Deck 17: The Nervous System: Autonomic Division

Question 1

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates an immune organ that also secretes hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Largest purely endocrine gland in the body.

A) adrenal gland
B) pancreas
C) hypophysis
D) thymus gland
E) thyroid gland

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as

A) pars tuberalis.
B) neurohypophysis.
C) tuber cinerum.
D) adenohypophysis.
E) infundibulum.

Question 5

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the brain region that secretes releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm.

A) tuber cinerum
B) infundibulum
C) pars tuberalis
D) adenohypophysis
E) neurohypophysis

Question 7

Region of the hypophysis that releases hormones stored in neurosecretory bodies in axon terminals.

A) adenohypophysis
B) neurohypophysis
C) tuber cinerum
D) infundibulum
E) pars tuberalis

Question 8

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates an organ that secretes hormones controlling blood sugar levels.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the hypophysis.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Pancreatic cell type that produces glucagon.

A) gamma cells
B) beta cells
C) alpha cells
D) PP cells
E) delta cells

Question 11

Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children.

A) thyroxine
B) parathyroid hormone
C) catecholamines
D) calcitonin
E) oxytocin

Question 12

Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function.

A) mineralocorticoids
B) glucocorticoids
C) androgens
D) amino acid-based hormones
E) gonadotrophins

Question 13

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a ʺmaster glandʺ that secretes at least nine hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Gland of the posterior diencephalon.

A) adneohypophysis
B) neurohypophysis
C) thymus gland
D) parathyroid gland
E) pineal gland

Question 15

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a commissure connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes corticosteroids.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.

A) beta cells
B) alpha cells
C) delta cells
D) gamma cells
E) PP cells

Question 18

Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells.

A) gonadal cells of the ovaries/testes
B) pancreas
C) thymus gland
D) adrenal gland
E) thyroid gland

Question 19

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes melatonin.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that regulates circadian rhythms.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

Class of hormones that regulates secretions of other endocrine glands.

A) tropic
B) acidophilic
C) basophilic
D) atrial naturetic peptide
E) renin

Question 22

Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA.

A) zona fasiculata
B) zona reticularis
C) zona glomerulosa
D) chrommafin cells
E) tuber cinerum

Question 23

Which of the following is not part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) pars tuberalis
B) pars nervosa
C) pars intermedia
D) pars distalis

Question 24

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pars distalis does not regulate the function of other endocrine glands?

A) MSH
B) TSH
C) FSH
D) ACTH

Question 25

Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone?

A) copper
B) iron
C) calcium
D) iodine

Question 26

Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months?

A) the pituitary
B) the ovary
C) the pancreas
D) the thyroid

Question 27

Which of the following hormones indirectly increases the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?

A) TSH
B) renin
C) ACTH
D) corticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 28

Somatostatin

A) inhibits the exocrine activity of the pancreas.
B) inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon.
C) increases the release of glucagon.
D) increases the release of insulin.

Question 29

Which arrangement of endocrine cells does not allow for maximum contact with blood capillaries?

A) ducts
B) clusters
C) branching networks
D) cords

Question 30

Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx?

A) anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary
B) thyroid and parathyroids
C) adrenal medulla
D) pineal

Question 31

The adrenal medulla secretes

A) cortisol.
B) aldosterone.
C) epinephrine and norepinephrine.
D) glucocorticoids.

Question 32

Which of the following is a major source of steroid hormones in the body?

A) the adrenal medulla
B) the pituitary
C) the thyroid
D) the gonads

Question 33

Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function.

A) adneohypophysis
B) neurohypophysis
C) pineal gland
D) parathyroid gland
E) thymus gland

Question 34

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) LH
B) adrenaline
C) ADH
D) glucagon

Question 35

Jellylike substance found in the thyroid follicles containing high concentrations of stored thyroglobulin.

A) cortisol
B) colloid
C) acinar
D) brain sand

Question 36

Cells of the thyroid that produce calcitonin.

A) parafollicular cells
B) pituicytes
C) parathyroid cells
D) oxyphil cells
E) follicular cells

Question 37

Which of the following statements concerning the endocrine glands is incorrect?

A) They secrete messenger molecules called hormones.
B) They are a group of ductless glands.
C) The hormones they secrete travel more quickly than nerve impulses.
D) The hormones they secrete regulate processes such as growth and metabolism.

Question 38

The hormone produced by the heart

A) increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.
B) increases calcium levels in the blood.
C) decreases urine output.
D) is secreted in response to low blood volumes.

Question 39

The action of the parathyroid hormone is counteracted by

A) calcitonin.
B) oxytocin.
C) GH.
D) thyroxin.

Question 40

Which endocrine gland stands out in X-ray images and helps radiologists get oriented in the brain?

A) the hypothalamus
B) the thyroid gland
C) the pituitary gland
D) the pineal gland

Question 41

The secretion of hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary is controlled by the

A) hypothalamus.
B) pancreatic islets.
C) pars distalis.
D) atria of the heart.

Question 42

Which of the following statements concerning the supraoptic nucleus is false?

A) It gets its name because it is superior to the optic chiasma.
B) It produces the hormone oxytocin.
C) It is part of the hypothalamus.
D) It is a brain nucleus rather than a cell nucleus.

Question 43

Which of the following hormones is secreted by neurons?

A) insulin
B) thyroid hormone
C) oxytocin
D) growth hormone

Question 44

The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the

A) infundibulum.
B) tuber cinereum.
C) pars intermedia.
D) pars nervosa.

Question 45

The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormone is

A) nervous.
B) humoral.
C) hormonal.
D) calcium.

Question 46

Erythropoietin is produced in the

A) heart.
B) thymus.
C) kidney.
D) bone marrow.

Question 47

Prolactinoma is the most common tumor of the

A) thyroid.
B) pituitary gland.
C) adrenal medulla.
D) pineal gland.

Question 48

Which of the following is not part of the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) pars nervosa
B) infundibular stalk
C) median eminence
D) pars intermedia

Question 49

Which of the following hormones is secreted by cardiac muscle cells?

A) epinephrine
B) FSH
C) ADH
D) atrial natriuretic hormone

Question 50

The major stimulus for the release of the amine hormones of the adrenal gland is

A) adrenaline.
B) nervous.
C) humoral.
D) hormonal.

Question 51

The hypophyseal pouch is involved in the formation of the

A) thymus.
B) pituitary gland.
C) thyroid gland.
D) pineal gland.

Question 52

Vitamin D is synthesized and secreted by

A) bone cells.
B) the epithelium of the small intestine.
C) the epidermis.
D) the brain.

Question 53

Of the following endocrine organs, which does not migrate away from its original site of formation in the embryo?

A) thymus
B) thyroid gland
C) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
D) parathyroid glands

Question 54

Which of the following hormones is secreted into the primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system?

A) oxytocin
B) growth hormone-releasing hormone
C) growth hormone
D) ADH

Question 55

The target of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is

A) the thyroid.
B) the gonads.
C) the thymus.
D) the parathyroid.

Question 56

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is produced by

A) corticotropic cells.
B) thyrotropic cells.
C) somatotropic cells.
D) gonadotropic cells.

Question 57

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the placenta?

A) testosterone
B) progesterone
C) hCG
D) estrogens

Question 58

Individuals with type 2 diabetes

A) have pancreases that produce and secrete very little insulin.
B) have an absolute requirement for insulin injections.
C) may often control their disease by diet and exercise.
D) have normal concentrations of glucose in their blood.

Question 59

The condition in which a neoplasm leads to hypersecretion of amine hormones by the adrenal medulla is called

A) myxedema.
B) acromegaly.
C) pheochromocytoma.
D) Gravesʹ disease.

Question 60

Compared to most other organs in the body, endocrine organs are

A) mainly epithelial cells.
B) well vascularized.
C) poorly vascularized.
D) have an average amount of vascularization.

Question 61

Pituitary disorders include all of the following except

A) gigantism.
B) pituitary dwarfism.
C) Gravesʹ disease.
D) acromegaly.

Question 62

Endocrine cells that secrete steroids have all of the following cytoplasmic features except

A) secretion via diffusion.
B) lipid droplets.
C) secretory granules.
D) abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 63

The artery that supplies most of the pituitary gland (but not the pars nervosa) is the

A) hypophyseal branch of the external carotid artery.
B) primary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system.
C) superior hypophyseal artery.
D) basilar artery on the brain stem.

Question 64

The primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system is located in

A) the median eminence.
B) the pars tuberalis.
C) the infundibular stalk.
D) the hypothalamus.

Question 65

The cells that secrete parathyroid hormone are called

A) follicular cells.
B) parafollicular cells.
C) parathyroid cells.
D) oxyphil cells.

Question 66

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pars distalis is a tropic hormone?

A) prolactin
B) LH
C) growth hormone
D) MSH

Question 67

Cells that manufacture and secrete androgens are located in the

A) zona reticularis.
B) nonpregnant uterus.
C) bone tissue.
D) pituitary gland.

Question 68

Which region of the adrenal cortex consists of cells arranged in parallel cords?

A) zona fasciculata
B) zona reticularis
C) zona pellucia
D) zona glomerulosa

Question 69

Cells that manufacture and secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone are located in the

A) adrenal cortex.
B) hypothalamus.
C) pars distalis.
D) thyroid gland.

Question 70

Which cells produce the thyroid hormone precursor thyroglobulin?

A) parathyroid cells
B) follicular cells
C) parafollicular cells
D) oxyphil cells

Question 71

A cell type in the pars distalis that secretes two major kinds of hormones instead of one is the

A) prolactin cell.
B) somatotropic cell.
C) thyrotropic cell.
D) gonadotropic cell.

Question 72

The thyroid gland is located

A) anterior to the aortic arch.
B) posterior to the sternum.
C) on the superior aspect of the kidneys.
D) immediately inferior to the larynx.

Question 73

Parathyroid hormone causes all of the following except

A) activation of vitamin D.
B) increase in plasma calcium.
C) inhibition of osteoclasts.
D) decreased secretion of calcium by the kidney.

Question 74

Cells that manufacture and secrete aldosterone are located in the

A) pars distalis.
B) zona glomerulosa.
C) pars nervosa.
D) renal cortex.

Question 75

Cells of the adrenal medulla are most closely allied with

A) the T lymphocytes of the immune system.
B) the exocrine acinar cells of the pancreas.
C) the pinealocytes.
D) the sympathetic neurons.

Question 76

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland?

A) prolactin-inhibiting hormone
B) melatonin
C) oxytocin
D) melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 77

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by trauma to the

A) pancreas.
B) posterior pituitary gland.
C) gonads.
D) kidney.

Question 78

The beta type of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets secretes a hormone that

A) targets liver cells.
B) lowers blood sugar levels.
C) raises blood sugar concentrations.
D) inhibits secretion by the exocrine pancreas.

Question 79

Androgens are secreted and directly converted to estrogens and testosterone by the

A) interstitial cells.
B) pituitary gland.
C) peripheral reproductive cells.
D) gonadotropic cells.

Question 80

Cells that manufacture and secrete ACTH are located in the

A) adrenal cortex.
B) pituitary gland.
C) adrenal medulla.
D) heart.