Deck 9: Nervous Tissue

Question 1

Saltatory conduction refers to the type of impulse conduction used in

A)cardiac muscle
B)skeletal muscle
C)unmyelinated fibers
D)myelinated fibers
E)all axons

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of an effector?

A)interneuron
B)sensory receptor
C)special sense organ
D)nerve
E)glands

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following types of cells found in the nervous system does NOT functionally belong with the others?

A)efferent neurons
B)oligodendrocytes
C)afferent neurons
D)motor neurons
E)interneurons

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The charge difference between the outside and the inside of the plasma membrane of a neuron at rest is called the

A)action potential
B)synaptic potential
C)excitatory postsynaptic potential
D)resting membrane potential
E)equilibrium potential

Question 5

The neuroglia that produce the myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system are called

A)Schwann cells
B)oligodendrocytes
C)microglia
D)astrocytes
E)satellite cells

Question 6

The branch of medicine that deals with normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system is called

A)pathology
B)endocrinology
C)neuroendocrinology
D)neurology
E)neuropathology

Question 7

The type of neuroglial cell involved in forming the blood-brain barrier is the

A)astrocyte
B)oligodendrocyte
C)microglia
D)satellite cells
E)ependymal cell

Question 8

The axon joins the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the

A)initial segment
B)axon hillock
C)myelin sheath
D)neurolemma
E)axon collateral

Question 9

Processes that carry impulses from the neuron cell body to another neuron or effector are called

A)dendrites
B)axons
C)synapses
D)neurofibrils
E)myelin sheaths

Question 10

Neurons that conduct nerve impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system are

A)motor neurons
B)efferent neurons
C)interneurons
D)sensory neurons
E)association neurons

Question 11

All of the following are part of the peripheral nervous system EXCEPT

A)spinal cord
B)ganglia
C)spinal nerves
D)cranial nerves
E)enteric plexuses

Question 12

A bundle of myelinated axons within the white matter of the central nervous system is called a/an

A)axon
B)nerve
C)tract
D)ganglion
E)nucleus

Question 13

Small masses of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, found in the peripheral nervous system are called

A)ganglia
B)nuclei
C)horns
D)tracts
E)nerves

Question 14

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram contains synaptic vesicles that store neurotransmitters?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 15

The nervous system and the _____ system share the greatest responsibility for maintaining homeostasis.

A)immune
B)endocrine
C)cardiovascular
D)respiratory
E)muscular

Question 16

Compared to unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons

A)conduct impulses faster.
B)conduct impulses more often.
C)do not contain axon collaterals.
D)produce larger action potentials.
E)produce longer lasting action potentials.

Question 17

Enteric motor neurons are responsible for stimulating contraction of

A)skeletal muscle close to the GI tract.
B)GI tract smooth muscle.
C)smooth muscle of the blood vessels.
D)of skeletal muscle close to the GI tract and contraction of GI tract smooth muscle.
E)GI tract smooth muscle and contraction of smooth muscle of the blood vessels.

Question 18

All of the following are functions of the nervous system EXCEPT

A)sensing changes
B)analyzing changes
C)storing potassium
D)responding to changes
E)integrating impulses

Question 19

The portion of the nervous system that is not under conscious control and is thus considered involuntary is the

A)somatic nervous system
B)sensory nervous system
C)autonomic nervous system
D)motor nervous system
E)peripheral nervous system

Question 20

The characteristic ability of neurons to respond to a stimulus and convert it into a nerve impulse is called

A)depolarization
B)hyperpolarization
C)electrical excitability
D)threshold
E)contractility

Question 21

The site where either two neurons or a neuron and effector communicate is called a

A)neuromuscular junction
B)neuroeffector junction
C)motor endplate
D)synapse
E)synaptic terminal

Question 22

The speed of nerve impulse conduction is determined by all of the following EXCEPT

A)temperature
B)fiber diameter
C)presence of myelin
D)absence of myelin
E)stimulus strength

Question 23

The spread of an impulse along the membrane of a neuron is called

A)propagation
B)hyperpolarization
C)refraction
D)propagation and hyperpolarization
E)propagation and refraction

Question 24

Which of the following events would occur to a postsynaptic membrane in response to the presence of an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A)propagation
B)repolarization
C)depolarization
D)hyperpolarization
E)excitation

Question 25

Neurotransmitters are released from the _____ into the synaptic cleft.

A)dendrite
B)axon collateral
C)synaptic end bulb
D)axon hillock
E)motor endplate

Question 26

Which of the following ions directly triggers the release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft?

A)sodium
B)chloride
C)calcium
D)potassium
E)magnesium

Question 27

Local anesthetics like Novocaine and Lidocaine, which are used to block pain during painful medical procedures, exert their effect by blocking the opening of

A)voltage-gated potassium channels
B)voltage-gated calcium channels
C)voltage-gated sodium channels
D)potassium leak channels
E)sodium, potassium ATPase

Question 28

Which of the following types of ion channels are used to conduct an action potential along a neuronal membrane?

A)leak channels
B)voltage-gated channels
C)mechanically gated channels
D)ligand-gated channels
E)facilitated diffusion carriers

Question 29

The _____ nervous system consists of sensory neurons and motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle contractions.

A)somatic
B)central
C)autonomic
D)enteric
E)parasympathetic

Question 30

Which of the following is exclusively an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A)glutamate
B)glycine
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholine
E)aspartate

Question 31

The period of time after creating an action potential during which a neuron cannot generate another action potential is called

A)hyperpolarization
B)the threshold period
C)repolarization
D)the refractory period
E)depolarization

Question 32

Which of the following statements best describes the events that lead to depolarization of a neuronal membrane?

A)Sodium flows into the neuron and potassium flows out of the neuron.
B)Sodium flows out of the neuron and potassium flows into the neuron.
C)Sodium flows into the neuron.
D)Potassium flows out of the neuron.
E)Potassium flows into the neuron.

Question 33

In resting neurons, neurotransmitters are stored in

A)the synaptic cleft
B)synaptic vesicles
C)the cell body of the postsynaptic neuron
D)neurofibrils
E)smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

The stage in an action potential that immediately follows depolarization is

A)hyperpolarization
B)polarization
C)repolarization
D)the latent stage
E)the resting stage

Question 35

Processes on neurons that receive and conduct impulses toward the cell body are called

A)dendrites
B)axons
C)axon collaterals
D)synaptic end bulbs
E)axon terminals

Question 36

The _____ of the brain consists of unmyelinated axons, dendrites, neuron cell bodies and neuroglia.

A)nuclei
B)white matter
C)gray matter
D)columns
E)tracts

Question 37

Which of the following neuroglia forms the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system?

A)Schwann cells
B)ependymal cells
C)astrocytes
D)microglia
E)oligodendrocytes

Question 38

Clusters of neuronal cell bodies that form gray matter in the brain are called

A)ganglia
B)tracts
C)regions
D)nuclei
E)columns

Question 39

During the creation of an action potential, depolarization of a membrane begins with the

A)opening of chloride channels.
B)opening of sodium channels.
C)opening of potassium channels.
D)closing of potassium channels.
E)closing of sodium channels.

Question 40

The duration of a single nerve impulse is approximately

A)one second
B)a tenth of a second
C)a microsecond
D)a millisecond
E)one minute

Question 41

The cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 42

When nerve fibers are cooled, impulse conduction occurs at higher speeds.

Question 43

Muscle action potentials are similar to nerve action potentials.

Question 44

Continuous conduction occurs along the entire membrane of myelinated axons.

Question 45

If the membrane potential becomes more negative than the normal resting potential, the membrane is said to be depolarized.

Question 46

Some regeneration of neurons can occur in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 47

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons in the central nervous system?

A)epilepsy
B)muscular dystrophy
C)multiple sclerosis
D)rabies
E)neuroblastoma

Question 48

Nitric oxide is unique among neurotransmitters because it

A)blocks the reuptake of dopamine.
B)is not stored in synaptic vesicles but is made on demand.
C)dilates airways during an asthma attack.
D)is both inhibitory and excitatory.
E)is only found in the PNS.

Question 49

Excitatory neurotransmitters make an action potential less likely to occur.

Question 50

A disorder in which an individual experiences sudden paralysis resulting from macrophages removing myelin from PNS axons is called

A)Multiple sclerosis
B)epilepsy
C)Guillain-Barre syndrome
D)Parkinson's disease
E)schizophrenia

Question 51

Another term for nerve impulse is action potential.

Question 52

Neurotransmitters always cause hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 53

In general, damaged neurons in adults cannot be replaced by new neurons.

Question 54

Short, recurring, periodic attacks of motor, sensory or psychological malfunctions, which virtually never affect intelligence, are characteristics of

A)multiple sclerosis
B)Parkinson's disease
C)epilepsy
D)schizophrenia
E)depression

Question 55

Whether or not an impulse is created in a postsynaptic neuron depends on the ratio of inhibitory versus excitatory neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft.

Question 56

To establish the resting potential, potassium ions move out of the neuron and sodium ions move into the neuron through _____ channels.

A)voltage-gated
B)leakage
C)ligand-gated
D)mechanically gated
E)funny current

Question 57

Repolarization is due to the opening of sodium channels.

Question 58

The neuroglial cell that lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord is called a/an

A)oligodendrocyte
B)microglial cell
C)Schwann cell
D)ependymal cell
E)satellite cell

Question 59

Subthreshold stimulation can cause action potentials.

Question 60

Ependymal cells are neuroglial cells.

Question 61

What type of neuron is shown in the diagram?

A)multipolar neuron
B)unipolar neuron
C)bipolar neuron
D)pseudounipolar neuron
E)anaxonic neuron

Question 62

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the "receiving" or "input" part of the neuron?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 63

Microglia are macrophages of the CNS.

Question 64

Name and describe the function of the two different processes that emerge from the cell bodies of most neurons.

Question 65

Describe nerve impulse conduction in unmyelinated and myelinated axons.

Question 66

Gray matter of the nervous system

A)is found as a thin shell on the outside of the spinal cord.
B)consists of myelinated axons and neuroglial cells.
C)does not contain the cell bodies of neurons.
D)is only found in the deep structures of the cerebrum.
E)contains little or no myelin.

Question 67

Interneurons are usually multipolar neurons.

Question 68

All the following are sensory functions of the nervous system EXCEPT

A)detecting changes in blood pressure
B)feeling a raindrop landing on your skin
C)seeing a baseball coming at your head
D)running away from an angry dog
E)hearing a dropped book hit the floor

Question 69

The drug Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

Question 70

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram represents a neurotransmitter receptor?

A)A
B)C
C)E
D)D
E)F

Question 71

Name the six types of neuroglia and give their general function.

Question 72

The loss of the covering produced by oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells is called demyelination.

Question 73

Because there are more sodium leak channels than potassium leak channels, a resting potential can be maintained.

Question 74

Which of the following types of ions would move through the channel labeled E in the diagram and trigger the release of neurotransmitter?

A)potassium
B)chloride
C)sodium
D)calcium
E)phosphate

Question 75

The process in which a region of the hypothalamus of the brain receives sensory information from thermoreceptors and decides to stimulate sweating is an example of the _____ function of the nervous system.

A)sensory
B)integrative
C)motor
D)somatic
E)enteric

Question 76

Natural pain killers called endorphins are classified as neuropeptides.

Question 77

Saltatory conduction occurs only in myelinated axons and involves a nerve impulse jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next.

Question 78

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is a Schwann cell?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 79

The physical space (labeled B in the diagram)between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons is called the _____ and the chemical (labeled C in the diagram)that is released to signal across this space is called a _____.

A)synaptic vesicle; neurotransmitter
B)synaptic end bulb; neurotransmitter
C)synaptic cleft; synaptic vesicle
D)synapse; neurotransmitter
E)synaptic cleft; neurotransmitter