Deck 13: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Which of the following hormones is released by an endocrine gland in response to direct stimulation by the nervous system?

A)epinephrine
B)cortisol
C)testosterone
D)insulin
E)glucagon

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following pituitary hormones controls the production and release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

A)ADH
B)ACTH
C)GH
D)FSH
E)LH

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk-like structure called the

A)epithalamus
B)infundibulum
C)hypophyseal portal system
D)intermediate mass
E)hypophyseal fossa

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Hormones that bind to receptors inside of target cells are usually

A)lipid soluble
B)water soluble
C)second messengers
D)active hormones
E)inactive hormones

Question 5

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)are released from liver, skeletal muscle, bones, cartilage and other tissues in response to

A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)growth hormone
D)luteinizing hormone
E)all anterior pituitary hormones

Question 6

A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that causes darkening of the skin is

A)MSH
B)FSH
C)GH
D)LH
E)ADH

Question 7

Which of the following hormones are synthesized in the cell bodies of neurosecretory cells found in the hypothalamus?

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)calcitonin
C)insulin
D)growth hormone
E)adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 8

An example of a hormone that under certain circumstances is regulated by positive feedback is

A)calcitonin
B)parathyroid hormone
C)oxytocin
D)glucagon
E)insulin

Question 9

All of the following are hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland EXCEPT

A)growth hormone
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)adrenocorticotropic hormone
D)prolactin
E)oxytocin

Question 10

Which of the following is a common second messenger used in signaling pathways activated by water-soluble hormones?

A)NO
B)ATP
C)cAMP
D)PTH
E)acetyl CoA

Question 11

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are secreted from the

A)posterior pituitary gland
B)anterior pituitary gland
C)thyroid gland
D)pineal gland
E)pancreas

Question 12

The pituitary hormone that is released in large quantities during childbirth to stimulate uterine contractions is

A)estrogen
B)oxytocin
C)follicle-stimulating hormone
D)progesterone
E)growth hormone

Question 13

The two antagonistic hormones regulating blood calcium levels are

A)insulin and glucagon
B)glycogen and PTH
C)ACTH and CRH
D)PTH and calcitonin
E)calcitonin and glucagon

Question 14

All of the following pituitary hormones are released in response to hypothalamic releasing hormones EXCEPT

A)thyroid-stimulating hormone
B)growth hormone
C)follicle-stimulating hormone
D)adrenocorticotropic hormone
E)antidiuretic hormone

Question 15

Which of the following systems work closely with the endocrine system to coordinate the body's functions?

A)cardiovascular system
B)respiratory system
C)reproductive system
D)nervous system
E)lymphatic system

Question 16

Which of the following types of cells found in the thyroid gland produce thyroxine?

A)alpha cells
B)oxyphil cells
C)neurosecretory cells
D)follicular cells
E)parafollicular cells

Question 17

All of the following are endocrine glands EXCEPT

A)adrenal glands
B)sweat glands
C)parathyroid glands
D)pineal gland
E)pituitary gland

Question 18

Calcitonin is a hormone released by the parafollicular cells of the

A)adrenal cortex
B)thyroid gland
C)parathyroid gland
D)pituitary gland
E)thymus gland

Question 19

Which of the following organs contain hormone-secreting cells?

A)stomach
B)liver
C)skin
D)stomach, liver, and skin
E)none of the choices is correct

Question 20

Which of the following pituitary hormones stimulates testosterone production by the testes?

A)TSH
B)FSH
C)ACTH
D)LH
E)GH

Question 21

Which of the following endocrine glands is directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A)adrenal medulla
B)adrenal cortex
C)anterior pituitary gland
D)thyroid gland
E)thymus gland

Question 22

Which of the following statements describe common characteristics of prostaglandins?

A)act as local hormones
B)help mediate inflammation
C)derived from fatty acids
D)act as local hormones, help mediate inflammation, and derived from fatty acids
E)none of the choices is correct

Question 23

Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, are steroid hormones produced by the

A)ovaries
B)testis
C)adrenal gland
D)thyroid gland
E)hypothalamus

Question 24

Hormone secretion from endocrine cells can be stimulated by

A)nerve impulses
B)chemical changes in the blood
C)releasing hormones
D)inhibiting hormones
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 25

Cushing's syndrome is due to hypersecretion of

A)glucocorticoids
B)testosterone
C)ADH
D)mineralocorticoids
E)thyroxine

Question 26

Cells that respond to a particular hormone are called

A)receptor cells
B)sensor cells
C)secretory cells
D)target cells
E)endocrine cells

Question 27

Which of the following pituitary hormones controls adrenal cortex activities?

A)FSH
B)LH
C)hGH
D)MSH
E)ACTH

Question 28

Melatonin is a hormone released by the

A)pituitary gland
B)pancreas
C)pineal gland
D)thymus gland
E)adrenal gland

Question 29

The cells in the pancreatic islets that secrete insulin are called

A)alpha cells
B)beta cells
C)delta cells
D)F-cells
E)chief cells

Question 30

FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary gland is inhibited by a peptide hormone released by the gonads called

A)relaxin
B)testosterone
C)LH
D)inhibin
E)androgen

Question 31

Oversecretion of hGH during childhood causes

A)giantism
B)acromegaly
C)pituitary dwarfism
D)cretinism
E)goiter

Question 32

The hormone released in response to low blood calcium levels is

A)oxytocin
B)parathyroid hormone
C)thyroxine
D)growth hormone
E)calcitonin

Question 33

Glucagon is a pancreatic hormone that

A)accelerates the conversion of liver glycogen into glucose.
B)slows down glucose formation from lactic acid.
C)promotes uptake of amino acids by muscle cells.
D)speeds up protein synthesis within cells.
E)accelerates the transport of glucose from blood into cells.

Question 34

Which of the following is a characteristic of mineralocorticoids?

A)produced in the adrenal cortex
B)steroid hormones
C)regulate sodium and potassium homeostasis
D)all of the choices are correct
E)none of the choices is correct

Question 35

Which of the following hormones are responsible for the fight-or-flight response?

A)epinephrine
B)norepinephrine
C)insulin
D)epinephrine and norepinephrine
E)norepinephrine and insulin

Question 36

Which of the following is a disease condition in which the posterior pituitary gland does not secrete sufficient amounts of ADH?

A)diabetes insipidus
B)diabetes mellitus
C)tetany
D)cretinism
E)aldosteronism

Question 37

Which of the following hormones inhibits the action of osteoclasts?

A)oxytocin
B)vasopressin
C)calcitonin
D)parathyroid hormone
E)thyroxine

Question 38

A decline in the number of pancreatic beta cells is characteristic of

A)diabetes insipidus
B)type II diabetes
C)type I diabetes
D)Cushing's syndrome
E)noninsulin-dependent diabetes

Question 39

Which of the following organs can be classified as both an endocrine and exocrine gland?

A)hypothalamus
B)thymus gland
C)pancreas
D)pituitary gland
E)gallbladder

Question 40

The second stage of the physiological response to long-lasting stress is called the

A)stressor stage
B)resistance reaction
C)alarm reaction
D)flight-or-fight response
E)exhaustion stage

Question 41

Insulin is commonly secreted by the pancreas after a carbohydrate-rich meal in order to

A)increase the uptake of glucose from the blood into the tissue cells.
B)decrease the permeability of cell membranes to glucose.
C)increase the production of glucose from glycogen.
D)increase the concentration of blood glucose.
E)increase the amount of thyroid hormones in the blood.

Question 42

Under normal circumstances, individuals do not produce too much thyroxine because

A)the amount of available iodine is limited.
B)negative feedback control of TRH and TSH release.
C)excess thyroxine is converted into inactive triiodothyronine.
D)the thyroid gland is incapable of producing too much.
E)all of the choices are correct.

Question 43

Which of the following conditions would stimulate increased secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

A)decreased CRH release from the hypothalamus
B)increased ACTH release from the anterior pituitary gland
C)increased blood glucose levels
D)ingestion of a meal containing a high quantity of carbohydrates
E)increased plasma potassium concentration

Question 44

All of the following are target tissues for antidiuretic hormone EXCEPT

A)kidneys
B)arterioles
C)sweat glands
D)lungs
E)all of the choices are target tissues for ADH

Question 45

Steroid hormones are all derived from cholesterol.

Question 46

The hypothalamus, sympathetic nervous system, and adrenal medulla work together to stimulate the _____ during the initial stages of the stress response.

A)stressor effect
B)fight-or-flight response
C)exhaustion phase
D)secretion of insulin
E)constriction of the adrenal gland

Question 47

Which of the following is the best explanation for why hypersecretion of GH in adults does not lead to significant increases in height?

A)GH does not affect bone growth.
B)Epiphyseal plates are closed in adults.
C)Adult bones lack osteoblasts.
D)The physical size of adult bones prevents further growth.
E)Adults lack somatomedins necessary for bone lengthening.

Question 48

Most peptide and protein hormones diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of the target cell membrane to gain access to their receptor.

Question 49

Low levels of calcium in the blood directly stimulate

A)the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland to release calcitonin.
B)decreased activity of osteoclasts.
C)increased excretion of calcium in the urine.
D)decreased absorption of phosphate in the small intestine.
E)the chief cells of the parathyroid glands to release PTH.

Question 50

Cells found in the posterior pituitary gland synthesize vasopressin.

Question 51

Which of the following effects on the endocrine system does NOT commonly occur as we age?

A)Some endocrine glands shrink.
B)Production of cortisol decreases.
C)Decreased GH secretion leads to muscles atrophy.
D)Thyroid gland increases secretion of thyroid hormones.
E)Blood glucose levels increase due to slower release of insulin.

Question 52

Prolactin is a hormone involved in the initiation of milk production by the mammary glands.

Question 53

Glucocorticoids do not have an effect on the activity of the immune system.

Question 54

Which of the following pituitary hormones triggers ovulation?

A)thyroid-stimulating hormone
B)luteinizing hormone
C)growth hormone
D)adrenocorticotropic hormone
E)follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 55

The drug RU486 (mifepristone)induces abortion during early pregnancy by blocking receptors for

A)estrogen
B)testosterone
C)progesterone
D)follicle-stimulating hormone
E)luteinizing hormone

Question 56

Hormone secretion is primarily regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.

Question 57

Some endocrine glands secrete hormones in response to a signal from the autonomic nervous system.

Question 58

Glucagon is secreted by the _____ cells of the _____.

A)beta, pancreatic islets
B)alpha, pancreatic islets
C)beta, adrenal cortex
D)chromaffin, adrenal medulla
E)chief, parathyroid gland

Question 59

The nervous system and the endocrine system regulate homeostasis.

Question 60

Which of the following statements would likely be true during the resistance phase of the stress response?

A)The amount of stored triglycerides would be increasing.
B)Glycogen levels in skeletal muscles would be increasing.
C)Cortisol levels in the blood would be relatively high.
D)Aldosterone levels in the blood would be relatively low.
E)Insulin would stimulate increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscles.

Question 61

The renin-angiotensin pathway is involved in the control of aldosterone secretion.

Question 62

The physical changes that occur during puberty in young males, like thickening of the vocal cords and increased muscle mass, are stimulated by increased release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.

Question 63

The thymus gland is largest in infancy and is replaced by adipose and areolar connective tissue as a person ages.

Question 64

"Bronzed skin" that is not due to a suntan is a common sign of Addison's disease.

Question 65

A water-soluble hormone usually binds to an intracellular receptor and acts as second messenger to induce changes inside the target cell.

Question 66

The pituitary gland synthesizes all of the hormones that it secretes.

Question 67

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)stimulates the testes to produce testosterone.

Question 68

Tropic hormones produced by the hypothalamus control the release of human growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 69

Calcitonin is a hormone released by the parathyroid gland.

Question 70

If the resistance stage of the stress response fails to combat the stressor, exhaustion may ensue.

Question 71

Small protein hormones called somatomedins are released from the liver, skeletal muscle, cartilage and bone in response to an increased concentration of growth hormone in the plasma.

Question 72

Pheochromocytomas are benign tumors of the adrenal medulla.

Question 73

Vasopressin is another name for antidiuretic hormone.

Question 74

Steroid hormones usually act by binding to a protein receptor on the cell membrane of their target cell.

Question 75

Alcohol in the bloodstream inhibits ADH secretion resulting in increased urine output, which leads to the dehydration often experienced as part of a "hangover."

Question 76

Any stimulus that produces a stress response is called a stressor.

Question 77

The hypothalamus controls secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland using nerve impulses.

Question 78

Androgens are steroid hormones secreted by the male endocrine system only.

Question 79

Ovaries decrease in size with age and are less responsive to gonadotropins, which causes a decrease in estrogen secretion leading to increased susceptibility to osteoporosis.

Question 80

The pancreas releases insulin more quickly as a person ages and so blood glucose levels increase more slowly in the elderly.