of the following statements about fetal heart development is false?

A) The heart develops from mesodermal mesenchyme.
B) The four heart chambers first develop during the third trimester.
C) The two atria are connected by a foramen ovale until birth.
D) The heart begins as a pair of tubes in the midline of the thorax.

Question 62

Insertion of a stent to treat coronary artery disease (CAD)

A) is accomplished by laparoscopic incision at the jugular notch.
B) involves grafting a portion of the saphenous vein that contains the stent into the occluded artery.
C) occurs through a catheter inserted in the femoral artery.
D) requires open heart surgery.

Question 63

The atrioventricular node is located in the

A) interventricular septum, near the heart base.
B) inferior part of the interatrial septum.
C) walls of the ventricles, with the other Purkinje fibers.
D) right atrium, just inferior to the opening of the superior vena cava.

Question 64

There is a foramen ovale in the skull and another one in the heart. The foramen ovale in the heart gives rise to the

A) openings between the ventricles.
B) openings between the atria and ventricles.
C) aortic semilunar valve.
D) fossa ovalis.

Question 65

Cells of the subendocardial conducting network

A) are pacemaker cells located in the SA node that initiate each heartbeat.
B) are sensory cells that monitor the stretch of the myocardium to prevent overexpansion by high blood pressure.
C) are larger and have fewer myofilaments than other cardiac cells.
D) are nonconducting cells that electrically insulate the bundle branches of the interventricular septum.

Question 66

The base of the aorta derives from which of these ʺoriginalʺ heart chambers in the embryo?

A) ventricle
B) bulbus cordis
C) sinus venosus
D) atrium

Question 67

The semilunar valves are closed when

A) atria are contracting.
B) the ventricles are relaxing.
C) the atrioventricular valves are closed.
D) the ventricles are contracting.

Question 68

During left ventricular systole, blood exits the heart to enter the

A) pulmonary trunk.
B) venae cavae.
C) pulmonary vein.
D) aorta.

Question 69

Of the three layers of the heart wall, the layer that contains the cardiac muscle is the

A) endocardium.
B) myocardium.
C) epicardium.
D) visceral layer of serous pericardium.

Question 70

In the pericardial sac, the lies directly deep to the fibrous pericardium.

A) parietal layer of the serous pericardium
B) visceral layer of serous pericardium
C) epicardium
D) pericardial cavity

Question 71

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right ventricular wall so that it can

A) expand the thoracic cage during diastole.
B) pump blood with greater pressure.
C) pump blood through a smaller valve.
D) accommodate a greater volume of blood.

Question 72

If the beating heart makes a ʺlub-dupʺ sound, the ʺdupʺ sound is caused by

A) the apex of the heart hitting the anterior chest wall.
B) vibrations that result from the semilunar valves slamming shut.
C) a stenotic atrioventricular valve.
D) the large force of the contracting ventricles.

Question 73

Pericarditis can lead to all of the following except

A) a myocardial infarction.
B) excess fluid in the pericardial cavity.
C) pericardial friction rub.
D) adhesions.

Question 74

Which of the following is not an age-related change in the heart?

A) fibrosis of cardiac muscle
B) decline in cardiac reserve
C) atherosclerosis
D) thinning of the valve cusps

Question 75

The tricuspid valve is closed

A) when the ventricle is in systole.
B) while the atrium is contracting.
C) while the ventricle is in diastole.
D) by movement of blood from atrium to ventricle.

Question 76

Clinically, the posterior interventricular artery is referred to as the

A) left artery ascending.
B) posterior descending artery.
C) left artery descending.
D) posterior ascending artery.

Question 77

To listen for the aortic semilunar valve on the chest wall, one would place the stethoscope in the

A) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum.
B) fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple.
C) second intercostal space to the left of the sternum.
D) fifth right intercostal space.

Question 78

The ʺheartstringsʺ are

A) trabeculae carneae.
B) chordae tendineae.
C) cusps of the atrioventricular valves.
D) papillary muscles.

Question 79

Of the following heart chambers, which is most affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle

Question 80

Destruction of which structure will result in electrical signals traveling to only one ventricle?

A) sinoatrial node
B) internodal pathway
C) bundle branch
D) atrioventricular bundle