Deck 12: Energy, Power, and Climate Change the Fundamentals of Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

Since a water wheel that turns at a faster rate produces more energy than one that turns at a slow rate, we can say that power and energy are equivalent.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The fuel economy of a car is

A)the distance a car can travel on a given volume of fuel.
B)higher for cars with high horsepower.
C)generally higher for cars that can transport more passengers.
D)lower for smaller cars.
E)equivalent to the horsepower of the car.

Answer 2

the distance a car can travel on a given volume of fuel.

Question 3

What are the two main elements found in all fossil fuels?

A)phosphorus and sulfur
B)oxygen and nitrogen
C)carbon and hydrogen
D)silicon and aluminum
E)carbon and oxygen

Answer 3

carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

Which of the following is a fossil fuel?

A)wood
B)nuclear energy
C)solar energy
D)petroleum

Question 5

Which of the following sources of energy showed the greatest increase from 1900 to 2012?

A)coal
B)solar energy
C)wind energy
D)hydroelectric energy
E)petroleum

Question 6

Which of the following molecules would boil at the lowest temperature?

A)C₈H₁₈
B)C₂H₆
C)C₄H₁₀
D)C₁₆H₃₄
E)C₁₀H₂₂

Question 7

Which one of the following is a unit for power?

A)joule
B)calorie
C)watt
D)meter
E)torr

Question 8

Hydrocarbon molecules are always straight chain molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen.

Question 9

During the 1700s and 1800s, the primary source of energy in the United States was

A)whale fat.
B)wood.
C)natural gas.
D)coal.
E)hydroelectric power.

Question 10

The purpose of an oil refinery is

A)to clean the debris out of crude oil.
B)to separate the oil based on how many carbon atoms are in each component.
C)to convert all the oil into gasoline that can be used in vehicles.
D)to remove sulfur from the oil, which is a contaminant.
E)none of the above

Question 11

In addition to a hydrocarbon, what substance must be present in a combustion reaction?

A)nitrogen
B)carbon dioxide
C)water
D)oxygen
E)all of the above

Question 12

The majority of electrical energy that goes into lighting a light bulb does not produce light energy.Instead it produces

A)nuclear energy.
B)mechanical energy.
C)chemical energy.
D)thermal energy.
E)solar energy.

Question 13

A car's power is usually expressed in which of the following units?

A)joules
B)calories
C)watts
D)horsepower
E)grams

Question 14

When you eat a meal and then go out for a bike ride, this is an example of which of the following types of energy conversion?

A)solar energy being converted to food energy
B)chemical (food)energy being converted into mechanical energy
C)electrical energy being converted to mechanical energy
D)mechanical energy being converted to heat energy
E)heat energy being converted to electrical energy

Question 15

Cars with high fuel economy tend to be more powerful.

Question 16

Which one of the following would stay closest to the bottom of a fractionating column?

A)methane
B)gasoline
C)wax
D)diesel oil
E)kerosene

Question 17

If humans did not use fossil fuels, there would be no greenhouse effect.

Question 18

In a fractionation column, hydrocarbons with the ______ boiling point will move the _________ in the fractionating column.

A)lowest; highest
B)highest; lowest
C)lowest; lowest
D)highest; highest

Question 19

Which of the following molecules would not be considered a hydrocarbon?

A)C₆H₆
B)C₂H₅OH
C)CH₄
D)C₆H₁₄

Question 20

The introduction to Chapter 12 discussed floor tiles at the Simon Langton Grammar School.How is power supplied to the floor tiles at this school in England?

A)Wires under the floor power them.
B)Friction from footfalls on the tiles is converted to electricity.
C)Each tile comes equipped with a small battery
D)The tiles are connected by a special interlocking system.When one tile is disturbed, it transmits small vibrations to all the other tiles, causing them to light up.

Question 21

In a fuel cell, oxygen molecules are converted to

A)hydrogen molecules.
B)oxygen atoms.
C)water molecules.
D)electrons.
E)none of these

Question 22

The earth has been getting noticeably warmer since

A)the 1980s.
B)the 1890s.
C)the 1950s.
D)400,000 years ago.
E)1 million years ago.

Question 23

A half reaction refers to

A)half of a chemical reaction, either the reactants or the products.
B)a reaction that produces half the normal amount of product.
C)either oxidation or reduction in a REDOX reaction.
D)a reaction that is half as fast as a standard reaction.
E)any of the above

Question 24

It is easy to recognize a REDOX reaction because it always has electrons written as part of the reaction.

Question 25

The flow of electrons in a fuel cell produces

A)water.
B)an electric current.
C)light energy.
D)a cathode.
E)none of the above

Question 26

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

A)nitrogen
B)carbon dioxide
C)oxygen
D)helium

Question 27

Electrolysis is not commonly used to create hydrogen because

A)it requires a lot of energy and is very costly.
B)it must be performed at high altitude.
C)it produces very small amounts of hydrogen.
D)the hydrogen that is produced cannot be further oxidized to produce energy.
E)none of the above

Question 28

The CAFE law refers to

A)the 1975 law requiring a doubling of fuel economy.
B)the 1965 law requiring all car owners to have insurance.
C)the law requiring use of non-leaded gas in cars and light trucks.
D)the law requiring installation of coffee and drink holders in all cars.
E)none of the above

Question 29

The products of photosynthesis are:

A)Carbon dioxide and water
B)Glucose and oxygen
C)Methane and other hydrocarbons
D)Water and cellulose
E)None of these

Question 30

Which of the following states receives the most peak sun hours per day?

A)Colorado
B)Florida
C)Alaska
D)Virginia
E)Arizona

Question 31

A photovoltaic cell converts:

A)Chemical bond energy into electrical energy
B)Chemical bond energy into mechanical energy
C)Light energy into electrical energy
D)Chemical bond energy into solar energy
E)Mechanical energy into heat energy

Question 32

What new safety law caused Henry Ford to worry that enforcement of such a law would cause his company to shut down?

A)the law requiring all cars to have roofs
B)the headlight law
C)the safety belt law
D)the law requiring doors to open back to front, as they do today
E)the law requiring an increase in fuel economy

Question 33

In a fuel cell, oxidation occurs at the

A)inlet.
B)anode.
C)cathode.
D)terminus.
E)barrier.