Deck 14: The Cardiovascular System: Blood

Question 1

The blood volume of an average-sized adult male is

A)3 to 4 liters
B)4 to 5 liters
C)5 to 6 liters
D)6 to 7 liters
E)6 liters exactly

Answer 1

C

Question 2

How many platelets appear in each microliter of normal blood?

A)5,000 - 10,000
B)10,000 - 100,000
C)100,000 - 150,000
D)150,000 - 400,000
E)4,800,000 - 5,400,000

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The average life span of red blood cells is

A)150 days
B)140 days
C)130 days
D)120 days
E)100 days

Answer 3

D

Question 4

An allergic condition or parasitic infection leads to an elevated number of

A)eosinophils
B)neutrophils
C)macrophages
D)monocytes
E)lymphocytes

Question 5

Which of the following correctly lists the sequential steps used in the formation of a platelet plug?

A)release of regulatory chemicals, platelets stick together, adhesion to damaged vessel
B)adhesion to damaged vessel, release of regulatory chemicals, platelets stick together
C)release of regulatory chemicals, adhesion to damaged vessel, platelets stick together
D)adhesion to damaged vessel, platelets stick together, release of regulatory chemicals
E)platelets stick together, release of regulatory chemicals, adhesion to damaged vessel

Question 6

The first phagocytic cells to arrive at the site of a bacterial infection are

A)lymphocytes
B)neutrophils
C)eosinophils
D)thrombocytes
E)monocytes

Question 7

The type of protein that is most plentiful in blood plasma is called

A)albumin
B)fibrinogen
C)gamma globulin
D)alpha globulin
E)beta globulin

Question 8

Clotting that occurs in an unbroken blood vessel is called

A)hemostasis
B)coagulation
C)thrombosis
D)vascular spasm
E)fibrinolysis

Question 9

Which of the following blood cells do NOT have a nucleus?

A)erythrocytes
B)granulocytes
C)leukocytes
D)monocytes
E)agranulocytes

Question 10

The normal pH range for blood is

A)7.45 to 7.65
B)7.35 to 7.45
C)7.25 to 7.35
D)7.15 to 7.45
E)7.00 to 7.35

Question 11

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen is called

A)erythropoietin
B)albumin
C)hemoglobin
D)urobilinogen
E)biliverdin

Question 12

Which of the following are general functions of blood?

A)transportation
B)regulation
C)protection
D)transportation and regulation
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 13

Which of the following blood cells can develop into "wandering macrophages"?

A)neutrophils
B)eosinophils
C)basophils
D)lymphocytes
E)monocytes

Question 14

The thin layer of white blood cells and platelets found above the packed red cells in centrifuged blood is called the

A)hematocrit
B)plasma
C)serum
D)buffy coat
E)extracellular matrix of blood

Question 15

Worn-out red blood cells are phagocytized in the

A)liver
B)spleen
C)red bone marrow
D)all of the choices are correct
E)none of the choices is correct

Question 16

Abnormally low levels of white blood cells, which can be caused by exposure to radiation, is called

A)leukopenia
B)anemia
C)leukocytosis
D)leukemia
E)polycythemia

Question 17

Which of the following breakdown products from hemoglobin can be reused by other cells for protein synthesis?

A)heme
B)amino acids
C)biliverdin
D)iron
E)stercobilin

Question 18

An increase in the number of white blood cells is called

A)anemia
B)leukopenia
C)polycythemia
D)leukocytosis
E)erythrocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following blood cells is an agranular leukocyte?

A)thrombocyte
B)neutrophil
C)basophil
D)erythrocyte
E)monocyte

Question 20

The term for oxygen deficiency in tissues or cells is

A)ischemia
B)hypoxia
C)hypocapnia
D)anemia
E)cyanosis

Question 21

The anticoagulant produced by mast cells and basophils is

A)citrate
B)plasmin
C)warfarin
D)heparin
E)vitamin K

Question 22

Which of the following types of blood cells contain hemoglobin?

A)eosinophils
B)erythrocytes
C)neutrophils
D)reticulocytes
E)more than one of these types of blood cells contains hemoglobin

Question 23

The destruction of red blood cells due to an incompatible blood transfusion is called

A)hemolysis
B)embolism
C)agglutination
D)fibrinolysis
E)infiltration

Question 24

The hormone released by the kidney that stimulates increased RBC production is

A)erythropoietin
B)plasmin
C)renin
D)fibrinogen
E)calcitriol

Question 25

An inherited deficiency of coagulation in which bleeding may occur spontaneously or after only minor trauma is referred to as

A)anemia
B)hemophilia
C)hemolysis
D)polycythemia
E)leukemia

Question 26

The percentage of whole blood occupied by red blood cells is called the

A)hemoglobin content
B)platelet count
C)differential
D)hematocrit
E)reticulocyte count

Question 27

The active enzyme found in body tissues and blood that can dissolve a blood clot by digesting fibrin threads is called

A)streptokinase
B)ATPase
C)coagulase
D)plasminogen
E)plasmin

Question 28

The threads that hold a blood clot together are formed by

A)thrombin
B)prothrombin activator
C)platelet plug
D)tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
E)fibrin

Question 29

Any decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is called

A)jaundice
B)leukopenia
C)anemia
D)thrombocytopenia
E)polycythemia

Question 30

Which of the following is a potential cause of anemia in humans?

A)hemorrhage
B)lack of sufficient iron in the diet
C)premature breakdown of RBC
D)exposure to gamma radiation
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 31

The medical term that means stoppage of bleeding is

A)hemostasis
B)vascular spasm
C)thrombosis
D)coagulation
E)homeostasis

Question 32

Which of the following ions is an essential clotting factor?

A)magnesium
B)potassium
C)calcium
D)sodium
E)chlorine

Question 33

A blood test indicates that a patient has the B agglutinin and lacks the A antigen. What blood type does the patient have?

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O
E)not enough information is provided to determine blood type

Question 34

Small inappropriate blood clots formed inside of a blood vessel are usually dissolved by a process called

A)fibrinolysis
B)plasmolysis
C)clot retraction
D)thrombosis
E)hemostasis

Question 35

An individual with _____ blood can theoretically donate blood to recipients of all ABO types.

A)type A
B)type B
C)type AB
D)type O
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 36

The iron-containing portion of the hemoglobin molecule is called

A)ferritin
B)globin
C)heme
D)globulin
E)transferrin

Question 37

A moving blood clot transported in the blood stream is a/an

A)platelet plug
B)thrombus
C)embolus
D)thrombosis
E)none of the choices is correct

Question 38

A person with blood type A has

A)B antigens on their red blood cells.
B)A antibodies in their plasma.
C)A antigens on their red blood cells.
D)Rh antigen on their red blood cells.
E)A and B antibodies in their plasma.

Question 39

All of the following chemicals are involved in blood clotting EXCEPT

A)transferrin
B)thrombin
C)calcium
D)prothrombinase
E)fibrin

Question 40

Insufficient production of erythrocytes due to lack of vitamin B₁₂ is the cause of

A)polycythemia
B)leukemia
C)aplastic anemia
D)pernicious anemia
E)hemorrhagic anemia

Question 41

Sickle cell disease is caused by

A)a lack of vitamin B₁₂.
B)an abnormal hemoglobin that leads to a change in the morphology of RBCs.
C)a genetic disorder affecting the ability of blood to clot.
D)incompatibility of maternal and fetal blood.
E)uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells.

Question 42

The kidney continually excretes breakdown products from erythrocytes.

Question 43

An abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in which the hematocrit is above 55% is called

A)leukopenia
B)septicemia
C)polycythemia
D)phlebotomy
E)hemochromatosis

Question 44

Platelets are disc-shaped formed elements in the blood that are generated by splintering a large cell in the bone marrow called a _____ into approximately 2000 to 3000 fragments.

A)myeloblast
B)lymphoblast
C)megakaryocyte
D)reticulocyte
E)monocyte

Question 45

The most abundant type of blood cell found in the circulation is the

A)monocyte
B)neutrophil
C)basophil
D)erythrocyte
E)platelet

Question 46

Which following blood tests accurately indicates the rate of erythropoiesis?

A)hematocrit
B)complete blood count (CBC)
C)differential blood cell count
D)reticulocyte count
E)clotting time

Question 47

All types of leukocytes are generated from lymphoid stem cells.

Question 48

Initiation of the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting involves

A)damaged tissue releasing a protein into the blood.
B)damaged endothelial cells release a clotting factor.
C)platelets releasing a clotting factor.
D)signaling from the hypothalamus.
E)direct cleavage of fibrinogen by a tissue factor.

Question 49

Myeloid stem cells are precursors to all of the following types of blood cells EXCEPT

A)erythrocytes
B)thrombocytes
C)basophils
D)monocytes
E)lymphocytes

Question 50

Inflammation causes an increase in the hematocrit.

Question 51

Monocytes that migrate into infected tissues are called wandering macrophages.

Question 52

Artificially induced polycythemia is

A)used by endurance athletes to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of their blood.
B)achieved by injecting Epoetin alfa.
C)dangerous due to increased blood viscosity and blood pressure.
D)a potential cause of heart attacks and strokes that may result in death.
E)all of the choices are correct.

Question 53

Bone marrow transplants have been used to successfully treat

A)aplastic anemia
B)Hodgkin's disease
C)thalassemia
D)sickle cell disease
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 54

Plasma proteins are synthesized mainly in the spleen.

Question 55

Emboli formed in large veins often become life-threatening when they lodge in blood vessels in the

A)liver
B)spleen
C)heart
D)lungs
E)lymph nodes

Question 56

Anemia can result from either low RBC numbers or low hemoglobin concentrations.

Question 57

Lymphocytes are the largest leukocytes.

Question 58

Neutrophils are granulocytes.

Question 59

Which following blood transfusions would most likely result in severe hemolysis of the donated blood?

A)Type A blood transfused into a type AB recipient.
B)Type B blood transfused into a type AB recipient.
C)Type O blood transfused into a type A recipient.
D)Type O blood transfused into a type B recipient.
E)Type AB blood transfused into a type A recipient.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT found in whole blood?

A)albumin
B)fibrinogen
C)tissue factor (TF)
D)erythrocytes
E)neutrophils

Question 61

Thrombocytes are the only formed element in blood NOT synthesized in red bone marrow.

Question 62

A blood clot that is moving in the blood stream is called a thrombus.

Question 63

Mature erythrocytes can divide to produce new RBCs.

Question 64

Agglutinin is another name for antibodies to the blood group antigens.

Question 65

A technician who specializes in withdrawing blood from patients is called a phlebotomist.

Question 66

Heparin is an anticoagulant produced by mast cells.

Question 67

The production of red blood cells is closely linked to the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood. If this capacity is low, the red bone marrow makes a hormone called erythroheparin that stimulates increased RBC production.

Question 68

Pluripotent stem cells are cells in the red bone marrow that have the potential to become any of the formed elements found in blood.

Question 69

Cyanosis is primarily caused by too many leukocytes in the blood.

Question 70

At low doses, aspirin enhances vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation.

Question 71

In a bone marrow transplant, donor bone marrow is injected directly into the recipient's veins.

Question 72

Increased physical training in athletes results in decreases in plasma volume resulting in polycythemia.

Question 73

The iron liberated by the breakdown of old red blood cells is carried by erythropoietin to the liver for storage.

Question 74

During hemostasis, the initial vascular spasm in a damaged blood vessel is stimulated by chemicals released from platelets.

Question 75

Blood clotting always results in the formation of an embolus.

Question 76

Plasma constitutes about 55% of the blood volume.

Question 77

The breaking up of a blood clot in the circulatory system is called clot retraction.

Question 78

An individual with type AB blood has either the A or B antigen but not both.

Question 79

In practice, the use of the terms "universal recipient" and "universal donor" in blood typing is misleading and dangerous, because antigens other than ABO can cause transfusion reactions.

Question 80

The extrinsic pathway of blood clotting involves more activation steps than the intrinsic pathway.