Deck 2: Epidemiology of Periodontal Diseases

Question 1

Which of the following indices was previously used but later modified to the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR)system?

A)Periodontal Index (PI)
B)Gingival Index (GI)
C)Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Index
D)Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN)

Answer 1

Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN)

Question 2

The overall prevalence of periodontitis for the NHANES III was 7.3%, while for the NHANES 1999-2000 it was

A)1%.
B)2.5%.
C)4.2%.
D)10.3%.

Answer 2

4.2%.

Question 3

Comparing the NHANES III with the more recent NHANES, the percentage of bleeding has

A)decreased.
B)increased double.
C)increased triple.
D)remained the same.

Answer 3

decreased.

Question 4

Which of the following factors is considered to be a risk indicator for periodontal disease?

A)Plaque
B)Smoking
C)Aging
D)Diabetes mellitus

Question 5

Which of the following statements defines an index?

A)Numerical expression of values used to describe a condition
B)Rate of old and new cases occurring within a year
C)Number of individuals in a population presenting with the disease
D)Number of diseased teeth or sites per individual
E)Number of risk indicators present in an individual

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about risk factors?

A)Their presence decreases the probability of getting the disease.
B)They definitively cause the disease.
C)They may not be causal.
D)All are not modifiable.

Question 7

When compared with earlier national surveys, gingivitis has declined in the United States because of increased awareness of oral hygiene as part of a daily personal hygiene routine.

A)Both statement and reason are correct.
B)Both statement and reason are incorrect.
C)The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D)The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

Question 8

Which of the following studies is used to determine the natural progression of periodontal diseases?

A)Cross-sectional
B)Longitudinal
C)Split mouth
D)Crossover

Question 9

All of the following are criteria for using indices except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Ease of use
B)Quick to perform
C)Must have validity
D)Has sensitivity
E)Measures multiple items

Question 10

Which of the following inflammation indices is used in national epidemiologic surveys, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1971-1974)?

A)Sulcus Bleeding Index (Mühlemann and Son 1971)
B)Gingival Index (GI)(Löe 1967)
C)Periodontal Index (PI)(Russell 1967)
D)Calculus Index of the National Institute of Dental Research (Miller et al. 1987)
E)Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR)

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true about periodontitis when comparing the NHANES III study and the newer NHANES (1999-2000)?

A)Severity has increased.
B)Prevalence has increased.
C)Prevalence has decreased.
D)Extent has increased.

Question 12

Which of the following sources represents where epidemiologic information about periodontal disease comes from?

A)Gallup poll
B)Election poll
C)Population survey
D)Individual survey
E)Phone survey

Question 13

The primary purpose of using an index in medicine/dentistry is to

A)standardize and reproduce data collected.
B)make data collection more efficient.
C)supplement clinical data with the patient's medical history.
D)formulate a surgical treatment plan.

Question 14

The prevalence of advanced periodontitis in the population was found to be

A)5%.
B)10%.
C)15%.
D)35%.
E)>50%.

Question 15

Plaque indices are used in private practice to measure

A)oral cleanliness.
B)degree of tooth mobility.
C)periodontal destruction.
D)attachment loss.

Question 16

Which of the following statements was summarized from the NHANES III study?

A)Females had better periodontal health than males.
B)Older individuals had more periodontal disease.
C)Gingivitis was occurring in overall high rates.
D)Aggressive periodontitis was very common.

Question 17

The definition of prevalence is

A)the number of individuals in a population having the disease.
B)the severity of periodontal disease involvement.
C)the number of diseased teeth in an individual.
D)the number of markers present.

Question 18

Which of the following is measured using an index of periodontal destruction?

A)Total disease destruction
B)Disease severity
C)Risk factors for disease
D)Degree of calculus and plaque
E)Bleeding severity

Question 19

All of the following indices are used in periodontics except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Bleeding
B)Plaque
C)Calculus
D)Suppuration
E)Gingival inflammation

Question 20

The definition of extent of periodontal disease is

A)amount of periodontal disease involvement.
B)rate of new cases occurring within a year.
C)number of individuals in a population having the disease.
D)number of diseased teeth or sites per individual.
E)number of risk factors present in an individual.

Question 21

Epidemiologic research is used to detect the underlying patterns of a ________.

Question 22

Describe the role of indices in private practice.

Question 23

Discuss how the prevalence of periodontal diseases is determined.

Question 24

Discuss the significance of indices.

Question 25

Define epidemiology.

Question 26

________ is defined as the rate of new cases occurring within a certain period of time.

Question 27

Epidemiologic studies focus on ________ rather than individuals.

Question 28

________ measure disease outcomes and so measure past disease.

Question 29

________ is the proportion or number of individuals in a population having the disease.

Question 30

Define risk factors and risk indicators for periodontal diseases.