Deck 8: The Muscular System

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of muscle tissue?

A)heat production
B)control movement of materials like blood within the body
C)vitamin d production
D)execute movements of the body
E)stabilize body position

Answer 1

C

Question 2

An increase in the diameter of muscle fibers is called

A)atrophy
B)hypertrophy
C)hypertonia
D)hypotonia
E)myotonia

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The dense irregular connective tissue that covers muscle fascicles and holds them together is called the

A)epimysium
B)endomysium
C)perimysium
D)superficial fascia
E)deep fascia

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A sustained contraction of a muscle is called

A)tetanus
B)summation
C)shivering
D)twitch contraction
E)recruitment

Question 5

All of the following are common proteins found in skeletal muscle filaments EXCEPT

A)actin
B)myosin
C)troponin
D)tropomyosin
E)elastin

Question 6

The space between an axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber is called the

A)neural junction
B)synaptic cleft
C)synaptic vesicle
D)motor end plate
E)motor unit

Question 7

The darker portion of the sarcomere composed of thick filaments and in some areas overlapping thin filaments is called the

A)H zone
B)Z disc
C)I band
D)A band
E)M line

Question 8

Tunnel-like extensions of the sarcolemma into a skeletal muscle fiber are called

A)sarcomeres
B)myofibrils
C)transverse tubules
D)tropomyosin
E)myosin cross bridges

Question 9

Which of the following substances can block the release of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction?

A)acetylcholinesterase
B)curare
C)botulinum toxin
D)succinylcholine
E)cholera toxin

Question 10

Muscle fatigue can be caused by

A)increased ADP.
B)insufficient oxygen.
C)depletion of creatine phosphate.
D)increased lactic acid.
E)all of the choices are correct.

Question 11

An individual sarcomere within a myofibril is the area between two

A)Z discs
B)I bands
C)A bands
D)H zones
E)M lines

Question 12

Which of the following substances is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm to initiate skeletal muscle contraction?

A)potassium
B)calcium
C)ATP
D)phosphate
E)sodium

Question 13

The organelle that stores calcium in a resting skeletal muscle fiber is the

A)lysosome
B)nucleus
C)Golgi apparatus
D)sarcoplasmic reticulum
E)T -tubule

Question 14

Each individual muscle fiber is covered by a layer of connective tissue called the

A)superficial fascia
B)deep fascia
C)perimysium
D)epimysium
E)endomysium

Question 15

The pigmented protein in skeletal muscle fibers that stores oxygen is called

A)hemoglobin
B)myoglobin
C)carotene
D)melanin
E)glycogen

Question 16

Acetylcholine that has been released into the synaptic cleft is rapidly inactivated by

A)sucrase.
B)active transport into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C)acetylcholinesterase.
D)monoamine oxidase.
E)diffusion out of the synaptic cleft.

Question 17

The neurotransmitter released from the motor neuron at a neuromuscular junction is

A)norepinephrine
B)acetylcholine
C)adrenaline
D)calcium
E)glycine

Question 18

Muscle tone results from

A)slight contraction of all the muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle.
B)activation of a small number of motor units within a skeletal muscle.
C)elastic tension of the connective tissue elements of the skeletal muscle.
D)rigor mortis.
E)tetanus.

Question 19

During the recovery-oxygen-uptake period that follows vigorous physical activity, some of the lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration in skeletal muscle fibers is converted into glycogen in the

A)brain
B)liver
C)pancreas
D)kidney
E)blood

Question 20

Which of the following types of muscle tissue are striated and involuntary?

A)skeletal muscle
B)cardiac muscle
C)smooth muscle
D)both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are correct
E)both skeletal muscle and smooth muscle are correct

Question 21

All of the following are muscles that move the humerus EXCEPT

A)latissimus dorsi
B)infraspinatus
C)teres major
D)deltoid
E)pronator teres

Question 22

Intermediate filaments are commonly found in

A)cardiac muscle
B)smooth muscle
C)skeletal muscle
D)striated muscle
E)both skeletal and smooth muscle

Question 23

The immediate direct source of energy for skeletal muscle contraction is

A)creatine phosphate
B)myoglobin
C)ATP
D)ADP
E)glycogen

Question 24

Which of the following is a muscle that moves the mandible?

A)orbicularis oculi
B)masseter
C)orbicularis oris
D)epicranius
E)frontalis

Question 25

Intercalated discs are characteristic structures found in

A)cardiac muscle
B)smooth muscle
C)skeletal muscle
D)any striated muscle
E)striated and smooth muscle

Question 26

The point of attachment of a muscle (by means of a tendon)to the stationary bone is called the

A)insertion
B)fixation
C)head
D)origin
E)ligation

Question 27

A muscle that decreases the size of an opening is a

A)rotator
B)tensor
C)pronator
D)sphincter
E)depressor

Question 28

All of the following are muscles that move the eyeball EXCEPT

A)superior rectus
B)lateral rectus
C)inferior oblique
D)internal oblique
E)superior oblique

Question 29

Which of the following is a muscle whose insertion is found on the pectoral girdle?

A)trapezius
B)pectoralis major
C)latissimus dorsi
D)gracilis
E)sartorius

Question 30

Which of the following muscles adducts the thigh and flexes the leg at the knee joint?

A)rectus femoris
B)gracilis
C)tibialis anterior
D)gastronemicus
E)flexor digitorum longus

Question 31

The infraspinatus muscle is a muscle that moves the

A)upper leg
B)lower leg
C)upper arm
D)lower arm
E)carpals

Question 32

Which of the following is a cranial muscle that produces facial expressions?

A)external oblique
B)rhomboideus
C)teres major
D)platysma
E)pronator teres

Question 33

All of the following are events that occur in skeletal muscle fibers EXCEPT

A)tetanus
B)twitch contractions
C)rigor mortis
D)wave summation
E)autorhythmicity

Question 34

A muscle that produces an upward (superior)movement is a

A)pronator
B)tensor
C)flexor
D)depressor
E)levator

Question 35

A muscle that has three origins is called a

A)biceps
B)triceps
C)quadriceps
D)deltoids
E)trapezius

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to name skeletal muscles?

A)direction of fibers
B)thickness of fibers
C)location
D)size
E)number of origins

Question 37

All of the following are muscles of the lower limb EXCEPT the

A)deltoid
B)adductor magnus
C)adductor longus
D)quadriceps femoris
E)vastus medialis

Question 38

Which of the following is a muscle that moves the foot?

A)tibialis anterior
B)semitendinosus
C)sartorius
D)biceps femoris
E)gracilis

Question 39

The muscle that presses the cheeks against the teeth and lips during whistling, blowing or sucking is the

A)buccinator
B)zygomaticus
C)frontalis
D)epicranius
E)occipitalis

Question 40

Which of the following flexes and abducts the wrist?

A)flexor digitorum profundus
B)flexor digitorum superficialis
C)flexor carpi radialis
D)flexor carpi ulnaris
E)palmaris longus

Question 41

Skeletal muscle tissue is striated and voluntary.

Question 42

Motor units that contain a relatively high number of muscle fibers are used

A)to lift heavy weights.
B)where precise control is needed.
C)to control muscles for posture.
D)to move the eyeballs.
E)both where precise control is needed and to move the eyeballs.

Question 43

A useful byproduct of skeletal muscle contraction is heat.

Question 44

Which of the following muscles is not part of the quadriceps femoris group?

A)rectus femoris
B)biceps femoris
C)vastus medialis
D)vastus lateralis
E)vastus intermedius

Question 45

The medical term that means pain in or associated with muscles is

A)hypertonia
B)proprioception
C)myotonia
D)myalgia
E)myositis

Question 46

The thin filaments in skeletal muscles are composed of

A)myosin
B)actin
C)actin, troponin, and myosin
D)actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
E)troponin and tropomyosin

Question 47

The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the

A)neurilemma
B)sarcolemma
C)sarcoplasm
D)nuclear membrane
E)myoplasm

Question 48

After a period of maximal muscle activity, the amount of oxygen needed to support the conversion of lactic acid to glycogen is a component of

A)muscle fatigue
B)oxygen debt
C)rigor
D)tetanus
E)summation

Question 49

Which of the following events occurs during the latent period of a twitch contraction in a skeletal muscle?

A)An action potential spreads down a motor neuron.
B)The muscle action potential spreads over the sarcolemma.
C)Myosin filaments pull on neighboring actin filaments.
D)Calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
E)The troponin/tropomyosin complex moves to block the myosin-binding site on actin.

Question 50

A motor unit in a skeletal muscle is defined as all the

A)muscle fascicles found in a single muscle.
B)muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron.
C)myofibrils in a single muscle fiber.
D)muscle fibers used in a single movement.
E)none of the choices is correct

Question 51

The general term used to designate problems resulting from damage to or disease of any components of a motor unit including the somatic motor neuron, neuromuscular junction or muscle fiber is

A)myalgia
B)myopathy
C)neuromuscular disease
D)muscular dystrophy
E)fibromyalgia

Question 52

Humans undergo a slow, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass starting at about age

A)20
B)30
C)40
D)50
E)60

Question 53

Cardiac muscle tissue is

A)striated, multinucleated, and voluntary
B)non-striated, uninucleated, and involuntary
C)striated, uninucleated, and involuntary
D)non-striated, multinucleated, and involuntary
E)striated, multinucleated, and involuntary

Question 54

Which of the following is true of smooth muscle?

A)under involuntary control
B)contracts faster than skeletal muscle
C)fatigues faster than skeletal muscle
D)each smooth muscle fiber must be innervated
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 55

The difference in the strength of the muscle contraction needed to pick up a pencil versus lift a 30-pound weight is dependent on

A)the number of antagonists involved.
B)the size of the motor units involved.
C)the use of glycogen as a primary energy source.
D)the number of motor units involved.
E)both the size and the number of the motor units involved.

Question 56

The most common form of inherited muscle-destroying disease in humans is

A)amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)or Lou Gehrig's disease
B)Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
C)myasthenia gravis
D)fasciculation
E)multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 57

Based on its name, which of the following best describes characteristics of the biceps femoris muscle?

A)Has two insertions and found in the leg.
B)Has two bellies and found in the thigh.
C)Has two origins and found in the thigh.
D)Has two origins and found in the arm.
E)Has two insertions and found in the thigh.

Question 58

All of the following are characteristics of fast glycolytic (FG)skeletal muscle fibers EXCEPT

A)fatigue rapidly
B)produce most powerful and rapid contractions
C)contain high concentration of myoglobin
D)have low number of mitochondria
E)contain large amounts of stored glycogen

Question 59

During muscle contraction, the energy in creatine phosphate is directly used to convert

A)ATP to ADP
B)ADP to ATP
C)deoxymyoglobin to myoglobin
D)lactic acid to pyruvic acid
E)pyruvic acid to lactic acid

Question 60

Smooth muscle is

A)striated, multinucleated, and voluntary
B)non-striated, uninucleated, and involuntary
C)striated, uninucleated, and involuntary
D)non-striated, multinucleated, and involuntary
E)striated, multinucleated, and involuntary

Question 61

There are two types of smooth muscle tissue called visceral and multiunit.

Question 62

A skeletal muscle must be stimulated by a motor neuron in order to contract.

Question 63

The muscle attachment to the bone that moves the most during a contraction is called the origin.

Question 64

The ends of axon terminals enlarge into swellings called motor end plates.

Question 65

Skeletal muscles are NOT very well supplied with nerves and blood vessels.

Question 66

Unfused (incomplete)tetanus involves the process of wave summation.

Question 67

The detachment of myosin heads from actin requires ATP.

Question 68

Slow oxidative skeletal muscle fibers fatigue easily.

Question 69

A twitch contraction involves a brief contraction of all the muscle fibers found in a single skeletal muscle.

Question 70

Each skeletal muscle fiber is directly controlled by two or more motor neurons.

Question 71

During skeletal muscle contraction, the power stroke causes the thin filaments to slide over the thick filaments.

Question 72

An individual skeletal muscle is a bundle of fascicles composed of bundles of muscle fibers consisting of bundles of myofibrils made up of numerous filaments.

Question 73

The myofibrils of skeletal muscle fibers are composed of three types of filaments.

Question 74

The thick and thin filaments in smooth muscle tissue are arranged in sarcomeres (similar to skeletal muscle), while in cardiac muscle tissue, the filaments are irregularly distributed throughout the cytoplasm.

Question 75

Smooth muscle is under voluntary control.

Question 76

Antagonists are the prime movers of bones during a movement, while synergists oppose the desired movement.

Question 77

Muscle tissue plays a major role in maintaining body position during activities such as standing and sitting.

Question 78

Denervation atrophy involves loss of muscle tone due to lack of muscle activity.

Question 79

The H zone is located in the center of the I band of a sarcomere.

Question 80

During skeletal muscle contraction, the myosin heads pull on actin causing the thin filaments to slide toward the center of the sarcomere.