Deck 5: Managing Diversity

Question 1

A preconceived judgment about an individual or group of people is known as

A) ethnocentrism.
B) prejudice.
C) stereotyping.
D) sexism.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Workers who were born between 1946 and 1964 are typically referred to as

A) baby boomers.
B) traditionalists.
C) Generation X workers.
D) Generation Y workers.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Identify a true statement about diversity.

A) Diversity within an organization often results in poor decision making.
B) Family background and employment history are essential components of primary diversity.
C) Diversity is influenced by local and international changes.
D) The components of secondary diversity include race and sexual orientation.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is a component of secondary diversity?

A) Ethnicity
B) Age
C) Sexual orientation
D) Education

Question 5

Unfair or inequitable treatment of people based on prejudice is known as

A) discrimination.
B) egocentrism.
C) stereotyping.
D) nepotism.

Question 6

Which of the following is a recent diversity trend in the United States?

A) A decrease in the proportion of women in the workforce
B) A decrease in the rate at which mothers of young children are entering the workforce
C) An aging workforce, as some older workers postpone retirement to continue working
D) A gradual reduction in the proportions of Asian Americans and Hispanics in the workforce

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of the recent diversity trends in the United States?

A) The participation of women in the workforce has risen to above 50 percent.
B) A survey found that few women held management-related occupations.
C) The proportion of African Americans in the workforce is decreasing gradually.
D) Older workers opt for early retirement, which results in more opportunities for youngsters.

Question 8

Diversity is defined as the

A) characteristics of individuals that shape their identities and the experiences they have in society.
B) number of employees with different racial backgrounds in an organization.
C) ratio of male to female employees in an organization.
D) preconceived judgment about an individual or a group of people.

Question 9

________ refers to the beliefs and norms that govern organizational behavior in a firm.

A) Corporate agenda
B) Cultural vision
C) Corporate culture
D) Cultural value

Question 10

Which of the following is a component of primary diversity?

A) Marital status
B) Military experience
C) Race
D) Religion

Question 11

Identify a true statement about prejudice.

A) It is a generalized, fixed image of other people.
B) It is prohibited by law.
C) It can always be easily recognized.
D) It affects people's behavior.

Question 12

Martha and Ben both apply for a position at a company. Although Martha has several years of experience and is qualified for the job, the HR manager hires Ben believing that Ben, being a fresher, will be better, faster, and more productive than Martha. In this scenario, the HR manager's behavior reflects

A) ageism.
B) sexism.
C) racism.
D) social influence.

Question 13

Which of the following refers to prejudice?

A) Beliefs and norms that govern organizational behavior in a firm
B) A preconceived judgment about an individual or group of people
C) Unfair or inequitable treatment of people based on biased decisions
D) A generalized, fixed image formed of other people

Question 14

________ refers to the characteristics of individuals that shape their identities and the experiences they have in society.

A) Diversity
B) Ethnicity
C) Civility
D) Bigotry

Question 15

In the context of cultural diversity, the old "melting pot" model refers to

A) the process of finding the best fit between the employee and the job.
B) how immigrants were expected to assimilate their culture and language into the mainstream.
C) the corporate culture found in most firms today.
D) how new affirmative action programs were used to correct past discrimination problems.

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies prejudice?

A) As Cathy is a working parent, her supervisor assumes that she often abuses sick day privileges.
B) Lilly and Ben work for the same firm, and both perform similar tasks. However, Ben's pay is more than that of Lily's.
C) Erick's manager often says, "All Americans are aggressive and loud."
D) Violet's manager, Ted, often shows obscene pictures to her and threatens to fire her if she complains.

Question 17

________ diversity includes the more commonly thought of differences between people.

A) Primary
B) Rational
C) Schematic
D) Collective

Question 18

________ diversity includes things that are perhaps not as often considered but are integral to an individual's make up.

A) Rational
B) Secondary
C) Schematic
D) Collective

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of secondary diversity?

A) Secondary diversity includes the more commonly thought of differences between people.
B) Physical abilities/characteristics, race, and sexual orientation are some of the components of secondary diversity.
C) The components of secondary diversity are things that cannot be changed.
D) The components of secondary diversity include education, employment history, family background, income, geographic location, marital status, military experience, and religion.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of primary diversity?

A) Primary diversity includes things that are not as often considered but that are integral to an individual's make up.
B) Marital status, military experience, and religion are some of the components of primary diversity.
C) Primary diversity includes commonly thought of differences between people such as age, ethnicity, gender, characteristics, race, and sexual orientation.
D) The dimensions of primary diversity are factors that an individual has some control over.

Question 21

If a supervisor assumes that a female job applicant cannot make sales calls at night, he or she is making judgments based on ________.

A) prejudice
B) norms
C) ethics
D) ageism

Question 22

Identify the statement that accurately differentiates stereotypes from discrimination.

A) Stereotypes refer to the unfair treatment of people based on prejudice, whereas discrimination is a preconceived judgment about a group of people.
B) Stereotypes are prohibited by law, whereas discrimination is not prohibited by law.
C) Stereotypes are generalized, fixed images of other people, whereas discrimination is the unfair or inequitable treatment of people based on prejudice.
D) Stereotypes can be countered or eliminated, whereas discrimination cannot be countered or eliminated.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true of discrimination?

A) It is defined as a generalized, fixed image of other people.
B) It is not prohibited by law.
C) It is based on prejudice.
D) It encourages and unites employees.

Question 24

Zack, a former rock musician who holds a master's degree in economics, works as a financial advisor at Plateau Finances. Zack's boss thinks that all rock musicians are incompetent at finance-related jobs. In this case, Zack is subjected to ________.

A) stereotyping
B) racism
C) nepotism
D) discrimination

Question 25

Which of the following statements accurately differentiates between prejudice and discrimination?

A) Prejudice is a preconceived judgment about a group of people, whereas discrimination is an unfair treatment based on prejudice.
B) Prejudice is prohibited by law, whereas discrimination is not prohibited by law.
C) Prejudice refers to a generalized, fixed image of other people, whereas discrimination refers to a preconceived judgment about an individual.
D) Prejudice cannot be countered or eliminated, whereas discrimination can be countered or eliminated.

Question 26

If a manager assumes that women cannot work with machinery and consequently denies employment to them, it can be construed as ________.

A) ageism
B) discrimination
C) harassment
D) ethnocentrism

Question 27

Malik works as a correspondent at a news channel. He realizes that he has been rejected for the position of lead news anchor because the management was looking for a "white" male. Consequently, he resigns from the job. In this scenario, Malik's actions are most likely a result of

A) discrimination.
B) individualism.
C) polycentrism.
D) nepotism.

Question 28

________ are generalized, fixed images of other people.

A) Slurs
B) Ethnocentrisms
C) Stereotypes
D) Prejudices

Question 29

Which of the following refers to stereotypes?

A) Beliefs and norms that govern organizational behavior in a firm
B) Preconceived judgment about an individual
C) Unfair or inequitable treatment of people based on prejudice
D) Generalized, fixed images of others

Question 30

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies stereotyping?

A) As Cathy is a working parent, her supervisor assumes that she often abuses sick day privileges.
B) Lilly and Ben work for the same firm, and both perform similar tasks. Although both are equally qualified and experienced, Ben's pay is much higher than that of Lilly's.
C) Erick's manager often says, "All Americans are aggressive and loud."
D) Violet's manager, Ted, often shows obscene pictures to her and threatens to fire her if she complains.

Question 31

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies discrimination?

A) As Cathy is a working parent, her supervisor assumes that she often abuses sick day privileges.
B) Lilly and Ben work for the same firm, and both perform similar tasks. Although both are equally qualified and experienced, Ben's pay is much higher than that of Lilly's.
C) Erick's manager often says, "All Americans are aggressive and loud."
D) Violet's manager, Ted, often shows obscene pictures to her and threatens to fire her if she complains.

Question 32

Mike, a manager at a firm, assigns different tasks to his employees based on some preconceived notions he has about them. For example, he never assigns high-priority projects to females assuming that they are inefficient. In this case, Mike's business decisions are based on ________.

A) rationality
B) prejudices
C) company policies
D) bigotry

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true of stereotypes?

A) They are often intended and cannot be eliminated.
B) They refer to the unfair or inequitable treatment of people, which is prohibited by law.
C) They are usually based on true or complete information.
D) They occur because human beings prefer things that are familiar.

Question 34

Erick, the night supervisor at Harold's Hamburgers, believes that black people are unreliable and therefore avoids hiring them. In this scenario, Erick is displaying ________.

A) bigotry
B) sexism
C) nepotism
D) racism

Question 35

Which of the following statements accurately differentiates between prejudices and stereotypes?

A) Prejudices refer to the unfair treatment of people based on discrimination, whereas stereotypes are preconceived judgments about a group of people.
B) Prejudices are not prohibited by law, whereas stereotypes are prohibited by law.
C) Prejudices are preconceived judgments about a group of people, whereas stereotypes are generalized, fixed images of other people.
D) Prejudices cannot be countered or eliminated, whereas stereotypes can be countered or eliminated once recognized.

Question 36

The statement "All youngsters are impulsive and careless" is an example of ________.

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) a stereotype
D) sexism

Question 37

If a manager assumes that people from a particular race or belonging to a certain religion are less reliable than others and consequently denies them employment, it can be construed as ________.

A) sexism
B) discrimination
C) abuse
D) bigotry

Question 38

If a supervisor assumes that an older worker is not as physically strong as a younger one, he or she is making judgments based on ________.

A) prejudice
B) norms
C) ethics
D) sexism

Question 39

Which of the following refers to discrimination?

A) Beliefs and norms that govern organizational behavior in a firm
B) A preconceived judgment about an individual or group of people
C) Unfair or inequitable treatment of people based on prejudice
D) A generalized, fixed image formed of other people

Question 40

The statement "All Americans are loud and aggressive" is an example of

A) a stereotype.
B) prejudice.
C) discrimination.
D) nepotism.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is true of older workers in an organization?

A) Older workers are on leave more often than younger workers.
B) The share of older workers is lesser since World War II.
C) The percentage of the population that is 65 years and older in the workforce is decreasing.
D) Older workers are more afraid of discrimination than of change.

Question 42

________, or discrimination based on gender stereotypes, is a barrier to diversity that many employers have taken steps to combat and prevent.

A) Ageism
B) Sexism
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Nepotism

Question 43

________ is the most blatant form of sexism.

A) Sexual harassment
B) Transsexualism
C) Gender egalitarianism
D) Patriarchy

Question 44

Identify a true statement about sexism.

A) The subtle use of language, such as the word "stewardess" applied to a woman instead of the gender-neutral "flight attendant," is a form of sexism.
B) Women are always the victims and men the aggressors in all cases of sexual harassment.
C) The most blatant form of sexism is transgender inequality.
D) The "glass ceiling" is an organizational practice to overcome the negative effects of sexism in a workplace.

Question 45

In the context of ageism, which of the following statements is true of older workers in an organization?

A) They receive intensive coaching and more constructive feedback than younger adults.
B) They are absent from work more often than younger workers.
C) They generally must look for work longer than younger adults.
D) They are less costly to the company than younger workers because of their age.

Question 46

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies sexual harassment?

A) As Cathy is a working parent, her supervisor assumes that she often abuses sick day privileges.
B) Lilly and Ben work for the same firm, and both perform similar tasks. Although both are equally qualified and experienced, Ben's pay is much higher than Lilly's.
C) Erick's manager often says, "All Americans are aggressive and loud."
D) Violet's manager, Ted, often shows obscene pictures to her and threatens to fire her if she complains.

Question 47

Which of the following is a form of sexism?

A) Considering people from certain countries not fit for managerial positions
B) Assuming that a senior employee will not be able to handle an assignment that involves a great deal of traveling
C) Considering a woman unfit to head a business unit
D) Denying employment to a person with a questionable background

Question 48

Asking a pregnant job applicant about child care arrangements is a form of ________.

A) ageism
B) sexism
C) nepotism
D) embolism

Question 49

Which of the following terms best defines any unwanted sexual attentions, including language, behavior, or the display of images?

A) Bestiality
B) Sexual harassment
C) Adultery
D) Sexual abuse

Question 50

Sexism is discrimination based on

A) racial stereotypes.
B) gender stereotypes.
C) age stereotypes.
D) ethnic stereotypes.

Question 51

When Matilda was up for promotion, her manager stated that the role was physically demanding, and it would be hard for a woman to cope. In this case, Matilda is subjected to ________.

A) ethnocentrism
B) sexism
C) ageism
D) nepotism

Question 52

Which of the following depicts ageism?

A) Considering employees from certain countries not fit for managerial positions
B) Assuming that senior employees are incapable of handling long-term projects
C) Considering a woman unfit to head a business unit
D) Denying employment to a young employee with a questionable background

Question 53

Which of the following is often at the root of ageism?

A) Prejudices
B) Ethics
C) Norms
D) Modernizations

Question 54

A certain level of responsibility to which many qualified applicants find themselves rising to, and then no higher, despite their ability and willingness to contribute further to the goals of the firm is called

A) corporate segregation.
B) the revolving door.
C) the glass ceiling.
D) zero tolerance.

Question 55

Core Inc. is a firm where less than half of the employees are females. Veronica is one of them, and she has been a mid-level manager for several years without being able to progress. This is the case with all qualified female employees in the firm. Which of the following is most likely a reason preventing these employees from getting promoted?

A) The revolving door
B) The glass ceiling
C) The level of threshold
D) The invisible line

Question 56

In the context of sexism, which of the following statements is true of women in top positions in the United States?

A) Women are no longer a minority in top positions.
B) The number of businesses owned by women has been declining in recent decades.
C) The participation of women in the workforce has dropped to 40 percent.
D) Female entrepreneurs are making a strong mark on U.S. business.

Question 57

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies ageism?

A) As Cathy is a working parent, her supervisor assumes that she often abuses sick day privileges.
B) Lilly and Ben work for the same firm, and both perform similar tasks. Though both are equally qualified and experienced, Ben's pay is much higher than that of Lilly's.
C) Erick's manager often says, "All Americans are aggressive and loud."
D) Fifty-five-year-old James was denied employment at a manufacturing firm because the interviewer felt that younger workers are more reliable.

Question 58

Discrimination against gays or lesbians is a form of ________.

A) nepotism
B) egotism
C) sexism
D) embolism

Question 59

In the context of ageism, which of the following is true of older workers in an organization?

A) They cost less because of their greater experience.
B) They do not require any training.
C) They add diversity of thought and approach.
D) They do not take their work very seriously.

Question 60

Richard, an experienced chef, applied for a role in a commercial for baked goods. He felt he was perfect for the role as he specialized in baking. However, he was turned down because the advertising firm felt that a woman would fit the product image of baked goods better than a man would. To which of the following was Richard subjected?

A) Ethnocentrism
B) Sexism
C) Ageism
D) Nepotism

Question 61

A qualified individual with a disability is a person

A) with a disability who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of an employment position that such individual holds or desires.
B) who is less physically capable than others, or has failing eyesight, which prevents him or her from performing well on the job.
C) with a disability and considerable job experience who should be denied employment owing to the disability.
D) who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.

Question 62

________, born between 1981 and 1995, tend to be optimistic and enthusiastic, and they expect that their managers will be eager to act as mentors.

A) Generation Y employees
B) Generation X employees
C) The Millennials
D) The Baby Boomers

Question 63

Which of the following is an advantage of supervising a diverse workforce, particularly for an individual supervisor?

A) Enhanced communication skills
B) Increased productivity
C) Increased employee turnover
D) Greater innovation

Question 64

Expressions such as "get the nod" have more than one meaning. This emphasizes the fact that

A) supervisors always make assumptions when using idioms during verbal communication.
B) the complexity of English fascinates nonnative speakers of the language.
C) the English language has the potential to mislead, and certain words should be used with care.
D) nonverbal communication is more effective than verbal communication.

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true of nonverbal communication?

A) Nonverbal communication is the basis of communication that supervisors have with others.
B) Nonverbal communication offers many opportunities for bridging gaps between cultures.
C) Nonverbal communication seldom occurs without some accompanying words.
D) Nonverbal communication reflects the real complexity of any individual or foreign culture.

Question 66

A company that provides diversity training to its employees is most likely to benefit from

A) a more resilient workforce.
B) conventional work processes.
C) a bureaucratic team structure.
D) centralized decision making.

Question 67

Which of the following is a common goal of diversity training?

A) Increasing team homogeneity
B) Standardizing policies and procedures
C) Eliminating divergent thinking
D) Improving communications skills

Question 68

What should supervisors do to effectively communicate while managing a diverse workforce?

A) They should make assumptions in communications with others.
B) They must think before communicating.
C) They should avoid checking for understanding as it is impractical.
D) They must become an expert in other cultures.

Question 69

In order to build on the advantages of diversity in a work group, a supervisor should

A) standardize work timings and set fixed working hours.
B) communicate effectively to bridge cultural differences.
C) use stereotyping when dealing with racial differences.
D) form generalized, fixed images of his or her employees.

Question 70

Which of the following is often mentioned as a way to make a workplace friendlier to female employees?

A) Bilingual employee manuals
B) Flexible work arrangements
C) Special equipment and training
D) Employee loyalty programs

Question 71

________ is a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity, a record of such an impairment, or being regarded as having such an impairment.

A) Ageism
B) Bigotry
C) Dissonance
D) Disability

Question 72

Identify an advantage of supervising a diverse workforce for a business organization.

A) It leads to everyone thinking in a similar manner.
B) It leads to the phenomenon of the "glass ceiling" effect.
C) It reduces communication-related problems.
D) It reduces instances of employee turnover.

Question 73

Which of the following is needed to raise employee awareness of multiculturalism and help reduce such barriers to success as prejudice and stereotypes?

A) Emphasis on nonverbal communication
B) Team-building activities
C) Formal diversity training
D) English-speaking courses for nonnatives

Question 74

In the context of ageism, which of the following is true of a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)?

A) It enables people with disabilities to find employment.
B) It is an objective characteristic required for an individual to perform a job properly.
C) It prevents any age-related discrimination at work.
D) It is a subjective criterion that employers use to select employees.

Question 75

Hiring only those people who appear to fit into a company's corporate culture

A) can lead to a staff with similar backgrounds.
B) can reduce the potential for groupthink in the company.
C) will result in increased vitality.
D) will result in more creativity.

Question 76

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967) makes it illegal to

A) allow a senior employee to retire voluntarily before the acceptable retirement age.
B) fail to hire, or fire, on the basis of age.
C) deny older workers training that will help them advance their careers.
D) have a requirement for a bona fide occupational qualification.

Question 77

Which of the following is one of the challenges of managing diversity in a business organization?

A) The requirement of unique arrangements such as job sharing and telecommuting
B) The ability to increase the attraction and retention of the best employees for a job
C) The reduction of turnover and enhanced performance, which leads to greater market share
D) The ability to increase morale and motivation throughout the company

Question 78

Best Inc. offers its employees a paid day off to attend a diversity training program. Which of the following will be the most likely result of this offer?

A) Higher morale and motivation throughout the company
B) Increased turnover among the employees
C) Enhanced opportunities for career advancement
D) Reduced absenteeism among the employees

Question 79

Generational studies are becoming increasingly common. Who among the following are the most studied generation to date?

A) The Millennials
B) The Baby Boomers
C) The Silent Generation
D) The GI Generation

Question 80

In the context of supervising a diverse workforce, which of the following is true of communication?

A) Communication is one area in which supervisors can serve as particularly good role models of managing diversity constructively.
B) Nonverbal communication is not as powerful in many contexts as the actual words people say.
C) Body language does not differ across cultures.
D) Only spoken communication offers opportunities for bridging the gaps between cultures.