Deck 18: Other Bacteria

Question 1

Which of the following MIGHT be present within a cyanobacterium?

A) gas vesicles
B) akinetes
C) phycobilins
D) all of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE of Prochloron?

A) They share a common ancestor with cyanobacteria and chloroplasts within green plants.
B) They are phylogenetically in Archaea despite having peptidoglycan- like cell membranes.
C) They have chlorophylls a and b as well as phycobilin carotenoids.
D) all of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The homofermentative genus of lactic acid bacteria that contains organisms of dairy significance is

A) Leuconostoc.
B) Lactococcus.
C) Corynebacterium.
D) Enterococcus.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In a consortium, phototrophic cells are called

A) epibionts.
B) phycobilisomes.
C) conidia.
D) heliobacteria.

Question 5

Which of the following is a trait of Mycobacterium?

A) high concentration of teichoic acids in their cell membranes
B) soil parasites
C) gram negative
D) acid fast

Question 6

The most numerically dominant bacteria within the human large intestine and most important anaerobic bacteria associated with human infections are species of the genus

A) Bacteroides.
B) Escherichia.
C) Clostridium.
D) Flavobacterium.

Question 7

Which of the following endospores- forming genera are cocci rather than rods?

A) Clostridium
B) Sporosarcina
C) Bacillus
D) Paenibacillus

Question 8

The site of nitrogen fixation in most of the cyanobacteria is the

A) akinete.
B) vegetative cell.
C) heterocyst.
D) hormogonium.

Question 9

Which of the following spirochete genera does NOT include a known human pathogen?

A) Leptospira
B) Treponema
C) Borrelia
D) Cristispira

Question 10

Some filamentous cyanobacteria can grow without light using as carbon and energy sources.

A) glucose or sucrose
B) vitamins
C) carbon dioxide
D) acetic acid

Question 11

You have isolated a gram- positive coccus from your inner nose. The organism appears in cell clusters when viewed microscopically, is catalase positive, and grows well on a rich medium containing 7.5% sodium chloride. This bacterium is likely a member of the genus

A) Micrococcus.
B) Staphylococcus.
C) Lactobacillus.
D) Streptococcus.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of streptomycetes?

A) relatively high antifungal production
B) primarily aquatic
C) endospore production
D) large filamentous growth

Question 13

Cyanobacteria can be divided into morphological groups that include all of the following EXCEPT

A) unicellular colonial.
B) colonial heterocystous.
C) unicellular and divide by binary fission.
D) filamentous heterocystous.

Question 14

Perhaps the most salt- tolerant and salt- requiring of all Bacteria is the genus

A) Halococcus.
B) Halobacterium.
C) Salinibacter.
D) Rhodothermus.

Question 15

In which habitat are geosmin- producing organisms found?

A) freshwater
B) hydrothermal vents
C) soil
D) marine environments

Question 16

A gram- positive microorganism has the following traits: filamentous, forms spores at the end of mycelia, produces antibiotics, produces geosmin, is nutritionally versatile, yields compact "dusty" colonies on agar culture media. These traits describe the genus

A) Streptomyces.
B) Mycobacterium.
C) Lactobacillus.
D) Streptobacillus.

Question 17

The virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been correlated with what component?

A) scotochromogenesis
B) mycolic acid
C) cord factor glycolipids
D) conidia

Question 18

The organisms whose fermentative production of carbon dioxide produces the characteristic holes in Swiss (Emmentaler) cheese are the

A) lactic acid bacteria.
B) propionic acid bacteria.
C) mycobacteria.
D) lactobacilli.

Question 19

Which thermophilic bacterium is a common source of polymerase used in polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for amplifying DNA in vitro?

A) Thermus aquaticus
B) Deinococcus radiodurans
C) Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum
D) Thermomicrobium roseum

Question 20

Complex polymers in the environment such as lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides can be broken down by extracellular hydrolytic enzymes produced by bacteria within the genus

A) Gemmata.
B) Listeria.
C) Geothrix.
D) Bacillus.

Question 21

The most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth is

A) Prochlorococcus.
B) Prochloron.
C) Synechococcus.
D) Oscillatoria.

Question 22

The manufacture of Swiss cheese requires an initial fermentation of lactose to lactic acid by
organisms. Next, lactate is fermented to propionate by the bacteria.

Question 23

Which gram- positive, phototrophic bacterium contains bacteriochlorophyll g pigments?

A) purple bacteria
B) Chloroflexi
C) heliobacteria
D) green nonsulfur bacteria

Question 24

In which morphological group of cyanobacteria are hormogonia found?

A) unicellular
B) colonial
C) filamentous
D) akinetes

Question 25

The spirochete _, which causes the sexually transmitted disease, syphilis, has remained unculturable despite many efforts.

Question 26

The genus contains species of bacteria that divide in three perpendicular planes to yield packets of eight or more cells.

Question 27

The most thermophilic of all known Bacteria is the genus

A) Thermotoga.
B) Thermus.
C) Aquifex.
D) Thermocrinis.

Question 28

Over distinct antibiotics have been shown to be produced by streptomycetes and many more are suspected.

Question 29

Mycolic acid is a characteristic of the genus .

Question 30

How many prosthecae are produced by Verrucomicrobium and Prosthecobacter?

A) 2- several
B) 50- 500
C) 0- 5
D) any even number because they are produced in pairs

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a trait of the chlamydias?

A) obligately parasitic bacteria
B) contain both DNA and RNA
C) primarily transmitted by arthropod vectors
D) have limited biosynthetic capacities

Question 32

The complex branched- chain hydroxy lipids present in the peptidoglycan in the cell wall of mycobacteria are known as .

Question 33

Which species is commonly present on the skin of humans, normally does not cause disease, and grows well on 7.5% NaCl- containing media?

A) Staphylococcus epidermidis
B) Sarcina ventriculi
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Treponema saccharophilum

Question 34

Organisms that produce streptolysin O or S display - hemolysis on blood agar.

Question 35

What selects for endospore- forming bacteria from a consortium of diverse soil microorganisms?

A) exposure of chaotropic agents
B) 80° C heat for 10 minutes
C) low salts and no light
D) no oxygen

Question 36

is a copolymer of aspartic acid and , and it serves as a nitrogen storage structure in many cyanobacteria.

Question 37

Phylogenetically, which is the earliest known phototrophic bacterium?

A) Chloroflexus
B) Chloroacidobacterium
C) Heliorestis
D) Prochlorococcus

Question 38

The copolymer of aspartic acid and arginine that is a nitrogen storage product for many of the cyanobacteria is known as a(n) .

Question 39

An unusual biochemical feature of species of Thermodesulfobacterium is the presence of
.

Question 40

Which genus is capable of digesting agar, cellulose, and chitin?

A) Flexibacter
B) Salinibacter
C) Cytophaga
D) Rhodothermus

Question 41

Mycoplasmas are unusual prokaryotes because they lack .

Question 42

The homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria can be differentiated by the production of and the heterofermenters during fermentation.

Question 43

is the name of the genus of gram- positive, rod- shaped bacteria used in the production of fermented milk products.

Question 44

An isolation method using intense exposure of _ selects for deinococci.

Question 45

Although the determination of hemolysis patterns on blood agar is interesting, it does not play a role in the identification of subdivisions within the genus Streptococcus.

Question 46

Species of the genus Prosthecobacter contain two genes that show significant homology to the genes that encode in eukaryotic cells.

Question 47

The most striking property of the streptomycetes is the extent to which they produce
.

Question 48

A number of _ species are fish pathogens and can cause serious problems in the cultivated fish industry.

Question 49

Green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria can be distinguished by where S0 products are deposited from hydrogen sulfide oxidation.

Question 50

Coupled catabolism of a mixture of amino acids is known as the .

Question 51

a- hemolysis is not true hemolysis, but is due to _ and loss of from the red blood cells.

Question 52

Homofermentative lactic acid bacteria produce as a result of fermentation of sugars, while heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria produce , , and
following sugar fermentation.

Question 53

are bacteriochlorophyll- rich bodies attached to the cytoplasmic membrane within bacterial cells.

Question 54

The acid resistance of the lactobacilli enables them to continue growing during natural lactic acid fermentations, even when the pH value has dropped too low for other lactic acid bacteria to grow.

Question 55

The numerically predominant organism in the human large intestine is .

Question 56

Flavobacterium colonies are often - pigmented, rarely cause disease in humans, and are primarily found in environments.

Question 57

Most anaerobic nitrogen fixation in the soil is accomplished by the organism .

Question 58

Most actinomycetes form conidiospores.

Question 59

Mollicutes lack cell walls and are therefore neither gram- negative nor gram- positive.

Question 60

Based on metabolism and on oxygen requirements, the genus Clostridium is classified as
and .

Question 61

Explain how and why Halobacterium and Salinibacter are said to exhibit convergent evolution even though they are phylogenetically distinct.

Question 62

In the acid- fast (Ziehl- Neelsen) stain, the role of the phenol is to enhance penetration of the crystal violet into the cell wall.

Question 63

Explain one hypothesis for why Streptomyces species produce antibiotics.

Question 64

Polaribacter and Psychroflexus are two psychrophilic genera that participate in food spoilage and often cause disease in humans.

Question 65

In the Stickland reaction, each amino acid functions to donate electrons to a hydrogen atom, producing water.

Question 66

Aquifex species form pink "streamers" in Yellowstone National Park.

Question 67

Bacteroides are unusual among Bacteria in that they are one of the few groups of organisms to synthesize sphingolipids.

Question 68

The mycobacteria are not readily stained by the Gram stain method because of high mycolic acid content.

Question 69

The lactic acid bacteria are usually restricted to habitats in which sugars are present.

Question 70

Explain how deinococci are able to repair damaged DNA.

Question 71

Staphylococcus epidermidis is most commonly associated with pathological conditions, including boils, pimples, pneumonia, and arthritis.

Question 72

Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of trachoma, the leading cause of blindness in humans.

Question 73

Hyperthermophilic Bacteria cluster deep in the phylogenetic tree of Bacteria.

Question 74

Explain how you would isolate an anaerobic, endospore- forming bacterium from its natural environment.

Question 75

The structure of the cell wall of cyanobacteria is most similar to that of gram- positive Bacteria.

Question 76

Species of the genus Cytophaga produce resting spherical structures called microcysts.

Question 77

Sporosarcina ureae are typically isolated from acidic soils.

Question 78

Some clostridia obtain energy by fermenting amino acids.

Question 79

Heliobacteria are oxygenic phototrophs.

Question 80

Describe the cell division mechanism coryneform bacteria undergo and the morphological result.