Question 1

In DSM-IV, children with ADHD were classified into one of three subtypes, based on their symptom presentation. In contrast, in DSM-5 does not use subtypes; instead children with ADHD are described in terms of their predominant symptom presentation. Why did the creators of DSM-5 make this change?

A)Clinicians working in mental health centers and hospitals did not find the distinction between the three subtypes useful in their practice.
B)Researchers working at universities did not find the distinction between the three subtypes useful in their research into the causes of ADHD)
C)The three subtypes had low reliability over time; children often switched from one subtype to another.
D)The three subtypes all responded to the same type of treatment; medication worked equally well for all children regardless of subtype.

Accepted Answer

The creators of DSM-5 made the change to eliminate the three subtypes due to the lack of reliability over time. Children would often switch from one subtype to another, making the subtypes less useful in predicting and understanding the course of the disorder.

Question 2

Which of the following is usually NOT considered a limitation of the use of stimulant medication to treat ADHD in school age children?&#10;A)As many as 30% of youths with ADHD do not respond to stimulant medication.&#10;B)Discontinuation of stimulant medication almost always results in a return of ADHD symptoms.&#10;C)Long-term use of medication is associated with shorter stature and significant weight loss.&#10;D)Stimulant medications can exacerbate tics.

Accepted Answer

The other three choices are commonly considered limitations of stimulant medication use to treat ADHD in school age children. However, long-term use of stimulant medication is not usually associated with shorter stature and significant weight loss. While stimulant medication can potentially affect growth and appetite in the short-term, research has not consistently shown significant long-term effects on height or weight.

Question 3

According to Olfson and colleagues (2003), which of the following is probably NOT a reason for the increased prevalence of ADHD?&#10;A)Parents can sometimes receive special education services for their children if children are diagnosed with ADHD)&#10;B)ADHD is better recognized and diagnosed today than in past years.&#10;C)Professional and supportive organizations have reduced the stigma associated with an ADHD diagnosis.&#10;D)A combination of genetic factors and changing environmental circumstances have contributed to an increase in ADHD)

Accepted Answer

Olfson and colleagues (2003) likely did not attribute the increased prevalence of ADHD to genetic factors and changing environmental circumstances, as these are not typically cited reasons for the increase in diagnosis rates.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about ADHD is NOT true?&#10;A)Children cannot be diagnosed with ADHD unless they meet diagnostic criteria before age 12 years.&#10;B)Children cannot be diagnosed with ADHD if they show significant symptoms only at home, regardless of symptom severity.&#10;C)Children can be diagnosed with ADHD even if they do not show any attention problems.&#10;D)The term ADD is not listed as a mental disorder in the DSM-5 at this time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about ADHD...

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true regarding ADHD in college students and other adults?&#10;A)The prevalence of ADHD is usually greater among college students and other adults than among children.&#10;B)College students and other adults with ADHD only need to five symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity to be diagnosed with ADHD)&#10;C)The DSM-5 symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are the same for children, adolescents, and adults.&#10;D)Adults can show symptoms of either inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity to be diagnosed with ADHD; children must show both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 criteria for ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are consistent across children, adolescents, and adults.

Question 6

Results of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD showed...&#10;A)Behavioral treatment is efficacious in reducing children's ADHD symptoms.&#10;B)Children who were referred to the community for treatment did not show significant symptom reduction.&#10;C)Behavioral treatment alone resulted in greater symptom reduction than the use of medication alone.&#10;D)Combining behavioral treatment and medication was much more effective at reducing ADHD symptoms than using medication alone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Results of the Multimodal Treatment Study of...

Question 7

What was the main finding of the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS)?&#10;A)Preschool-age children with ADHD should receive psychosocial treatment (e.g., clinical behavior therapy) only.&#10;B)Medication works slightly better than psychosocial treatment in reducing ADHD symptoms in preschool-age children.&#10;C)Medication is effective in reducing ADHD symptoms in preschool-age children, but most children do not experience complete symptom remission.&#10;D)Medication is generally not effective in reducing ADHD symptoms in preschool-age children.

Accepted Answer

The main finding of the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS) was that medication is effective in reducing ADHD symptoms in preschool-age children, but most children do not experience complete symptom remission. The study found that medication worked better than psychosocial treatment alone in reducing symptoms. However, it is important to note that the medication did not completely eliminate symptoms in most children.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a component of Barkely's neurodevelopmental model for ADHD.&#10;A)Verbal language&#10;B)Working memory&#10;C)Behavioral inhibition&#10;D)Emotion regulation

Accepted Answer

Barkley's neurodevelopmental model for ADHD includes three components: 1) executive functioning deficits (including working memory, behavioral inhibition, and emotion regulation), 2) delay aversion, and 3) a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Verbal language is not included as a component in this model.

Question 9

According to Gray's neurological systems theory, children with ADHD show...&#10;A)overactivity of the BIS and underactivity of the BAS.&#10;B)overactivity of the BAS and underactivity of the BIS&#10;C)overactivity of the BIS only&#10;D)underactivity of the BAS only

Accepted Answer

Gray's neurological systems theory suggests that individuals with ADHD have overactivity in the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and underactivity in the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). The BAS is responsible for motivating behavior towards rewards, while the BIS is responsible for inhibiting behavior in response to punishment or uncertainty. Overactivity in the BAS contributes to impulsive behavior, while underactivity in the BIS leads to a reduced ability to inhibit inappropriate behavior. Therefore, the best choice is B - overactivity of the BAS and underactivity of the BIS.

Question 10

The prevalence of ADHD is highest among...&#10;A)preschoolers.&#10;B)school age children.&#10;C)adolescents.&#10;D)young adults.

Accepted Answer

ADHD is more commonly diagnosed and prevalent among school-age children, with estimates showing that around 9.4% of children aged 2-17 years have been diagnosed with the disorder. While it can persist into adolescence and adulthood, the prevalence drops off in these age groups.

Question 11

ADHD is most closely associated with genes that regulate...&#10;A)the dopamine neurotransmitter system.&#10;B)the serotonin neuriotransmitter system.&#10;C)the BIS&#10;D)the BIS and BAS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ADHD is most closely associated with genes...

Question 12

Which of the following statements usually DOES NOT describe youth who show sluggish cognitive tempo?&#10;A)They appear lethargic in school.&#10;B)They are passive with parents and friends.&#10;C)They often have low IQ.&#10;D)They appear as if they are daydreaming.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements usually DOES...

Question 13

One main difference between clinical behavior therapy and direct contingency management is...&#10;A)clinical behavior therapy is a behavioral treatment whereas direct contingency management is a cognitive treatment.&#10;B)clinical behavior therapy is administered primarily to parents whereas direct contingency management is administered primarily to children.&#10;C)clinical behavior therapy has demonstrated its efficacy in treating ADHD whereas direct contingency management has not.&#10;D)clinical behavior therapy includes the use of positive reinforcement whereas direct contingency management relies chiefly on token economies and point systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One main difference between clinical behavior therapy...

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ADHD and Bipolar Disorder is true?&#10;A)Bipolar Disorder is the most common comorbid internalizing disorder seen in children with ADHD)&#10;B)The presence of ADHD greatly increases a child's likelihood of developing Bipolar Disorder.&#10;C)The presence of Bipolar Disorder greatly increases a child's likelihood of developing ADHD)&#10;D)Bipolar Disorder is the most common comorbid externalizing disorder seen in children with ADHD)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about ADHD...

Question 15

Psychostimulant medications, used to treat ADHD, are most likely to affect which part of the brain?&#10;A)Amygdala&#10;B)Hippocampus&#10;C)Parietal lobe&#10;D)Striatum

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychostimulant medications, used to treat ADHD, are...

Deck 8: Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder