Deck 11: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Somatic motor neurons

A)have long preganglionic fibers
B)release norepinephrine
C)release acetylcholine
D)innervate smooth muscle
E)are regulated by the hypothalamus

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The preganglionic motor neurons of the sympathetic division of the ANS release

A)epinephrine
B)norepinephrine
C)acetylcholine
D)GABA
E)glutamate

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The brain region that controls most autonomic responses is the

A)hypothalamus
B)cerebrum
C)cerebellum
D)thalamus
E)epithalamus

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The sympathetic division of the ANS does all of the following EXCEPT

A)speeds up digestion so glucose is available to skeletal muscles
B)conducts impulses through the trunk ganglia
C)speeds up heart rate
D)speeds up respiratory rate
E)uses epinephrine as a signaling molecule

Question 5

Preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division of the ANS synapse with postganglionic neurons in the

A)sympathetic trunk ganglia
B)celiac ganglia
C)mesenteric ganglia
D)terminal ganglia
E)prevertebral ganglia

Question 6

The _____ nervous system contains sensory neurons and motor neurons associated with voluntary actions only.

A)peripheral
B)somatic
C)autonomic
D)central
E)parasympathetic

Question 7

Which of the following is true of BOTH the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A)have long preganglionic neurons
B)have ganglia located next to the effectors
C)use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter in the ganglia
D)use acetylcholine to excite the effector
E)have long postganglionic neurons

Question 8

All of the following are common effectors of the ANS EXCEPT

A)cardiac muscle
B)smooth muscle
C)skeletal muscle
D)nervous tissue
E)all of the choices are common ANS effectors

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division?

A)usually have many branches
B)leave the spinal cord through the anterior root
C)synapse with many postganglionic cell bodies
D)are longer than the postganglionic fibers
E)use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter

Question 10

An involuntary effector that receives impulses from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS is said to have

A)somatic innervation
B)dual innervation
C)antagonistic innervation
D)synergistic innervation
E)agonistic innervation

Question 11

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system?

A)Autonomic pathways consist of two types of motor neurons.
B)ANS stimulation of involuntary effectors is always excitatory.
C)The output (motor)portion of the ANS can be divided into two principal branches.
D)The postganglionic neuron lies entirely in the peripheral nervous system.
E)All of the choices describe characteristics of the ANS.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system (ANS)is NOT true?

A)regulates the size of the pupils
B)uses a single neurotransmitter called acetylcholine
C)consists of two motor subdivisions
D)regulates visceral activities
E)controls involuntary effectors

Question 13

The neurotransmitter released by postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division is

A)glycine
B)acetylcholine
C)acetylcholinesterase
D)dopamine
E)norepinephrine

Question 14

In the autonomic nervous system, there are ___ neuron(s)between the CNS and the visceral effector.

A)5
B)4
C)3
D)2
E)1

Question 15

All of the following events occur during the fight-or-flight response EXCEPT

A)increased heart rate
B)increased blood pressure
C)constriction of the pupils
D)dilation of the bronchioles
E)decreased digestive secretions

Question 16

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons

A)originate in the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord.
B)originate in the cerebrum of the brain.
C)originate in the thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord.
D)tend to be relatively long.
E)synapse in the terminal ganglion.

Question 17

All of the following are sympathetic ganglia EXCEPT

A)sympathetic trunk ganglia
B)celiac ganglia
C)superior mesenteric ganglia
D)basal nuclei
E)inferior mesenteric ganglia

Question 18

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also referred to as the

A)autonomic division
B)craniosacral division
C)thoracolumbar division
D)somatic division
E)ganglionic division

Question 19

The first motor neuron in an autonomic pathway is called a/an

A)preganglionic neuron
B)postganglionic neuron
C)autonomic ganglion
D)sympathetic neuron
E)parasympathetic neuron

Question 20

The neurotransmitter released by the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division is

A)norepinephrine
B)acetylcholine
C)acetylcholinesterase
D)dopamine
E)epinephrine

Question 21

The autonomic nervous system

A)is under voluntary control.
B)is always inhibitory.
C)uses one motor neuron to connect the CNS with its effector.
D)operates without conscious control.
E)innervates skeletal muscles.

Question 22

One effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the eye is to

A)move the eye to focus directly on an object.
B)decrease the secretion of tears.
C)change the shape of the retina.
D)constrict the pupil.
E)adjust the shape of the lens for distant vision.

Question 23

The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity or autonomic "tone" is regulated by the

A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)cerebellum
D)medulla oblongata
E)pituitary gland

Question 24

The parasympathetic nervous system decreases all of the following EXCEPT

A)heart rate
B)respiratory rate
C)digestion
D)pupil size
E)air pathway diameter

Question 25

The axon of the preganglionic neurons, the autonomic ganglia and the postganglionic neurons are all parts of the _____ nervous system.

A)somatic
B)peripheral
C)central
D)somatosensory
E)visceral

Question 26

Which of the following systems is responsible for controlling skeletal muscle activity?

A)autonomic nervous system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)parasympathetic nervous system
D)somatosensory system
E)somatic nervous system

Question 27

The most important aspect of mind body exercise is to be

A)highly flexible.
B)physically strong.
C)open to physical and emotional sensations.
D)in excellent cardiovascular health.
E)highly coordinated.

Question 28

The portion of the nervous system regulating smooth muscle activity is called the

A)central nervous system
B)special sense system
C)autonomic nervous system
D)somatic nervous system
E)somatosensory system

Question 29

The word "autonomic" literally means

A)self starting
B)involuntary control
C)self law
D)self inflicted
E)self motivated

Question 30

Insulin secretion from the pancreas is promoted by the activity of the

A)sympathetic division
B)pituitary gland
C)somatic nervous system
D)parasympathetic division
E)pineal gland

Question 31

The adrenal glands release epinephrine and norepinephrine to intensify and prolong the effects elicited by _____ postganglionic neurons.

A)CNS
B)endocrine
C)somatic
D)parasympathetic
E)sympathetic

Question 32

An abnormally large colon caused by improperly developed parasympathetic neurons to the distal end of the colon is called

A)hypercolon
B)ulcerative colitis
C)mesocolon
D)megacolon
E)Horner's syndrome

Question 33

The acronym "SLUDD" is a convenient way to remember the responses of

A)somatic motor system
B)parasympathetic division
C)"fight or flight" division
D)somatosensory system
E)endocrine system

Question 34

Which of the following responses is a sympathetic response?

A)increased bile secretion
B)increased breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue
C)vasodilation leading to erection of the penis (men)and clitoris (women)
D)promotion of insulin secretion
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 35

Nearly 80% of parasympathetic outflow to the terminal ganglia is conducted through

A)the glossopharyngeal nerve.
B)the oculomotor nerve.
C)the vagus nerve.
D)spinal nerves from the thoracic region.
E)spinal nerves from the sacral region.

Question 36

Horner's syndrome is

A)caused by loss of parasympathetic control of one side of the body.
B)characterized by increased twitching and sweating.
C)only seen in the elderly.
D)caused by a loss of sympathetic control to one side of the face.
E)all of the choices are correct.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of a potential path followed by a preganglionic sympathetic neuron?

A)synapse with a postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic trunk ganglion
B)ascend or descend the trunk ganglia and synapse at another level
C)continue through the trunk ganglia and synapse in a prevertebral ganglion
D)continue through the trunk ganglia and synapse in a terminal ganglion
E)extend directly to the adrenal medulla

Question 38

All of the following are effects of the parasympathetic division EXCEPT

A)conserving body energy
B)restoring body energy
C)dilation of pupils
D)promoting digestion
E)increasing bile secretion

Question 39

The ANS ganglia that run vertically along both sides of the backbone are called the

A)sympathetic trunk ganglia
B)terminal ganglia
C)parasympathetic ganglia
D)prevertebral ganglia
E)superior mesenteric ganglia

Question 40

An inherited disorder in which the ANS functions abnormally resulting in symptoms like reduced tear gland secretion, motor incoordination, skin blotching and difficulty swallowing is called

A)autonomic dysreflexia
B)dysautonomia
C)Raynaud phenomenon
D)SLUDD
E)hypotension

Question 41

One of the abnormalities caused by Horner's syndrome is a megacolon.

Question 42

Learning relaxation and stress reduction skills can reduce the harmful effects of stress on the body.

Question 43

Pre- and postganglionic fibers are present in the somatic nervous system.

Question 44

The outflow of parasympathetic nerve impulses originates in the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord.

Question 45

Which of the following situations is NOT commonly associated with sympathetic activation?

A)exercise
B)emergency
C)excitement
D)eating
E)embarrassment

Question 46

Parasympathetic ganglia are usually found near or within visceral effectors.

Question 47

The sympathetic division promotes changes in the body associated with increased energy expenditure.

Question 48

The hypothalamus regulates the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.

Question 49

The preganglionic neurons that innervate the adrenal medulla release acetylcholine.

Question 50

Parasympathetic stimulation increases sweat secretion.

Question 51

The autonomic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles.

Question 52

The terminal ganglion that houses the synapses involved in parasympathetic control of the ciliary muscle and circular muscles of the iris of the eye is the

A)ciliary ganglion
B)pterygopalatine ganglion
C)submandibular ganglion
D)otic ganglion
E)celiac ganglion

Question 53

Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions use two different types of neurotransmitters in the output pathways that stimulate their effectors.

Question 54

The effects of the adrenal medulla are linked to the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 55

The dilation of the pupils in the eye is an autonomic response.

Question 56

Because of its connection to "fight or flight" response, increased sympathetic stimulation is connected to acute stress reactions.

Question 57

Terminal ganglia are part of the sympathetic division of the ANS.

Question 58

The outflow of parasympathetic nerve impulses is carried exclusively in cranial nerves.

Question 59

Fear stimulates the activation of the parasympathetic division of the ANS.

Question 60

The parasympathetic nervous system has long preganglionic axons and short postganglionic axons.

Question 61

Describe the anatomical differences between the two divisions of the ANS. Name the neurotransmitters used by each type of neuron found in the two divisions.

Question 62

Some autonomic effectors, like sweat glands and blood vessels, are only innervated by the sympathetic division.

Question 63

Parasympathetic responses usually involve the simultaneous activation of a large number of effectors.

Question 64

Autonomic dysreflexia is related to spinal cord injury and involves activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 65

Autonomic dysreflexia is a severe condition observed primarily in individuals that have previously experienced strokes, seizures or heart attacks.

Question 66

Which of the diagrams in the figure shows a motor pathway that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)All of the pathways shown use acetylcholine.

Question 67

What portion of the nervous system is shown in this diagram?

A)somatic nervous system
B)somatosensory nervous system
C)sympathetic division of ANS
D)parasympathetic division of ANS
E)enteric nervous system (ENS)

Question 68

Which of the diagrams in the figure shows a motor pathway that is under voluntary control?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)More than one of the pathways is voluntary.

Question 69

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the sympathetic chain ganglion?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 70

Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram are considered to be terminal ganglia of the ANS?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 71

The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for the "fight-or-flight" response.

Question 72

The ganglion labeled D in the diagram that stimulates saliva secretion from the parotid gland is called the

A)ciliary ganglion
B)otic ganglion
C)submandibular ganglion
D)pterygopalatine ganglion
E)salivary ganglion

Question 73

Instead of exercise to tone up muscles or the heart, some people use mind body exercise to tone up their parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question 74

Briefly describe the major functional differences between the autonomic and somatic nervous system.

Question 75

Name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and compare their general functions.

Question 76

Which of the following neurotransmitter is used to stimulate the effectors in the motor pathway labeled B in the figure?

A)epinephrine
B)acetylcholine
C)norepinephrine
D)epinephrine and norepinephrine
E)epinephrine and acetylcholine

Question 77

What portion of the nervous system is shown in this diagram?

A)somatic nervous system
B)somatosensory nervous system
C)sympathetic division of ANS
D)parasympathetic division of ANS
E)enteric nervous system (ENS)

Question 78

Which of the following cranial nerves (labeled E in the diagram)carries the parasympathetic outflow to the heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera?

A)oculomotor (III)nerve
B)abducens (VI)nerve
C)vagus (X)nerve
D)facial (VII)nerve
E)glossopharyngeal (IX)nerve

Question 79

List the primary types of parasympathetic responses observed in humans.

Question 80

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system relaxes the ciliary muscle of the eye to adjust the lens for distant vision.