Deck 6: The Oral-Systemic Disease Connection

Question 1

There is much concern when a bisphosphonate is taken

A)intramuscularly.
B)orally.
C)topically.
D)intravenously.

Answer 1

topically.

Question 2

Which of the following features is characteristic of bisphosphonates?

A)Osteoblast inhibitor
B)Binds to soft tissue
C)Short half-life
D)Long half-life

Answer 2

Long half-life

Question 3

Which of the following respiratory diseases has been studied in relationship to periodontal diseases?

A)Pneumonia
B)Viral infection
C)Postnasal drip
D)Nasal congestion

Answer 3

Pneumonia

Question 4

Which of the following substances is measured to determine genetic susceptibility to periodontal diseases?

A)Neutrophil
B)Plasma cell
C)Interleukin-1
D)Collagenase
E)Elastase

Question 5

The Parameter of Care (Academy of Periodontology)suggests that the initial therapy for patients with periodontal inflammation should include the elimination, alteration, or control of risk factors because periodontal diseases are infections and may have several associated risk factors.

A)Both statement and reason are correct.
B)Both statement and reason are incorrect.
C)The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D)The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

Question 6

All of the following medications may cause an exaggerated response to plaque except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Phenytoin
B)Nifedipine
C)Cyclosporine
D)Aspirin

Question 7

Which of the following factors may increase the chance of developing respiratory disease in patients with periodontal diseases?

A)Alcohol intake
B)Inadequate plaque control
C)Increased carbohydrate diet
D)Increased fatty diet

Question 8

Which of the following factors is related to periodontal destruction in smokers?

A)Increase in number of periodontal pathogens
B)Decrease in healthy bacteria
C)Reduced vitamin C levels
D)Altered polymorphonuclear leukocyte function

Question 9

For which of the following medical/dental conditions is a bisphosphonate indicated?

A)Multiple myeloma
B)Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C)Stomach ulcers
D)Periodontal abscess

Question 10

Which of the following mechanisms is affected by cigarette smoke, thus increasing the susceptibility to periodontal diseases?

A)Altered PMN function
B)Altered monocyte function
C)Decreased lymphocytes
D)Decreased plasma cells
E)Decreased esosinophils

Question 11

Pregnant women with periodontal disease may have a preterm delivery because of elevated levels of

A)glucose.
B)thyroid hormone.
C)prostaglandin E₂.
D)liver enzymes.
E)sodium and chloride.

Question 12

All of the following are systemic conditions that can cause an increased predisposition to periodontal diseases except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Diabetes mellitus
B)Vitamin A deficiency
C)AIDS
D)Neutropenia
E)Stress

Question 13

All of the following congenital diseases have periodontal manifestations except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Papillon-Lefévre syndrome
B)Chediak-Higashi disease
C)Autism
D)Hypophosphatasia
E)Cyclic neutropenia

Question 14

Which of the following cells are inhibited by bisphosphonates?

A)Osteoblasts
B)Osteoclasts
C)Fibroblasts
D)Neutrophils

Question 15

Which of the following statements explains the reason stress increases the susceptibility to periodontal infections?

A)Increased red blood cells
B)Reduced host immune response
C)Decreased neutrophil chemotaxis
D)Decreased production of steroids

Question 16

Which of the following adverse effects can occur when taking a diuretic?

A)Xerostomia
B)Hepatitis
C)Pancreatitis
D)Osteonecrosis of the jaw

Question 17

Periodontal diseases are possible risk factors for all of the following conditions except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Emphysema
B)Bronchitis
C)Atherosclerosis
D)Hepatitis
E)Diabetes mellitus

Question 18

Which of the following features is prominent in osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ)?

A)Necrotic bone
B)Fistula (sinus tract)
C)Bleeding
D)Edematous gingival

Question 19

Which of the following substances is the major factor in developing respiratory diseases in patients with periodontal disease?

A)Saliva
B)Nicotine
C)Neutrophils
D)Bacteria

Question 20

Which of the following conditions can develop in patients receiving chemotherapy and bisphosphonates for more than 3 years?

A)Bacteremia
B)Osteonecrosis of the jaw
C)Infective endocarditis
D)Kidney failure

Question 21

Why are some periodontal patients more susceptible to develop systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus?

Question 22

Periodontal diseases have been linked with an increased risk for ________ and thromboembolisms.

Question 23

Several medications, such as nifedipine, can cause gingival ________.

Question 24

________ diseases may also be risk (causal)factors for developing diabetes mellitus.

Question 25

Patients with uncontrolled diabetes and periodontal disease have multiple or recurrent periodontal ________.

Question 26

________ women may exhibit an exaggerated gingival response to plaque accumulation.

Question 27

Women with periodontal disease may be more predisposed to deliver ________ infants with low birth weight.

Question 28

Peri-implant refers to ________ the implant.

Question 29

General health affects a patient's ________ to the development of periodontal disease.

Question 30

Tobacco smoking can impair the ________ and phagocytosis of neutrophils.

Question 31

It is now known that ________ susceptibility factors play a role in high-risk periodontal patients.

Question 32

Osteonecrosis of the jaw can occur in patients taking a ________.

Question 33

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)or AIDS are more vulnerable to ________ diseases.

Question 34

________ tobacco leads to cancerous changes in the soft tissue.

Question 35

________ (along with depression, financial problems, and other psychosocial factors)is another systemic risk factor for periodontitis because it may depress the immune response.

Question 36

________ is associated with a reduced ability to cope with infections and with impaired wound healing.