Deck 19: The Digestive System

Question 1

The layer of the GI tract wall containing networks of enteric neurons that control the secretory activity of the GI tract is called the

A)mucosal epithelium
B)submucosa
C)muscularis mucosa
D)serosa
E)lamina propria

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The hormone secreted by intestinal glands that inhibits gastric emptying is

A)ghrelin
B)gastrin
C)secretin
D)cholecystokinin
E)enterokinase

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Teeth are primarily composed of a bone-like substance called

A)cartilage
B)enamel
C)cementum
D)gingivae
E)dentin

Answer 3

E

Question 4

When empty, the mucosa of the stomach contains large folds called

A)gastric pits
B)gastric glands
C)rugae
D)peritoneum
E)plicae

Question 5

The digestion of proteins into peptides starts in the

A)oral cavity
B)esophagus
C)stomach
D)duodenum
E)ileum

Question 6

Which of the following structures associated with the tongue contains the taste buds?

A)papillae
B)uvula
C)lingual tonsils
D)lingual lipase
E)lingual frenulum

Question 7

The layer of the GI tract wall containing a large number of blood and lymphatic vessels that receive absorbed food molecules is called the

A)muscularis mucosa
B)mucosa
C)submucosa
D)serosa
E)muscularis

Question 8

Salivary amylase is an enzyme secreted into the oral cavity to start the digestion of

A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)lipids
D)amino acids
E)nucleic acids

Question 9

The dentin of the root of a tooth is covered by bonelike substance called

A)pulp
B)enamel
C)cementum
D)gingivae
E)the periodontal membrane

Question 10

Pepsinogen is produced by the

A)hepatic cells in the liver.
B)chief cells of the stomach.
C)parietal cells of the stomach.
D)acini of the pancreas.
E)enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum.

Question 11

Chyme is released from the stomach into the

A)duodenum
B)esophagus
C)jejunum
D)ileum
E)cecum

Question 12

Which of the following organs is NOT an accessory structure of the digestive system?

A)liver
B)gallbladder
C)pancreas
D)spleen
E)teeth

Question 13

The greater omentum is part of the

A)mucosa
B)pleural membranes
C)mesentery
D)peritoneum
E)large intestine

Question 14

All of the following are regions of the stomach EXCEPT the

A)cardia
B)duodenum
C)fundus
D)body
E)pylorus

Question 15

All of the following organs are part of the gastrointestinal tract except the

A)stomach
B)gallbladder
C)esophagus
D)small intestine
E)pharynx

Question 16

The ability of the GI tract to mix and move material along its length is called

A)digestion
B)ingestion
C)absorption
D)motility
E)excitability

Question 17

The projection hanging from the soft palate that helps prevent food and fluid from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing is the

A)papilla
B)uvula
C)lingual frenulum
D)fauces
E)lingual tonsil

Question 18

Chisel-shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting into food are called

A)incisors
B)cuspids
C)premolars
D)molars
E)none of the choices is correct

Question 19

The tongue is primarily composed of

A)smooth muscle
B)skeletal muscle
C)loose connective tissue
D)glandular tissue
E)none of the choices is correct

Question 20

Which of the following substances can be absorbed in the stomach?

A)amino acids
B)nucleic acids
C)glucose
D)triglycerides
E)alcohol

Question 21

The final portion of the small intestine, which is mostly found in the lower right quadrant, is called the

A)ileum
B)duodenum
C)cecum
D)jejunum
E)colon

Question 22

Which of the following digestion products are absorbed into the lacteals found within the villi?

A)monosaccharides
B)amino acids
C)tripeptides
D)nucleic acids
E)chylomicrons

Question 23

All of the following are digestive enzymes found in pancreatic juice EXCEPT

A)pepsin
B)trypsin
C)chymotrypsin
D)ribonuclease
E)lipase

Question 24

Which of the following organs does not release substances into the duodenum?

A)stomach
B)spleen
C)gall bladder
D)pancreas
E)liver

Question 25

The portion of the large intestine just before the rectum is the

A)anus
B)cecum
C)ascending colon
D)transverse colon
E)sigmoid colon

Question 26

In adult humans, all of the following are functions of the liver EXCEPT

A)red blood cell production.
B)storage of vitamins.
C)synthesis of bile salts.
D)excretion of bilirubin.
E)activation of vitamin D.

Question 27

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A)stimulates the gall bladder to contract.
B)is released in response to lipids entering the duodenum.
C)stimulates the release of pancreatic juice.
D)slows the movement of chyme into the duodenum.
E)stimulates all of these effects.

Question 28

The pancreatic duct transports pancreatic juice from the pancreas into the

A)stomach
B)liver
C)duodenum
D)jejunum
E)cecum

Question 29

The intestinal hormone that induces a feeling of satiety (full to satisfaction)is

A)cholecystokinin
B)secretin
C)pepsin
D)gastrin
E)GIP

Question 30

Most substances absorbed into the blood in the small intestine are carried to the liver by the

A)hepatic artery
B)hepatic vein
C)hepatic portal vein
D)common hepatic duct
E)central vein

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a protein-digesting enzyme?

A)trypsin
B)chymotrypsin
C)carboxypeptidase
D)amylase
E)pepsin

Question 32

The appendix is attached to the

A)cecum
B)ileum
C)ascending colon
D)descending colon
E)rectum

Question 33

The G cells of the gastric glands of the stomach secrete

A)pepsinogen
B)ghrelin
C)HCl
D)gastrin
E)cholecystokinin

Question 34

The first portion of the large intestine is called the

A)ascending colon
B)cecum
C)transverse colon
D)rectum
E)sigmoid colon

Question 35

The large intestine absorbs

A)water
B)sodium
C)chloride
D)vitamins
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 36

Absorption of digested nutrients and water in the small intestine occurs by

A)diffusion
B)osmosis
C)facilitated diffusion
D)active transport
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 37

Bile is produced by

A)lymphocytes
B)Kupffer's cells
C)parietal cells
D)hepatocytes
E)chief cells

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT an enzyme used to digest carbohydrates?

A)pancreatic amylase
B)salivary amylase
C)maltase
D)enterokinase
E)lactase

Question 39

The major events of chemical digestion and absorption of foods occur in the

A)oral cavity
B)esophagus
C)stomach
D)small intestine
E)large intestine

Question 40

The exocrine portion of the pancreas

A)consists of acini.
B)secretes several different enzymes to digest nutrient molecules in food.
C)secretes bicarbonate that helps neutralize gastric acid in the chyme.
D)connects to the GI tract by the pancreatic duct.
E)all of the choices are correct.

Question 41

The submandibular glands lie anterior to the sublingual glands.

Question 42

Sympathetic stimulation results in dryness of the mouth.

Question 43

All of the following are characteristics of saliva EXCEPT

A)composed of 99.5% water.
B)contains an enzyme that initiates chemical digestion of starches.
C)contains mucus that helps lubricate food for swallowing.
D)contains an enzyme that kills bacteria.
E)secreted by endocrine glands found along the lingual frenulum.

Question 44

The inner lining of the GI tract is a mucous membrane.

Question 45

The tongue is considered to be part of the alimentary canal.

Question 46

Which of the following is not likely to cause of "emotional eating"?

A)unpleasant feelings like boredom
B)the possibility that carbohydrates raise serotonin levels
C)poor self-esteem
D)increased physical activity
E)stress

Question 47

The small intestinal enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of milk sugar into a glucose and galactose is called

A)sucrase
B)maltase
C)amylase
D)lactase
E)ribonuclease

Question 48

The lingual tonsil lies at the base of the tongue.

Question 49

The sight, smell or thought of food activates the _____ phase of digestion.

A)intestinal
B)gastric
C)liver
D)cephalic
E)pancreatic

Question 50

Most of the nutrients have been absorbed from the chyme by the time it reaches the

A)cardiac region of stomach
B)duodenum
C)jejunum
D)ascending colon
E)pyloric region of stomach

Question 51

Storage of glycogen, vitamins (A, D, E, K), and minerals (iron and copper), along with detoxification of chemicals like ammonia, are functions of the

A)colon
B)pancreas
C)liver
D)stomach
E)spleen

Question 52

The greater omentum contains many lymph nodes that supply macrophages and plasma cells for fighting GI tract infections.

Question 53

Which of the following occur during the intestinal phase of digestion?

A)Cholecystokinin inhibits gastric emptying.
B)Secretin stimulates the flow of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate.
C)Gastrin stimulates increases in the release of gastric juice.
D)More than one of these events occurs.
E)None of these events occur.

Question 54

Which of the following statements best explains the reason why pepsin does not digest the proteins found in the stomach's own cells?

A)Pepsin can only recognize and digest proteins in food.
B)Pepsin is released in an inactive form that is then activated by HCl in the stomach lumen.
C)Pepsin is released in an inactive form that is then activated by enterokinsase in the stomach lumen.
D)Pepsin digests starches not proteins.
E)Pepsin is not active until it reaches the alkaline pH conditions of the small intestine.

Question 55

Which of the following paths are followed by nutrient-rich blood entering the liver through the hepatic portal vein?

A)hepatic portal vein - hepatic sinusoid - bile canaliculus - central vein - hepatic vein
B)hepatic portal vein - hepatic sinusoid - central vein - hepatic vein
C)hepatic portal vein - hepatic artery - hepatic sinusoid - central vein - hepatic vein
D)hepatic portal vein - bile canaliculus - central vein - hepatic vein
E)hepatic portal vein - central vein - hepatic sinusoid - hepatic vein

Question 56

The form of the hepatitis that is commonly referred to as "infectious hepatitis" is

A)hepatitis A
B)hepatitis B
C)hepatitis C
D)hepatitis D
E)hepatitis E

Question 57

Which of the following lists the correct order of movement of digestive material through the large intestine?

A)cecum, descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
B)cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
C)cecum, transverse colon, descending colon, ascending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
D)sigmoid colon, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, cecum, rectum
E)transverse colon, ascending colon, sigmoid colon, descending colon, cecum, rectum

Question 58

The portion of peritoneum that anchors the small intestines to the posterior abdominal wall is called the

A)greater omentum
B)mesentery
C)lesser omentum
D)pleura
E)pyloric sphincter

Question 59

Salivary amylase starts the breakdown of proteins in the mouth.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a common digestive system change associated with aging?

A)loss of taste
B)increased incidence of duodenal ulcers
C)increased incidence of constipation
D)increased digestive and absorptive capacity of the small intestine
E)increased incidence of periodontal disease

Question 61

Parasympathetic stimulation inhibits saliva secretion into the oral cavity.

Question 62

Insoluble fiber and soluble fiber have opposite effects on intestinal motility but both reduce the risk of developing serious digestive disorders.

Question 63

The esophagus lies posterior to the trachea.

Question 64

The muscularis of the stomach consists of three layers.

Question 65

Dental caries and periodontal disease are essentially the same thing.

Question 66

Food has emotional, social and psychological functions as well as its nutritional value.

Question 67

The uvula prevents the entry of food and fluid into the nasal cavity during swallowing.

Question 68

The liver is the largest organ of the body.

Question 69

The gallbladder produces bile.

Question 70

Most digested nutrients are absorbed into blood capillaries in the small intestine except fats, which are packaged into chylomicrons and absorbed into the lymphatic system.

Question 71

The pyloric sphincter prevents food and acid from moving into the duodenum too quickly.

Question 72

Both hormones and nerve impulses are used to control the phases of digestion.

Question 73

The presence of chyme in the duodenum slows gastric emptying.

Question 74

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)results from failure of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)to close completely after a meal.

Question 75

An individual with a "beer belly" likely has large fat deposits in the greater omentum.

Question 76

Many things can stimulate nausea including local irritation of the GI tract, overexertion, and various drugs or medications.

Question 77

Aging tends to cause a decrease or loss of many digestive functions.

Question 78

Chief cells are found in the large intestine.

Question 79

Teeth containing three or more blunt cusps used to crush and grind food are called premolars.

Question 80

The mucosal layer of the large intestine is lined with millions of fingerlike projections called villi.