Deck 17: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

Which of the following lymphatic tissues is NOT surrounded by a connective tissue capsule?

A)spleen
B)lymphatic nodules
C)lymph nodes
D)all of the choices are correct
E)none of the choices is correct

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following lymphatic tissues is the site of T-cell maturation and selection?

A)liver
B)spleen
C)tonsils
D)thymus gland
E)lymph nodes

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is considered a chemical factor in the first line of innate defenses?

A)flow of urine
B)mucous membrane
C)transferrins
D)interferons
E)gastric juice

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Tissue edema can result from

A)an infected lymph node.
B)blockage of a lymphatic vessel.
C)increased capillary blood pressure.
D)an infected lymph node or blockage of a lymphatic vessel.
E)an infected lymph node, blockage of a lymphatic vessel or increased capillary blood pressure.

Question 5

Afferent lymphatic vessels carry lymph into the

A)tonsils
B)spleen
C)lymphatic nodules
D)lymph nodes
E)thymus gland

Question 6

After a splenectomy, the normal functions of the spleen are carried out by

A)the thymus gland
B)lymph nodes
C)the liver
D)red bone marrow
E)the liver and red bone marrow

Question 7

Hemopoiesis during fetal life occurs in the

A)pancreas
B)red pulp of the spleen
C)thymus gland
D)lymph nodes
E)white pulp of the spleen

Question 8

Lymph nodes are

A)bean-shaped organs.
B)located along lymphatic vessels.
C)used to filter foreign substances out of the lymph.
D)scattered throughout the body.
E)all of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following lymphatic structures are associated with the spleen?

A)efferent lymphatic vessels
B)afferent lymphatic vessels
C)aggregated lymphatic follicles
D)red pulp
E)red bone marrow

Question 10

Which of the following blood cells are capable of producing antibodies?

A)T-lymphocytes
B)B-lymphocytes
C)monocytes
D)phagocytes
E)erythrocytes

Question 11

Lymphatic tissue contains a large number of lymphocytes distributed in a specialized form of

A)loose connective tissue
B)reticular connective tissue
C)elastic connective tissue
D)epithelial tissue
E)glandular tissue

Question 12

All the following vitamins are transported from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood by the lymphatic system EXCEPT

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin E
E)vitamin K

Question 13

Which of the following is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue found in the human body?

A)tonsils
B)spleen
C)lymph nodes
D)bone marrow
E)lymphatic nodule

Question 14

Common functions of the lymphatic system include

A)transportation of lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood.
B)return of filtered plasma proteins to the cardiovascular system.
C)return of excess interstitial fluid to the cardiovascular system.
D)carrying out immune responses.
E)all of the choices are correct.

Question 15

All of the following are components of the second line of innate defenses EXCEPT

A)phagocytes
B)cytotoxic T cells
C)antimicrobial proteins
D)inflammation
E)fever

Question 16

The thoracic duct

A)receives lymph from the left side of the head.
B)receives lymph from the upper right side of the body.
C)empties lymph into the right subclavian vein.
D)receives lymph from the upper right side of the body and empties lymph into the right subclavian vein.
E)receives lymph from the left side of the head and empties lymph into the right subclavian vein.

Question 17

Worn-out and damaged red blood cells are destroyed in the

A)thymus gland
B)tonsils
C)spleen
D)lymph nodes
E)lymphatic vessels

Question 18

All of the following are important components of the lymphatic system EXCEPT

A)lymph.
B)lymphatic vessels
C)red bone marrow
D)yellow bone marrow
E)lymph nodules

Question 19

Which of the following statements about large lymphatic vessels is TRUE?

A)closely resemble arteries
B)closely resemble arterioles
C)closely resemble veins
D)have less valves than veins
E)more than one of the statements are correct

Question 20

The first line of innate defenses against pathogens is

A)phagocytosis
B)production of antibodies
C)inflammation
D)intact skin and mucous membranes
E)complement

Question 21

The spleen is unique among the lymphatic organs because it stores

A)T cells
B)B cells
C)platelets
D)antibodies
E)memory cells

Question 22

All of the following are signs or symptoms of inflammation EXCEPT

A)pain
B)redness
C)numbness
D)swelling
E)heat

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT being used as treatment of HIV infection?

A)protease inhibitors
B)reverse transcriptase inhibitors
C)a combination of protease inhibitors and reverse transcriptase inhibitors called HAART
D)delayed hypersensitivity shots that help the body's immune system fight the virus
E)combinations of multiple reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 24

Which of the following statements describe benefits of inflammation at a site of infection?

A)increased number of phagocytes in the infected area
B)walls off the infection to prevent it from spreading
C)increased temperature in infected area
D)increased blood flow to the infected area helping to remove dead cells and toxins
E)all of the choices are benefits of inflammation

Question 25

The cells that are most important in preventing a disease from recurring are

A)memory T cells
B)helper T cells
C)plasma cells
D)suppressor T cells
E)natural killer cells

Question 26

Complement proteins are

A)found in blood plasma.
B)present in infected cells.
C)produced by T cells.
D)a specific type of interferon.
E)produced by B-lymphocytes.

Question 27

A cell infected by a virus will produce _____ that signal neighboring cells to increase production of proteins which interfere with viral replication.

A)antibodies
B)immunoglobulins
C)prostaglandins
D)interferons
E)interleukins

Question 28

Mother's milk will provide the infant with

A)naturally acquired active immunity.
B)naturally acquired passive immunity.
C)artificially acquired active immunity.
D)artificially acquired passive immunity.
E)lifelong immunity.

Question 29

Which of the following can act as an antigen?

A)bacteria
B)viruses
C)pollen
D)food
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 30

One important function of lymph nodes is to

A)filter the blood.
B)program T cells to recognize antigens.
C)filter foreign substances out of the lymph.
D)pump lymph through the vessels back to the heart.
E)remove old red blood cells from circulation.

Question 31

Which of the following organs does NOT contain fixed macrophages?

A)lungs
B)brain
C)liver
D)spleen
E)all of these organs contain fixed macrophages

Question 32

Macrophages develop from circulating blood cells called

A)lymphocytes
B)monocytes
C)neutrophils
D)basophils
E)eosinophils

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of naturally acquired passive immunity?

A)Mother passes antibodies on to her baby through her breast milk.
B)A patient is treated with a rabies serum.
C)A patient is inoculated with the polio vaccine.
D)Your cousin exposed you to a nasty cold virus just before spring break.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 34

In cell-mediated immunity, infected host cells are directly attacked by

A)helper T cells
B)macrophages
C)antibodies
D)cytotoxic T cells
E)B cells

Question 35

A plasma cell

A)secretes antibodies.
B)circulates as a T cell until it is exposed to its specific antigen.
C)circulates as a B cell until it is exposed to its specific antigen.
D)secretes antibodies and circulates as a T cell until it is exposed to its specific antigen.
E)secretes antibodies and circulates as a B cell until it is exposed to its specific antigen.

Question 36

The initial response to HIV infection is a modest decline in the number of circulating

A)monocytes
B)B lymphocytes
C)cytotoxic T cells
D)memory T cells
E)helper T cells

Question 37

The main class of antibody that is secreted by plasma cells immediately after the initial exposure to any antigen is

A)IgA
B)IgG
C)IgE
D)IgD
E)IgM

Question 38

Vaccination is an example of

A)naturally acquired active immunity.
B)naturally acquired passive immunity.
C)artificially acquired active immunity.
D)artificially acquired passive immunity.
E)none of the choices is correct.

Question 39

The T cells received their name because they

A)are made in the thyroid gland.
B)are produced under the influence of testosterone.
C)are controlled by the thalamus.
D)mature in the thymus gland.
E)appear in the plasma after S cells.

Question 40

Which of the following types of cells release a costimulator needed for the conversion of B cells into antibody-producing plasma cells?

A)suppressor T cells
B)cytotoxic T cells
C)helper T cells
D)natural killer cells
E)delayed hypersensitivity cells

Question 41

Cytotoxic T cells destroy target cells on contact by releasing a variety of cytotoxic proteins.

Question 42

Edema is an accumulation of blood in tissue spaces.

Question 43

Macrophages that remain in certain tissues and organs of the body are called fixed macrophages.

Question 44

Immunity is the ability to use our body's defenses to ward off disease.

Question 45

Only pathogenic microbes are considered antigens in the human body.

Question 46

Which of the following conditions would lead to the fastest rate of lymph circulation?

A)hypotension
B)increased cardiac output
C)dehydration
D)increased physical activity
E)elevating your feet above the heart

Question 47

Which of the following is a characteristic of innate immunity but not adaptive immunity?

A)involves specific recognition of pathogens
B)adapts to handle a specific pathogen
C)acts against all types of pathogens in the same way
D)slow to respond but has a memory component
E)involves lymphocytes

Question 48

Lymph is initially collected from the tissues by the

A)lymphatic nodules
B)lymph nodes
C)tonsils
D)lymphatic capillaries
E)afferent lymphatic vessels

Question 49

All of the following are effects of the complement system EXCEPT

A)creating holes in the membrane of microbial pathogens.
B)cytolysis of the microbe.
C)decreased availability of iron to microbe.
D)chemotaxis.
E)opsonization.

Question 50

A transplant between genetically different individuals of the same species is called a/an

A)graft
B)allograft
C)autograft
D)zenograft
E)none of the choices is correct

Question 51

The Epstein-Barr virus causes

A)delayed hypersensitivity reactions
B)AIDS
C)leukemia
D)infectious mononucleosis
E)systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 52

Body cells infected with viruses produce proteins called interferons.

Question 53

When fluid bathes the cells, it is called interstitial fluid. When that same fluid enters lymphatic vessels, it is called lymph.

Question 54

Before cytotoxic T cells attack infected cells, they must specifically recognize an antigen on the surface of the infected cell.

Question 55

Which of the following types of cells destroy infected host cells by releasing granzymes that induce apoptosis?

A)plasma cells
B)memory T cells
C)cytotoxic T cells
D)B cells
E)memory B cells

Question 56

With advancing age, people become more susceptible to infections and malignancies because

A)T cells are less responsive to antigens.
B)fewer T cells are present.
C)the thymus gland atrophies.
D)B cells are less responsive.
E)all of the choices are correct.

Question 57

An abscess results from excessive accumulation of pus in a confined space.

Question 58

Phagocytosis is the ingestion of microbes or other particles like cell debris by phagocytes.

Question 59

Anaphylactic shock results from vasodilation of blood vessels, along with fluid loss from the blood, triggered by

A)a type I allergic reaction.
B)a type II allergic reaction.
C)a type III allergic reaction.
D)a type IV allergic reaction.
E)Hodgkin disease.

Question 60

The thymus gland is a primary lymphatic organ located in the thoracic cavity.

Question 61

Increased capillary permeability and vasodilation at a site of inflammation is stimulated by release of histamine from mast cells, basophils, and platelets.

Question 62

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)is basically the end stage of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Question 63

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells are all capable of presenting antigens to other immune cells.

Question 64

List the main components of the physical barriers used as the first line of defense against disease-causing microorganisms.

Question 65

The main difference between antibody-mediated immunity and cell-mediated immunity is that the former requires a costimulator like IL-2 but the latter does not.

Question 66

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions occur 12 to 72 hours after exposure to the allergen.

Question 67

It has been shown that mosquitoes can transmit the HIV virus.

Question 68

The tonsils are five large clusters of lymphatic nodules that form a ring at the junction of the oral cavity, nasal cavity, and throat.

Question 69

In the war against pathogens, T cells may be considered the warriors or foot soldiers because they travel to the tissues to destroy the enemy, while the B cells use chemical warfare and are able to stay safely behind in the lymphatic tissue and send antibodies out to do the dirty work.

Question 70

The fluid that filters out of the capillaries into the spaces between the cells in tissues is returned to the blood by a combination of transport in the lymphatic system and reabsorption on the venous end of the capillary network.

Question 71

The complement system consists of a group of plasma proteins that help destroy pathogens by creating holes in the plasma membrane of the microbe.

Question 72

Most antibodies consist of six polypeptide chains including two chains with variable regions and four chains with antigen-binding sites.

Question 73

Most of the lymphocytes that migrate to the thymus gland from the red bone marrow are destroyed by apoptosis before they even reach maturity.

Question 74

Memory T cells produce antibodies.

Question 75

For transplant patients, histocompatibility deals with the similarity in MHC antigens between the organ donor and the organ recipient.

Question 76

List the primary functions of the lymphatic system.

Question 77

After a T cell is activated, it enlarges and produces a population of identical cells called a clone.

Question 78

Monoclonal antibodies are useful diagnostic tools because they only recognize a single antigen.

Question 79

Vaccines are effective at preventing future infections by a specific pathogen because they stimulate innate immune defenses making it difficult for the pathogen to re-enter the body.

Question 80

Fat-soluble vitamins are transported from their site of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract to the bloodstream using the lymphatic system.