Deck 14: Endocrinology - Endocrine System

Question 1

It was in the middle of winter when the patient came to the doctor's office complaining of depression, weight gain, and problems with sleep.He was told that he had a condition related to hypersecretion of melatonin plus the lack of exposure to sunlight.He was diagnosed with:

A)SAD.
B)DKA.
C)ADA.
D)OGTT.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which endocrine gland is known as the master gland of the body?

A)pituitary gland
B)pineal gland
C)adrenal gland
D)testes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which type of thyroiditis is an immune disorder?

A)Hashimoto's
B)Cushing's
C)Addison's
D)Langerhans

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which condition often contributes to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A)infertility
B)skeletal muscle weakness
C)vision changes
D)obesity

Question 5

Sustained muscle spasms from hypocalcemia are known as:

A)gigantism.
B)synergism.
C)tetany.
D)androgens.

Question 6

In order to see if the prescribed treatment was effective for his patient's diabetes mellitus, the physician ordered a:

A)FSH assay.
B)vanillylmandelic acid test.
C)hemoglobin A1c.
D)radioactive iodine uptake test.

Question 7

Hypoglycemia can cause:

A)elevated blood pressure, flushing of the skin, and increased sensitivity to pain.
B)slow heart rate, dry skin, and constipation.
C)headache, sweating, and shakiness.
D)decreased thirst, urination, and appetite.

Question 8

A neurotransmitter of the sympathetic division of the nervous system that increases the heart rate and blood pressure to fight or run from danger is called:

A)epinephrine.
B)aldosterone.
C)melatonin.
D)prolactin.

Question 9

Insulin is secreted by the ________ cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas.

A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)delta

Question 10

A physical characteristic of Addison's disease is:

A)abnormal fat distribution in the back and face called the buffalo hump and moon face.
B)fatigue, weight loss, bronze skin pigmentation.
C)severe headaches and hypertension.
D)excessive dark hair growth on the forearms in a woman.

Question 11

Which is a dangerous complication associated with diabetes mellitus in which the byproduct of incomplete fat metabolism builds up in the patient's blood?

A)ketoacidosis
B)hyperaldosteronism
C)myxedema
D)hyperglycemia

Question 12

Which of these is a laboratory test that is done to diagnose diabetes insipidus?

A)glucose tolerance test
B)ADH stimulation test
C)FSH and LH assays
D)glycosylated hemoglobin

Question 13

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas?

A)glucose
B)glucagon
C)glucocorticoids
D)glycogen

Question 14

An increased level of cortisol would be found in patients with:

A)Addison's disease.
B)Graves' disease.
C)Hashimoto's disease.
D)Cushing's syndrome.

Question 15

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus would be treated with:

A)Humulin R.
B)glyburide (DiaBeta).
C)rosiglitazone (Avandia).
D)all of the above.

Question 16

A lab test for a patient showed a low calcium level in the blood.The physician would consider doing further testing on which endocrine gland to evaluate the cause of this?

A)thymus
B)parathyroid
C)adrenal medulla
D)pineal

Question 17

An abnormally increased or decreased level of FSH in the blood points to improper functioning of the:

A)adrenal medulla.
B)pineal gland.
C)thyroid gland.
D)anterior pituitary gland.

Question 18

Which symptom is common to diabetes mellitus as well as diabetes insipidus?

A)polyphagia
B)glycosuria
C)hyperglycemia
D)polydipsia

Question 19

Which is a treatment option for hyperthyroidism?

A)thymectomy
B)vanillylmandelic acid
C)radioactive sodium iodide 131 (I-131)
D)a thyroid supplement drug

Question 20

Thyromegaly is also known as:

A)goiter.
B)dwarfism.
C)virilism.
D)precocious puberty.

Question 21

Which gland is also called the neurohypophysis?

A)thyroid gland
B)parathyroid gland
C)posterior pituitary gland
D)anterior pituitary gland

Question 22

Hypersecretion of the growth hormone during adulthood causes:

A)gigantism.
B)Cushing's syndrome.
C)myxedema.
D)acromegaly.

Question 23

The suffix -physis means:

A)state of growing.
B)abnormal condition.
C)deficient.
D)gland.

Question 24

The combining form aden/o- means:

A)kidney.
B)gland.
C)adrenal gland.
D)having an affinity for, stimulating.

Question 25

An endemic goiter is related to a deficiency of:

A)calcium.
B)sodium chloride.
C)potassium.
D)iodine.

Question 26

Severe hypothyroidism in adults is known as:

A)acromegaly.
B)Graves' disease.
C)myxedema.
D)Cushing's syndrome.

Question 27

The abbreviation NIDDM means the same as:

A)type 2 diabetes mellitus.
B)non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
C)adult-onset diabetes mellitus.
D)all of the above.

Question 28

Which of the following pairs of words has the same meaning?

A)polydipsia, polyuria
B)synergism, antagonism
C)adenomatous goiter, nodular goiter
D)insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, diabetes type 2

Question 29

Hyposecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex is known as:

A)Addison's disease.
B)infertility.
C)Graves' disease.
D)gynecomastia.

Question 30

Cushing's syndrome is due to:

A)hyposecretion of cortisol from the adrenal medulla.
B)hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal medulla.
C)hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex.
D)hyposecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex.

Question 31

Which type of drug can be used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A)a growth hormone drug
B)insulin
C)an antithyroid drug
D)a corticosteroid drug

Question 32

The abbreviation GH means:

A)glycohemoglobin.
B)gestational hyperglycemia.
C)gonadotropins.
D)growth hormone.

Question 33

All of the following symptoms are related to Cushing's syndrome except:

A)muscle wasting and skin ulcers with poor wound healing.
B)development of the breasts and menstruation in a child.
C)osteoporosis, buffalo hump, and moon face.
D)reddened cheeks, obese abdomen, and thin extremities.

Question 34

The best definition of the medical word parathyroid is:

A)abnormal thyroid.
B)above the thyroid.
C)two parts of a pair on the thyroid.
D)disease of the thyroid.

Question 35

Which blood test is performed to measure the level of glucose after the patient has not eaten for at least 12 hours?

A)fasting blood sugar
B)cortisol level
C)glucose tolerance test
D)glucose self-testing

Question 36

Chronic and progressive enlargement of the thyroid gland is known as:

A)hypergonadism.
B)euthyroid.
C)goiter.
D)T₃ and T₄.

Question 37

The process by which two hormones exert opposite effects is known as:

A)euthyroidism.
B)inhibition.
C)synergism.
D)antagonism.

Question 38

Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone results in:

A)hypoglycemia.
B)diabetes insipidus.
C)diabetes mellitus.
D)panhypopituitarism.

Question 39

The pineal gland secretes ________, which maintains the body's internal clock, the 24-hour wake-sleep cycle, and regulates the onset and duration of sleep.

A)oxytocin
B)calcitonin
C)melatonin
D)cortisol

Question 40

A pregnant woman may be given the hormone ________ as a drug to stimulate her uterus to contract and begin labor.

A)somatostatin
B)prolactin
C)oxytocin
D)progesterone

Question 41

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty results in:

A)acromegaly.
B)dwarfism.
C)gigantism.
D)diabetes insipidus.

Question 42

The parathyroid glands secrete a hormone that regulates the level of what substance in the blood?

A)calcium
B)insulin
C)melanin
D)melatonin

Question 43

Which of the following is not true regarding the endocrine system?

A)All of the glands of the endocrine system are influenced by the pituitary gland.
B)Endocrine glands secrete substances called hormones.
C)Endocrine glands secrete their hormones directly into the blood.
D)Endocrine hormones regulate specific body functions.

Question 44

The testes produce sperm when stimulated by FSH, which is secreted by what gland?

A)posterior pituitary gland
B)hypothalamus
C)androgens
D)anterior pituitary gland

Question 45

What is the most abundant and biologically active female sex hormone?

A)progesterone
B)estradiol
C)ovaries
D)testosterone

Question 46

The hormone that regulates electrolyte (sodium and potassium)balance is:

A)aldosterone.
B)glucagon.
C)androgens.
D)epinephrine.

Question 47

Another name for the anterior pituitary gland is:

A)hypothalamus.
B)thalamus.
C)adenohypophysis.
D)thymus.

Question 48

The pituitary gland has two main parts, the adenohypophysis and the:

A)posterior pituitary gland.
B)anterior pituitary gland.
C)thymus.
D)thyroid.

Question 49

Which word is used to describe sustained muscle spasms due to hypocalcemia?

A)circadian
B)tetany
C)ergyism
D)receptor

Question 50

Which of the following endocrine glands contains structures known as the islets of Langerhans?

A)thymus gland
B)hypothalamus
C)pituitary gland
D)pancreas

Question 51

Which gland secretes a hormone that stimulates the ovaries to develop follicles?

A)hypothalamus
B)pituitary gland
C)pineal body
D)thyroid gland

Question 52

The action of two hormones working together to accomplish the same result is called:

A)synergism.
B)antagonism.
C)stimulation.
D)inhibition.

Question 53

Glycosuria means that there is ________ in the urine.

A)hormone
B)calcium
C)glycogen
D)sugar

Question 54

The hyposecretion of oxytocin causes:

A)uterine inertia.
B)goiter.
C)precocious puberty.
D)Graves' disease.

Question 55

The most common form of hyperthyroidism is:

A)diabetes.
B)Graves' disease.
C)SAD.
D)goiter.

Question 56

Which type of diabetes begins in childhood or adolescence?

A)adult-onset
B)type 1
C)non-insulin-dependent
D)type 2

Question 57

The form that sugar takes when it is stored in the liver and the skeletal muscles is called:

A)glucose.
B)insulin.
C)estradiol.
D)glycogen.

Question 58

Together FSH and LH are known as:

A)pineal bodies.
B)gonadotropins.
C)lobes.
D)endocrine glands.

Question 59

An excessively high level of calcium in the blood is known as:

A)hypocalcemia.
B)hypokalemia.
C)hyperbilirubinemia.
D)hypercalcemia.

Question 60

As part of the endocrine system, the pancreas secretes three hormones directly into the blood.They are:

A)glucagon, insulin, and FSH.
B)FSH, LH, and insulin.
C)glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin.
D)somatostatin, glycogen, and aldosterone.

Question 61

Which of these abbreviations is associated with diabetes?

A)SIADH
B)IDDM
C)SAD
D)TSH

Question 62

NPH refers to a/an:

A)organ.
B)disease.
C)drug.
D)hormone.

Question 63

An excessive amount of growth hormone after puberty results in:

A)hyperthyroidism.
B)stunted growth.
C)acromegaly.
D)diabetic complications.

Question 64

A benign tumor of an endocrine gland is known as a/an:

A)carcinoma.
B)gynecomastia.
C)diabetes mellitus.
D)adenoma.

Question 65

Which type of diabetes occurs only during pregnancy?

A)insipidus
B)type 1
C)type 2
D)gestational

Question 66

The thyroid gland:

A)regulates cell metabolism.
B)regulates potassium levels in the blood.
C)stimulates the uterus to contract during labor.
D)secretes insulin.

Question 67

Which is a surgical procedure that removes the thyroid gland?

A)transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
B)thymectomy
C)thyroidectomy
D)parathyroidectomy

Question 68

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is:

A)also known as adult-onset diabetes.
B)treated with weight loss, exercise, and diet.
C)treated with oral antidiabetic drugs.
D)all of the above.

Question 69

The combining form pituit/o- and ________ both mean pituitary gland.

A)adren/o-
B)hypophys/o-
C)andr/o-
D)glandul/o-

Question 70

A transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is a surgical procedure to remove an adenoma from the:

A)thyroid gland.
B)adrenal gland.
C)pituitary gland.
D)thymus.

Question 71

A lobectomy is a surgical procedure performed on the:

A)ovary.
B)pineal gland.
C)thyroid gland.
D)pancreas.

Question 72

A blood glucose monitor is an important tool for use in which endocrine disease?

A)acromegaly
B)diabetes mellitus
C)precocious puberty
D)infertility

Question 73

Infertility may be caused by a hormonal imbalance involving:

A)FSH and LH.
B)TFTs.
C)GTT.
D)NPH.

Question 74

A congenital lack of thyroid hormone from birth is known as:

A)Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
B)Graves' disease.
C)thyroid cancer.
D)cretinism.

Question 75

ADA refers to a diet that would be prescribed for a patient with:

A)adrenogenital syndrome.
B)diabetes mellitus.
C)thyroid disease.
D)precocious puberty.

Question 76

All of the following tests are done on patients with diabetes mellitus except:

A)fasting blood sugar (FBS).
B)blood level of growth hormone.
C)glucose tolerance test.
D)hemoglobin A1c.

Question 77

Exophthalmos is associated with:

A)diabetes mellitus.
B)diabetes insipidus.
C)Graves' disease.
D)gigantism.

Question 78

Too little ADH from the posterior pituitary gland causes:

A)gigantism.
B)diabetes insipidus.
C)thyroid cancer.
D)hyperglycemia.

Question 79

Which is a rapid urine test that measures glucose, ketones, and other substances in the urine?

A)urine dipstick
B)RAIU
C)fine needle biopsy
D)VMA

Question 80

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the thyroid hormones T₃ and T₄?

A)TSH
B)FSH
C)LH
D)aldosterone